种质库的节能管理

种质库又称低温干燥种子贮藏库,是安全保存种子的科研设施,也是重要的农林中草药业基础保存设施。但种质库也是一个用电大户,在保证种质库安全运行的前提下,如何降低电力消耗和提高经济效益,是种质库运转管理的一项重要课题。为此,阐述了种质库运转中所存在的耗能问题,提出了加强种质库节能管理的具体措施。     

蔬菜种子的有效期限

白菜籽 白菜籽可以保存两年。当年收获的种子，可以当年播种。但贮存两年以上的种子，播种后出苗率一般要降低20％～30％以上，相应的抗病力也差了。其贮存时间越长，抗病力越差。贮存白菜籽，应放在凉爽、通风、干燥的地方。不要把种子装在塑料袋、水缸、铁桶等不透空气的容器里，以免捂坏，影响发芽率。     

中期种质库的建造

种质库又称低温干燥种子贮藏库,是安全保存种子的科研设施且是重要的农林中草药业基础设施.但是,种质库建造是一项涉及多学科知识的复杂系统工程,国内外建造的不少中期种质库未能达到预期效果.为此,阐述了中期种质库建造的核心技术,包括中期种质库的布局、库房围护结构的建设、制冷除湿设备蒸发温度的确定、制冷除湿设备制冷量的确定,并列举了一个工程实例,以期促进中期种质库建造的顺利实施.     

香椿芽的立体培育技术

常温条件下，在室内或棚内对香椿种子进行立体培育，一年四季均可培育出嫩绿味香的香椿幼芽。具体作法为：（１）品种选择。香椿品种较多，通常食用的品种有红油香椿、紫油香椿和绿香椿。一般选择种粒大、子粒饱满、发芽率高的紫油香椿作为室内培育香椿幼芽的最佳品种。（２）种子贮存处理。香椿种子的寿命为７个月～８个月，在常温条件下其发芽率在半年后开始降低，放置时间达１年便不能用了。一般把有１５年～２５年树龄的健壮香椿树作为采种对象。将备好的种子放在温度在４℃～５℃的通风条件下保存，在贮存期间不要去掉种子的膜质壳，以…     

冷等离子体处理对大葱种子发芽特性的影响

运用冷等离子体种子处理技术对大葱种子进行小于20 s非电离幅射处理,研究该技术对于大葱种子发芽势和发芽率的影响.试验结果表明,经不同功率冷等离子体处理后,种子的发芽势和发芽率有明显变化.冷等离子体处理后放置20 d进行发芽试验,当处理功率为240 W时种子的发芽势和发芽率提高最大,分别比对照提高10.6％和5.2％.冷等离子体处理后放置20 d和放置4d进行发芽试验,大葱种子的发芽势和发芽率都比对照有明显改变,并且具有一致的规律性.     

用磁化法激活种子的活力

美国加利福尼亚州乔普农业研究所的一项试验证明，用磁比法可以激活种子的活力。他们把大豆、黑麦。马铃薯的种子分别放在磁通密度为1300－1500G＂（高斯）的磁场内进行磁化处理，其发芽率达到100％，发芽时间也缩短了一半。经过磁化处理的热带果树种子，移栽到北方的低温环境里也能生长出幼苗；根据这一原理，农技人员还用磁化法来培养种子的耐旱和耐寒能力，提高植株的生命力。用磁化法激活种子的活力     

播前晒种 壮苗增产

播前晒种可以促进种子后熟,改善种皮透性,提高发芽势和发芽率,有利于壮苗、增产,特别是对成熟度较差和贮藏期间吸湿回潮的种子,晒种的增产效果更为明显。据试验,棉花晒种5天, 发芽率提高6．3％～27％,增产籽棉12％;玉米晒种2～3天,出苗率提高13％～28％,出苗期提前1～2天;小麦晒种后发芽率高14．6％～     

横流干燥种子发芽率的预测

建立并验证种子发芽率一阶动力模型,预测了横流干燥过程中的种子发芽率;分析了横流干燥时谷物种子温度、含水率和发芽率的变化规律;给出了种子发芽率损失在10％以内的极限风温。     

新型介电式种子精选机及其配套系统的研究与设计

利用种子的介电特性分选种子，可使种子的发芽率提高７％～１５％，增产１５％～２０％。文中介绍了一种最新研制的、机电一体化的介电式种子精选机，以及与其配套的高压发生器和调速测速系统。     

草木灰在农业上的妙用

▲贮藏种子 在贮藏容器 (柜、坛、缸、罐 )里先铺 1层 5cm(厘米 )厚的草木灰，再将晒干的种子装入布袋或纸袋内放入贮藏容器中，容器口用油纸封严，即可使麦类种子保存 1年、豆类种子保存 0.5年、蔬菜种子保存 2年，不生虫不霉烂。 　　▲蔬菜保鲜 经晾干的完好无病虫鲜马铃薯、芋头等块根类蔬菜，放在干燥的地面或楼板上，用干草木灰盖严，可保鲜 5～ 6个月；竹木容器 4周用纸封垫好，先在底部铺 1层 3cm(厘米 )厚的干草木灰，然后再 1层青椒 1层草木灰地装放，装好后置于阴凉干燥的地方贮存，可使青椒保鲜 2～ 3个月。 　　▲消灭青苔 稻…     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。