用正交函数分光光度法测定丙硫苯咪唑脂质体液中药物含量

采用正交函数分光光度法测定了丙硫苯咪唑脂质体混悬液中药物含量,测定波长277～307nm,测定点6个,间隔6nm,按d_2=5A_1-A_2-4A_3-4A_4-A_5+5A_6计算.本实验重现性好,回收率为98.8±0.52%(n=15),方法可靠、实用.     

结晶法分离蚕沙β-胡萝卜素

本研究改变以往从蚕沙分离β-胡萝卜素常用的的层析法,以结晶法分离得到β-胡萝卜素晶体,其吸收峰、吸收波长、吸光比、晶体形状和纯度与层析法无异,该法向工业应用迈进了一步。     

不同β-胡萝卜素水平对奶牛产奶量及乳品质的影响

目的:研究不同的β-胡萝卜素水平对奶牛产奶量及乳品质的影响。方法:我科对40头奶牛喂养不同量β-胡萝卜素,随机分为4个组,对照组采用基础日粮,观察组中分为1组采用基础日粮+300mg/dβ-胡萝卜素,2组采用基础日粮+600mg/dβ-胡萝卜素,3组采用基础日粮+900mg/dβ-胡萝卜素,观察效果。结果:β-胡萝卜素对奶牛的产奶量以及牛乳品质有明显影响,1组、2组、3组在产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:对奶牛喂养中加入大量的β-胡萝卜素可以提高奶牛产量及乳品质,值得喂养人员关注。     

复合预混合饲料中β-胡萝卜素测定方法研究

本文采用高效液相色谱法建立复合预混合饲料中β-胡萝卜素含量的测定方法。样品经皂化萃取浓缩后,用Aglient C18色谱柱,甲醇-异丙醇-二氯甲烷为流动相,在450 nm检测,外标法定量。结果表明:β-胡萝卜素在0～10μg/mL有较好的线性关系,r~2均大于0.999。方法中β-胡萝卜素线性关系良好,检出限为1 mg/kg,回收率为95%～102%,相对标准偏差小于6%。该方法具有稳定性好、灵敏度高等优点,适用于复合预混合饲料中β-胡萝卜素含量的检测。     

分光光度法检测饲料添加剂β-胡萝卜素粉含量的研究

依据β-胡萝卜素异构体的等吸收波长的特性,建立了用分光光度法测定饲料添加剂β-胡萝卜素粉的测定方法。试样经酶解后,用乙醇和二氯甲烷提取,用环己烷稀释后,在421.0 nm处测定。该方法的检测结果与AOAC2005.7液相色谱法测定的结果吻合;该方法在0.6~6μg/mL浓度范围内有良好的线性,线性回归系数R2=0.999 8;样品测试的相对标准偏差为2.52%。该方法具有快速、准确、分析成本低等优点。     

抗伊氏锥虫表膜单克隆抗体的研究Ⅰ.杂交瘤细胞株的建立与鉴定

利用淋巴细胞杂交瘤技术,建立了3株抗伊氏锥虫表膜抗原的McAb杂交癌细胞株1C_2、2A_3、5B_7,对其鉴定的结果;①杂交瘤细胞所诱生的腹水效价,1C_2为2×10~(-4)、2A_3 4×10~(-4)、5B_7 64×10~(-4);培养上清效价,1C_2为1/512、2A_3 1/512、5B_7 1/1024。②3株细胞所产生的McAb均为IgM。③杂交瘤细胞的染色体数,1C_2 82条、2A_3 96条、5B_7 106条。④用McAb作抗原定位,均结合于伊氏锥虫虫体表面。⑤McAb与伊氏锥虫表膜以外的其它抗原成分反应较弱,与锥虫属以外的病原体不发生反应,与泰氏锥虫、路氏锥虫有部分交叉反应。⑥3株McAb对虫体均无抑制作用。     

不同浓度β-胡萝卜素对17℃保存猪精液质量的影响

实验旨在研究不同浓度β-胡萝卜素对猪精液在17℃下保存的质量影响。实验在Modena基础稀释液中添加不同浓度(0、10、15、20、25 mg/L)β-胡萝卜素并在17℃环境下保存精液,在保存1、2、3、4、5 d分别检测猪精子活率、精子活力、运动性能和畸形率。结果表明:添加β-胡萝卜素嫩能显著提高精子质量,20 mg/Lβ-胡萝卜素组精子活率、活力等优于其他组(P0.05),同时畸形率显著降低。综上,添加20 mg/Lβ-胡萝卜素对17℃保存的公猪精液有利,可为生产实践中公猪精液的保存提供实验依据。     

