ICTV第九次报告以来的植物病毒分类系统

 本文结合国际病毒分类委员会(ICTV)第九次报告和官方网站公布的2011、2012、2013病毒分类系统,介绍了植物病毒3个目、23个科、3个亚科、103个属、1 169种的最新分类系统,较第八次报告新增了2个目、5个科、3个亚科、22个属共406种。同时还介绍了亚病毒感染因子的类病毒和病毒卫星分类的变化。     

ICTV最新十五级分类阶元病毒分类系统中的植物病毒

本文报告了国际病毒分类委员会(ICTV)于2020年3月批准的最新2019病毒分类系统,全面采用了十五级分类阶元,分别为:域、亚域、界、亚界、门、亚门、纲、亚纲、目、亚目、科、亚科、属、亚属、种.寄主为植物的病毒包括了植物病毒和亚病毒感染因子(类病毒、卫星病毒和卫星核酸).植物病毒共有1 608种,涉及2个域、3个界、...     

植物病毒种类及其分类地位

自1898年至1966年,植物病毒的分类和命名并没有统一的方案。在1966年,于莫斯科召开国际微生物学科学协会(Internati-onal Committee on Nomenclatureof Viruses 简称 IAMS)的同时,召开了国际病毒命名委员会(ICNV),当时在植物病毒分类系统中承认了 Brandes 的六个组。1975年,于马德里召开了国际病毒分类委员会(International Committee onTaxo nomy of Viruses 简称 ICTV,即由 ICNV 改为 ICTV),第二届会议。Fenner     

ICTV报告Ⅷ以来昆虫病毒分类上的变化

昆虫病毒是生物防治的重要资源之一.国际病毒分类委员会ICTV负责病毒的分类和命名.ICTV最近一次报告是2005年的第Ⅷ报告.本文介绍了第Ⅷ报告以来昆虫病毒分类上的一些变化.昆虫杆状病毒科Bacluoviridae被重新分为a杆状病毒属Alphabaculovirus、β杆状病毒属Betabaculovirus、δ杆状病毒属Deltabaculovirus和γ杆状病毒属Gammabaculovirus 4个属.传染性软腐病病毒属Iflavirus中又增加了3个新种,其中2个是昆虫病原病毒,包括正茶尺蠖病毒Ectropis obliqua virus和羽翼畸形病毒Deformed wing virus,并以该属为代表属建立了新科--传染性软腐病病毒科Iflaviridae.蟋蟀麻痹病毒属Cripavirus中新增加了1个新种,即琉璃叶蝉病毒1 Homalodisca coagulata virus-1.ω四体病毒属Omegatetravirus也增加了新种马尾松毛虫病毒Dendrolimus punctatus virus.     

杆状病毒新的分类地位和书写方式

2020年10月ICTV更新了主要病毒名录,该文件新增了纳尔达病毒纲Naldaviricetes和勒乏病毒目Lefavirales.勒乏病毒目含中有包括杆状病毒科Baculoviridae在内的3个科,而杆状病毒科分为4个属:甲型杆状病毒属Alphabaculovirus、乙型杆状病毒属Betabaculovirus、...     

ICTV第八次报告的最新植物病毒分类系统

 本文介绍了国际病毒分类委员会第八次报告中的最新植物病毒分类系统18个科、81个属,以及亚病毒感染因子的类病毒和病毒卫星。与第七次报告相比新增的3个科、9个属分别是:矮缩病毒科、芜菁黄花叶病毒科、线形病毒科、番茄伪曲顶病毒属、香蕉束顶病毒属、塞尔病毒属、内源RNA病毒属、葡萄斑点病毒属、柑橘病毒属、葡萄卷叶病毒属、温州蜜柑矮缩病毒属、樱桃锉叶病毒属。     

植物病毒的分类与命名现状

 年以前,植物病毒与动物病毒的分类系统不同,前者分为组(group)、亚组(subgroup)、成员(member),而后者分为科(family)、属(genus)、种(species)^[1,2]。     

山茶褪绿矮缩伴随病毒杭州分离物的序列和进化分析

<正>双生病毒(Geminivirus)是一类基因组为单链环状DNA的植物病毒,具有孪生的病毒粒子。国际病毒分类委员会(International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses,ICTV)最新的分类报告将双生病毒分为9个属[1]。随着测序技术的发展,利用小RNA或转录组测序可鉴定植物中的已知和未知病毒,新的双生病毒也不断被发现和鉴定[2]。山茶褪绿矮缩伴随病毒(Camellia chlorotic dwar     

植物病毒的新分类与命名

植物病毒的新分类与命名吴朋王继伟（国家动植物检疫局１０００２６）随着近代生物学技术的发展，各寄主病毒发现的增多以及对其结构、特征研究的深入，人们对病毒的起源及分类的认识已日趋一致。由国际知名病毒学家组成的国际病毒命名委员会（１９７３年更名为国际病毒分...     

