野生蕨菜研究进展

从蕨菜主要成分及其功能、种苗繁殖、高效栽培模式及加工技术几个方面综述了野生蕨菜研究现状.并结合开发野生资源、保护生态、提高经济效益和社会效益等方面,提出了现阶段发展野生蕨菜需进一步研究的重点问题,展望了野生蕨菜未来的发展方向.     

不同种植模式对野生蕨菜生理生化的影响

为研究适于野生蕨菜生长的驯化种植模式,采用塑料大棚、小拱棚、露地3种种植模式,研究了蕨菜不同生长时期各项生理生化指标的变化规律。结果表明：塑料大棚模式不同生长期叶绿素含量、根系活力及SOD、POD、CAT活性均较高,MDA含量相对较低而且变化稳定,NR活性在蕨菜生长前期高于其它种植模式,更有利于野生蕨菜的驯化栽培。小棚种植也较利于蕨菜栽培,但没有塑料大棚效果明显。     

如何进行蕨菜野生资源的恢复和规模经营

由于蕨菜的野生性和安全无污染性,属纯天然食品,我国蕨菜在国际市场上具有较强竞争力。但近年由于对蕨菜资源开发过度,蕨菜品质下降很快。为保持我国蕨菜产品在国际市场上数量和质量上的优势,蕨菜野生资源应该恢复,而且这种恢复还应遵循野生蕨菜生境的生态系统特点进行。我认为,人工繁育蕨菜孢子苗,再利用蕨菜孢子苗来恢复野生资源并进行规模经营,不失为一种好方法,而且此方法适宜全国野生蕨菜产区。蕨菜孢子苗人工繁育分为二步:首先是蕨菜孢子的采集。蕨菜的孢子产生于叶的背面,6月末-7月中旬(东北地区)为孢子成熟期,当叶背的孢子囊变为淡…     

不同贮藏条件下野生蕨菜生理特性的变化研究

以野生蕨菜为试材,以刚采收的鲜样为对照,研究了室内放置3d和冰箱冷藏3d2种处理对野生蕨菜顶芽、幼叶、成熟叶和成熟茎中的蛋白质、叶绿素、丙二醛(MDA)含量及过氧化物酶(POD)活性的影响,以期研究不同贮藏条件下野生蕨菜采后生理特性的变化情况。结果表明:新鲜野生蕨菜各部位都富含蛋白质及叶绿素;随着采摘后贮藏时间的延长,蛋白质和叶绿素含量下降,过氧化物酶(POD)活性降低,丙二醛(MDA)含量不断升高;冰箱冷藏与室内自然放置相比,具有较高的蛋白质和叶绿素含量,但保持较低的POD活性及MDA含量,说明冰箱冷藏比室内放置更能保存蕨菜的各部分营养成分。     

蕨菜的孢子繁殖技术

蕨菜〔Ｐｔｅｒｉｄｉｕｍａｇｕｉｌｉｎｕｍ（Ｌ．）Ｋｕｈｎｖａｒ．ｌａｔｉｕｓｃｕｌｕｍ（Ｄｅｓｖ．）Ｕｎｄｅｒｗ．ｅｘＨｅｌｌｅｒ〕又名拳芽菜、商芝菜,是我国的主要野生蔬菜之一,以拳卷的幼嫩叶和叶柄为食用部分,含有丰富的营养,而且具有较高的药用价值,是出口创汇的主要野生蔬菜品种之一。蕨菜传统的繁殖方法是利用根茎进行无性繁殖,因繁殖系数低,不便运输,限制了蕨菜栽培的发展。笔者对蕨菜孢子的有性繁殖技术进行了试验研究,取得了良好的效果。１　孢子的采集蕨菜孢子的成熟期在北方地区是７月上旬至８月上旬,当…     

长白山厥菜家植栽培技术探析

蕨菜具有很高的营养价值,是不可多得的绿色食品。近年来,随着人们生活水平的提高,人们对健康也越来越关注,对无毒无害的绿色食品更加青睐,致使新鲜的野生蕨菜市场价格越来越高。对此,有些人开始种植培养蕨菜,以供市场需求。本文就蕨菜的属性、食用价值、栽培的技术进行分析,供有关栽植人员参考。     

桂西野生蕨菜黄酮提取工艺优化研究

以产自广西乐业的野生蕨菜为试材,在考察单因素对蕨菜黄酮提取效率影响的基础上,运用正交实验优化了蕨菜黄酮的提取工艺.结果表明:影响蕨菜黄酮提取因素大小依次为回流温度、乙醇浓度、液料比及回流时间；最佳提取工艺条件为回流温度90℃,乙醇浓度50％(V/V),液料比55∶1(V/m),回流时间2.0h;在该条件下,蕨菜黄酮提取率达7.29％.     

蕨菜加工技术

蕨别名蕨菜、拳头菜、龙头菜、如意菜、狼萁等,属凤尾蕨科多年生草本植物。食用部分为由叶芽生长出来未开展的羽状叶和幼嫩叶柄,是一种营养价值很高的野生山菜,有“山菜之王”的美称。我国蕨菜资源丰富,每年都大量出口,年出口量达万吨以上,是典型的无公害蔬菜。如温州市文成县的“亨哈”牌野生蕨菜远销东亚、西欧、我国香港等12个国家和地区。     

北方山蕨菜棚栽无公害生产技术

生长于山野林间的食用蕨类植物通称山蕨菜.山蕨菜都含有较高的蛋白质、维生素、粗纤维,以及人体必需的多种氨基酸和有益矿元,营养丰富,且清香爽脆、口感独特.山蕨菜自然生长,无污染,堪称绿色有机食品,经常食用还具有治病和保健的双重功效.山蕨菜甚受世人青睐,供不应求,经济价值显著.但由于多分布于深山,生长分散,交通不便,使得采集野生山蕨菜不仅成本高、产量低,而且还会对自然植被和生态环境造成破坏.发展山蕨菜的人工栽培,不但能克服上述弊端,还能提高品质和商品性,对增加山民收入,构建和谐社会,建设新农村具有重要现实意义.     

野蕨菜综合利用及加工技术初探

浙江磐安野生蕨菜资源丰富,从山区实际出发因地制宜、发挥优势,对野生资源合理开发、有效利用,通过加工延长产业链,提高经济效益,做到经济、生态效益兼顾,既增加了农民收入,又保护了生态环境。霜降前后当蕨菜地面茎叶枯死后至翌年2月之前,可将地下根茎挖出加工淀粉;开春清明节之际,可采摘嫩蕨芽进行腌渍和干制,重点对蕨芽和蕨根的简易加工技术进行介绍。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.