蚕沙叶绿素铜钠盐生产废液中β-胡萝卜素的大孔吸附树脂分离方法

研究了从蚕沙的叶绿素铜钠盐生产废液中制备β-胡萝卜素的色谱分离方法。采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)考察了HZ816、DK110、D301和S8等4种树脂对叶绿素铜钠盐生产废液中β-胡萝卜素组分的静态吸附行为,确定了树脂极性和孔径大小等因素对β-胡萝卜素静态吸附量的影响。以HZ816树脂为固定相、乙醇和乙醚为洗脱液进行了原料液的动态吸附试验,发现用乙醇作溶剂上样分离时,叶绿素铜钠盐生产废液中的β-胡萝卜素组分被富集在固定相上,换用乙醚洗脱后该组分被置换出制备柱,从而获得β-胡萝卜素质量分数0.69%、收率97%的产品。     

相溶解法测阿莫西林和2-羟丙基-β-环糊精的包结常数

本文建立了阿莫西林的校正曲线,采用相溶解度法研究了阿莫西林(AMO)-2-羟丙基-β-环糊精(HP-β-CD)的包合作用情况。结果:阿莫西林在波长228 nm处有最大吸收峰值,在0.42~42μg/m L浓度范围内的阿莫西林溶液与吸光值有良好线性关系,校正曲线方程为:Y=0.0209x+0.0006,(n=8,r=0.9989);溶解度曲线方程及相关系数分别为:Y=0.005214x+4.38×10-6,(r=0.9963),阿莫西林-2-羟丙基-β-环糊精的包结常数为1.132×103L/mol。表明2-羟丙基-β-环糊精对阿莫西林有较好的包合增溶作用。     

微囊化β-胡萝卜素生产工艺的研究及其对怀孕母猪类固醇激素的影响

本试验旨在研究β-胡萝卜素微囊制剂的生产工艺和β-胡萝卜素对怀孕后期母猪类固醇激素水平的影响。微囊制备试验采用喷雾干燥法,研究其最佳生产工艺参数,并测定产品的稳定性和溶出度;饲养试验选用繁殖性能基本一致的长×大母猪48头,随机分成4组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验I、II、III组在此基础上分别添加含β-胡萝卜素40、100、160 mg/kg 3个水平的微囊制剂。结果表明:当喷雾干燥工艺参数为进风温度200℃,固形物浓度25%时β-胡萝卜素微囊产率最高;在光照条件下β-胡萝卜素微囊较未经处理的原粉稳定性显著提高(P<0.05),在培养箱中持续光照4 d,保留率仍有75.39%。β-胡萝卜素微囊在人工模拟胃液和肠液中的溶出度分别为89.23%和95.69%;在妊娠110 d时,160 mg/kgβ-胡萝卜素组母猪血清中雌二醇和孕酮含量均显著高于对照组和其他试验组(P<0.05)。综上所述,微囊化能够提高β-胡萝卜素的稳定性,在怀孕母猪日粮中添加160 mg/kgβ-胡萝卜素有利于提高母猪类固醇激素水平。     

Effects of oral supplementation with β-carotene on concentrations of β-carotene, vitamin A and α-tocopherol in plasma, colostrum and milk of mares and plasma of their foals and on fertility in mares