侵染百合的病毒种类及其检疫重要性

在侵染百合的18种病毒中,有6种病毒为我国禁止进境的检疫性有害生物,在进境的百合中曾检出4种检疫性病毒,因而在进境百合中具有十分重要的检疫重要性。本文介绍了国内外报道的百合病毒种类和最新分类进展以及从进境百合中截获的病毒种类。     

An analysis of the durability of resistance to plant viruses

ABSTRACT Genetic resistance often fails because a resistance-breaking (RB) pathogen genotype increases in frequency. On the basis of an analysis of cellular plant pathogens, it was recently proposed that the evolutionary potential of a pathogen is a major determinant of the durability of resistance. We test this hypothesis for plant viruses, which differ substantially from cellular pathogens in the nature, size, and expression of their genomes. Our analysis was based on 29 plant virus species that provide a good representation of the genetic and biological diversity of plant viruses. These 29 viruses were involved in 35 pathosystems, and 50 resistance factors deployed against them were analyzed. Resistance was found to be durable more often than not, in contrast with resistance to cellular plant pathogens. In a third of the analyzed pathosystems RB strains have not been reported, and in another third RB strains have been reported but have not become prevalent in the virus population. The evolutionary potential of the viruses in the 35 pathosystems was evaluated with a compound risk index based on three evolutionary factors: the population of the pathogen, the degree of recombination, and the amount of gene and genotype flow. Our analysis indicates that evolutionary potential may be an important determinant of the durability of resistance against plant viruses.     

Epidemiological assessment of cassava mosaic disease in Burkina Faso

Surveys were conducted in 2016 and 2017 across the main cassava-growing regions of Burkina Faso to assess the status of cassava mosaic disease (CMD) and to determine the virus strains causing the disease, using field observation and phylogenetic analysis. CMD incidence varied between regions and across years but was lowest in Hauts-Bassins (6.0%, 2016 and 5.4%, 2017) and highest in Centre-Sud (18.5%, 2016) and in Boucle du Mouhoun (51.7%, 2017). The lowest CMD severity was found in Est region (2.0) for both years and the highest in Sud-Ouest region (3.3, 2016) and Centre-Sud region (2.8, 2017). The CMD infection was primarily associated with contaminated cuttings in all regions except in Hauts-Bassins, where whitefly-borne infection was higher than cuttings-borne infection in 2016. PCR screening of 687 samples coupled with sequence analysis revealed the presence of African cassava mosaic-like (ACMV-like) viruses and East African cassava mosaic-like (EACMV-like) viruses as single infections at 79.5% and 1.1%, respectively. Co-infections of ACMV-like and EACMV-like viruses were detected in 19.4% of the tested samples. In addition, 86.7% of the samples positive for EACMV-like virus were found to be positive for East African cassava mosaic Cameroon virus (EACMCMV). Phylogenetic analysis revealed the segregation of cassava mosaic geminiviruses (CMGs) from Burkina Faso into three clades specific to ACMV, African cassava mosaic Burkina Faso virus (ACMBFV), and EACMCMV, confirming the presence of these viruses. The results of this study show that EACMCMV occurrence may be more prevalent in Burkina Faso than previously thought.     

国家种质广州甘薯圃病毒种类鉴定及分析

为明确引起国家种质广州甘薯资源圃中病毒病的病毒种类及优势种,为甘薯种质安全保存提供支持,2017年从甘薯资源圃中未脱毒更新的盆栽苗和大田苗中采集155份具有不同病毒病症状的甘薯资源样品,利用PCR和RT-PCR检测技术对这些样品进行了17种病毒的分子检测.155份样品均有病毒检出,包括甘薯羽状斑驳病毒Sweet pot...     

Attenuated plant viruses: preventing virus diseases and understanding the molecular mechanism

Attenuated viruses have been isolated and studied not only as a practical means of controlling virus diseases but also to gain a molecular understanding of viral virulence and cross protection. They have been isolated from crop fields and generated through high/low temperature treatment or by mutagens such as nitrous acid and ultraviolet irradiation. Some viruses have been beneficially used in fields and evaluated for one or more decades. Molecular genetic studies on attenuated viruses have revealed that amino acid substitutions are located in replicase and the movement protein in tobamovirus, protein 2b for cucumovirus, and P1 and HC-Pro for potyvirus. In most cases, with a few exceptions, symptom attenuation is positively correlated with a reduced level of RNA silencing suppression. Molecular mechanisms underlying virus attenuation and cross protection and the rationale for practical use of attenuated viruses for effective virus disease control are discussed.     

Genetically engineered viral insecticides–A progress report 1986 1989

Among the viruses that are pathogenic for insect species, baculoviruses have been shown to be useful as insecticides for pest control. In some cases they have been used as cost-effective and environmentally acceptable alternatives to chemical insecticides. However, because viruses need to be ingested and replicate extensively in their host before they kill it, baculovirus insecticides are much slower than chemicals or other reagents that kill insects either on contact or shortly after ingestion. The objective of the programme of genetic engineering of baculovirus insecticides is to improve their speed of action while maintaining their host specificity and other attributes that make them desirable alternatives to chemical pesticides. Since 1986 four field releases have been undertaken involving genetically engineered baculovirus insecticides. The first release used a genetically marked Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV). The study began in 1986 and was terminated in 1987. The results demonstrated that an innocuous piece of DNA, appropriately positioned in the AcNPV genome, was an effective means to tag the virus without affecting its phenotype, allowing it to be identified in bioassays of plant and soil samples. The second release, in 1987, involved a genetically marked virus from which the gene coding for the protective polyhedrin protein of the virus had been removed. The field data obtained with this virus showed that it did not persist in the environment, neither in soil, nor on vegetation, nor in the corpses of caterpillars. The third and fourth releases were undertaken in 1988. For one of these studies the marked, polyhedrin-negative virus was again used. In the other study a polyhedrin-negative virus that contained a junk' (/?-galactosidase) gene was employed.