In this study, effects of oral β-carotene supplementation to mares (β-carotene group: 1000 mg/day, n = 15; control group: n = 15) from 2 weeks before foaling until 6 weeks thereafter on concentrations of β-carotene, vitamin A and α-tocopherol in plasma, colostrum and milk and plasma of their foals were determined. In addition, effects on fertility were studied. Beta-carotene concentrations increased in plasma and colostrum of β-carotene-supplemented mares compared to control mares (p < 0.05). In mares of both groups, β-carotene concentrations were higher in colostrum than in milk (p < 0.05). In foals, β-carotene concentrations increased with colostrum uptake and were higher in foals born to supplemented mares (p < 0.05; control group: 0.0003 ± 0.0002 μg/ml on day 0, 0.008 ± 0.0023 μg/ml on day 1; β-carotene group: 0.0005 ± 0.0003 μg/ml on day 0, 0.048 ± 0.018 μg/ml on day 1). Concentrations of vitamin A and α-tocopherol were higher in colostrum than in milk (p < 0.05) but did not differ between groups. Concentration of α-tocopherol in plasma of mares decreased over time and in foals, increased markedly within 4 days after birth. All but one mare (control group) showed oestrus within 2 weeks post-partum. Occurrence of oestrus did not differ between groups. More mares of the control group (7/7 vs. 5/12 in the β-carotene group) became pregnant after being bred in first post-partum oestrus (p < 0.05). In conclusion, β-carotene supplementation to mares increased β-carotene concentrations in plasma, colostrum and milk of mares and plasma of their foals but had no positive effects on fertility.     

Domestic cats convert [2H8]-β-carotene to [2H4]-retinol following a single oral dose

Many animals convert β-carotene to retinol to meet their vitamin A (VA) requirement. However, this pathway is inefficient in many carnivores. This study quantified the plasma response to a single oral dose of [(2) H(8)]-β-carotene in adult domestic cats, including measurement of [(2) H(4)]-retinol derived from the dose. Cats were fed with either a control diet containing adequate VA (n = 5) or a VA-devoid diet (n = 5) for 28 days. An oral dose of either 5 mg/kg body weight (BW) (n = 4) or 10 mg/kg BW (n = 6) of [(2) H(8) ]-β-carotene was administered on day 28. Plasma samples were collected prior to dosing and at 6, 12, 24, 32, 48, 72, 120, 168 and 216 h post-dose. Plasma retinoids and β-carotene were measured using HPLC and [(2) H(4)]-retinol by GC-ECNCI-MS (gas chromatography/electron capture negative chemical ionization/mass spectrometry). β-carotene was undetectable in plasma prior to dosing. Post-dose, mean peak plasma β-carotene was 0.37 ± 0.06 nmol/ml at 9.0 ± 1.8 h following the dose, while [(2) H(4) ]-retinol peaked at 3.71 ± 0.69 pmol/ml at 55.2 ± 16.3 h. The ratio per cent of total area under the curve for [(2) H(4)]-retinol compared with the β-carotene response was 4.6 ± 2.6%. There was little effect of diet or dose on the β-carotene or [(2) H(4)]-retinol responses. The appearance of [(2) H(4)]-retinol in plasma indicates that cats are capable of converting β-carotene to active VA. Conversion efficiency was not calculated in this study, but it is likely inadequate to meet cats' VA requirement without the inclusion of preformed VA in the diet.     

β-胡萝卜素对绵羊瘤胃微生物发酵参数的影响

试验采用自身对照法试验设计,选用6只安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的去势蒙古公羊,分3组,即0.000%β-胡萝卜素(对照组)、0.005%β-胡萝卜素和0.008%β-胡萝卜素组,研究在日粮中添加β-胡萝卜素对绵羊瘤胃内环境及微生物发酵参数的影响。结果表明:日粮中添加β-胡萝卜素对绵羊瘤胃中pH值没有影响;日粮中添加β-胡萝卜素有降低绵羊瘤胃中氨态氮含量的趋势;日粮中添加β-胡萝卜素使绵羊瘤胃中菌体蛋白含量降低,且存在随β-胡萝卜素添加比例的增加菌体蛋白含量有降低的趋势;日粮中添加β-胡萝卜素有促进瘤胃中TVFA含量升高和降低乙丙比的趋势。     

妊娠后期补充β-胡萝卜素对母猪乳成分和肠道菌群的影响

试验旨在探究妊娠后期饲粮中添加β-胡萝卜素对母猪初乳、常乳成分及肠道菌群的影响,并揭示肠道菌群与乳成分之间的相关性。选取胎次相近的妊娠后期二元杂交母猪48头,随机分为3组,每组16个重复,分别饲喂添加0、30和90 mg/kg β-胡萝卜素的饲粮,试验从妊娠第90天开始到分娩后第14天结束。分娩当天采集母猪初乳和粪便样品,哺乳第14天采集母猪常乳样品。对初乳中免疫球蛋白（Ig）水平以及常乳中乳成分进行测定,粪便样品通过16S rRNA测序技术进行分析。结果显示：与对照组相比,饲粮添加β-胡萝卜素有提高母猪初乳中IgM的趋势（P=0.173）,降低IgG的趋势（P=0.155）;添加30 mg/kg β-胡萝卜素显著提高了常乳中乳蛋白和尿素氮含量（P<0.05）,同时降低了乳糖含量（P<0.05）,而添加90 mg/kg β-胡萝卜素降低了常乳中总固体含量（P<0.05）。对粪便菌群进行分析发现,β-胡萝卜素上调了Eubacterium brachy group、Ruminococcaceae UCG009、Ruminococcaceae UCG014等菌群的丰度,下调了Candidatus Soleaferrea、Coprococcus 3、Lachnospiraceae NK4B4 group等菌群的丰度。相关性分析表明,Coprococcus 3与初乳中IgM水平呈显著负相关（P<0.05）,Fibrobacter与初乳中IgG、IgM水平呈显著正相关（P<0.05）;Lachnospiraceae NK4B4与常乳中乳蛋白和总固体含量呈显著正相关（P<0.05）;Ruminococcaceae UCG009与初乳中IgG水平呈显著负相关（P<0.05）。以上结果表明,β-胡萝卜素可通过调节肠道菌群影响母猪初乳及常乳的成分组成。     

The effect of tannic acid and polyethylene glycol on the absorption capacity of chicken intestine for d-xylose and β-carotene

In an experiment, the possible influence of tannic acid (TA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) on the absorption capacity of intestine for d-xylose and β-carotene in broiler chicken was investigated. Four groups of nine 28-day-old broiler cockerels received d-xylose (500 mg) and β-carotene (52 μg) solutions (Group 1 to 4) with TA (1 g, Group 2 to 4) and PEG (500 mg Group 3 and 1 g Group 4), orally. One blood sample prior to, and four others after the administration of test materials, were collected from wing vein on 40 min basis, for 160 min and the concentration of plasma d-xylose was determined. The concentration of β-carotene was also measured in plasma of blood samples taken prior to and 160 min post-administration of the test materials. Plasma d-xylose concentration of all groups showed quadratic correlations with time (p < 0.001, r(2) = 0.84, 0.60, 0.70 and 0.74 for Group 1 to 4, respectively). Administration of TA reduced the plasma concentration of d-xylose in Group 2. However, feeding PEG after TA raised the concentration of d-xylose in Group 4 to the level that there was no difference in that variable between this group and Group 1. Although the plasma concentration of β-carotene was increased in 160 min post-ingestion of the test material, no difference was found in that variable among the experimental groups. In conclusion, TA and its interaction with PEG have impacts on the absorption capacity of intestine for d-xylose and highly likely other simple sugars, but TA or PEG have no influence on the absorption of β-carotene and most probably other fat soluble vitamins.     

β-Carotin und Follikel-Lutein-Zysten beim Rind*

Inhalt Um die mögliche ätiologische Rolle eines β-Carotinmangels für die Genese von Follikel-Lutein-Zysten des Rindes abzuklären, wurden Geschlechtsorgane und Blutproben am örtlichen Schlachthof gesammelt. Die β-Carotinkonrentrationen wurden in Petrolatherextrakten uon Blutserum- und verseiften Luteingewebeproben, die von Rindern mit solchen Zysten oder mit zyklischen Gelbkörpern stammten, photometrisch bestimmt. Die mittlere β-Carotinkonzentration im Serum von 12 zystentragenden Tieren war signifikant niedriger als bei 12 Tieren mit zyklischen Gelbkörpern (0,7 ± 0,5 us. 2,2 ± 1,4μg/ml; p ≤ 0,01). Die mittleren β-Carotinkonzentrationen im Luteingewebe progesteronproduzierender Follikel-Lutein-Zysten und Gelbkörper unterschieden sich nicht signifikant (11,7 ± 13,6 vs. 8,7 ± 10,6 μg/g; p > 0,05; n = 5, n = 6). Die β-Carotinkonrentrationen im Luteingewebe und im Blutserum von Tieren mit progesteronserernierenden Zysten und Gelbkörpern waren signifikant positiv korreliert (r = 0,61 und r = 0,81; p ≤ 0,01). Die Ergebnisse sprechen für eine wichtige Bedeutung des β-Carotinmangels bei der Entstehung von Follikel-Lutein-Zysten beim Rind. Contents: β-carotene and luteinized follicular cysts in cattle To evaluate the possible etiological role of β-carotene deficiency in the genesis of luteinired follicular cysts in the bovine, genital organs and blood were obtained from the local abattoir. β-carotene concentrations were quantified photometrically in petrolether extracts of blood serum and saponified luteal tissue of dairy cattle bearing such cysts or cyclic corpora lutea. The mean serum β-carotene concentrations of 12 cyst bearing animals were significantly lower than in 12 animals having cyclic corpora lutea (0. 7 ± 0.5 us. 2.2 ± 1.4 μg/ml; p ≤ 0.01). Luteal tissue β-carotene concentrations of progesterone secreting luteinired follicular cysts and cyclic corpora lutea did not differ significantly (11.7 ± 13.6 us. 8.7 ± 10.6 μg/g; p> 0.05; n = 5, n = 6 respectively). Luteal tissue and serum β-carotene concentrations were positively correlated in animals bearing progesterone secreting cysts or corpora lutea (r = 0.61 and r = 0.81; p ≤ 0.01; respectively). Results suggest a causative role of β-carotene deficiency in the genesis of luteinired follicular cysts in cattle.     

不同水平蚕沙对新西兰兔肉品质的影响

试验旨在研究不同水平蚕沙对新西兰兔肉品质的影响。选取120只健康、体重相近(1.06 kg±0.09 kg,公、母各半)的35日龄断奶新西兰兔,随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复4只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别饲喂添加6%、12%、18%和24%蚕沙的日粮。试验结束后,每组选取接近平均体重的4只兔(公、母各半)屠宰,测定肌肉品质指标。结果显示,不同水平蚕沙对新西兰兔肉品质有一定影响,其中各组肉色、pH、失水率和蒸煮率差异不显著(P＞0.05),而剪切值试验组显著低于对照组(P＜0.05),且随蚕沙添加量的增加呈减小的趋势;在化学性状中各组水分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、灰分含量差异不显著(P＞0.05)。     

Changes in faecal bacteria and metabolic parameters in foals during the first six weeks of life

Many foals develop diarrhoea within the first two weeks of life which has been suggested to coincide with postpartum oestrus in their dams. To analyse the pathogenesis of this diarrhoea we have determined faecal bacteria in foals and their dams (n=30 each), and serum IGF-1 and γ-globulins for 6 weeks after birth. In addition, effects of β-carotene supplementation to mares (group 1: 1000 mg/day, n=15, group 2: control, n=15) on diarrhoea in foals were studied. Diarrhoea occurred in 92 and 79% of foals in groups 1 and 2, respectively, but was not correlated with oestrus in mares. Beta-carotene supplementation was without effect on foal diarrhoea. In mares, bacterial flora remained stable. The percentage of foals with cultures positive for E. coli was low at birth but increased within one day, the percentage positive for Enterococcus sp. was low for 10 days and for Streptococcus sp. and Staphylococcus sp. was low for 2-4 weeks. By 4 weeks of age, bacterial flora in foals resembled an adult pattern. Concentration of serum IGF-1 was low at birth (group 1: 149 ± 11, group 2: 166 ± 17ng/ml), increased after day 1 (day 7 group 1: 384 ± 30, group 2: 372 ± 36) but at no time differed between groups. Serum γ-globulin concentration in foals was low before colostrum intake and highest on day 1 (p<0.001 over time). In conclusion, neonatal diarrhoea in foals does not coincide with postpartum oestrus in their dams but with changes in intestinal bacteria and is not influenced by β-carotene supplementation given to mares.     

克蚧威农药对家蚕的毒力及残效期研究

本文介绍了克蚧威对家蚕的毒力和残效期.结果表明:克蚧威对家蚕有很强的触杀作用,秋季对三龄蚕的触杀毒力回归方程为Y=2.458十1.862X,Lc_(50).为23.185ppm,LD_(50)为0.012ug/头,春季800倍液喷桑叶对家蚕的安全间隔期为10天.蚕对克蚧威的抗性因蚕龄大小和季节不同有异.