苹果树山楂红蜘蛛的发生与防治

红蜘蛛（Tetranychus viennensis Zacher）属蜱螨目、叶螨科；主要危害仁果类果树（苹果、梨、山楂等）。危害苹果的红蜘蛛主要有山楂红蜘蛛、苹果红蜘蛛、苜蓿红蜘蛛。     

桃树红蜘蛛类害虫的防治

红蜘蛛种类较多,主要有山楂红蜘蛛、苹果红蜘蛛、苹果白蜘蛛、苜蓿红蜘蛛等。危害桃树的红蜘蛛主要是山楂红蜘蛛。山楂红蜘蛛又称山楂叶螨。1年发     

桃树红蜘蛛类害虫的防治

<正>红蜘蛛种类较多,主要有山楂红蜘蛛、苹果红蜘蛛、苹果白蜘蛛、苜蓿红蜘蛛等。危害桃树的红蜘蛛主要是山楂红蜘蛛。山楂红蜘蛛又称山楂叶螨。1年发     

苏氏盲走螨对山楂叶螨捕食作用的研究

苏氏盲走螨对山楂叶螨卵和幼螨的功能反应均可用Ｈｏｌｌｉｎｇ的圆盘方程模拟。在室内自然变温条件下,苏氏盲走螨对山楂叶螨卵和幼螨的最大日捕食量分别为６２．５４粒和３．８８头,时攻击率分别为０．２８０６和０．５５４４;在山楂叶螨各螨态中,对卵有明显的正喜好,其次是幼螨。     

山楂叶螨卵在桃树上的空间分布型研究

运用8种聚集度指标对山楂叶螨卵在桃树上的空间分布型进行了研究,所有的指标都表明,山楂叶螨卵的空间分布型呈聚集分布,分布的基本成份是个体群,通过方差分析,山楂叶螨卵在桃树树冠的上、中、下3个层的分布数量差异都不显著.     

山楂叶螨卯在桃树上的空间分布型研究

运用8种聚集度指标对山楂叶螨卵在桃树上的空间分布型进行了研究,所有的指标都表明,山楂叶螨卵的空间分布型呈聚集分布,分布的基本成份是个体群,通过方差分析,山楂叶螨卵在桃树树冠的上、中、下3个层的分布数量差异都不显著。     

3种杀螨剂防治山楂叶螨试验

扫螨净，尼索朗、三氯杀螨醇３种杀螨剂对山楂叶螨的防治试验表明：扫螨净３０００倍液对山楂叶螨的卵、幼若螨、成螨均有极强的触杀效果，其田间有效期长达５０天，一次用药可基本控制全年危害，效果优于尼索朗、三氯杀螨醇。     

地肤子提取物对山楂叶螨体内几种酶活性的影响

研究经地肤子活性提取物处理后山楂叶螨的症状表现,并采用生化方法测定地肤子活性成分对山楂叶螨体内的蛋白含量、蛋白酶活性、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶、乙酰胆碱酯酶、单胺氧化酶活性的影响.结果表明:地肤提取物处理山楂叶螨后,螨体内蛋白含量、蛋白酶活性有所升高.谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶活性被激活,这表明地肤提取物对山楂叶螨有毒害作用,从而引起了螨体的解毒作用,来维持正常的生理功能;而乙酰胆碱酯酶、单胺氧化酶的活力受到一定程度的抑制造成神经传递的阻断,从而导致螨体的死亡.地肤子作为新型植物源农药具有良好的开发前景.     

果树红蜘蛛的发生与防治

红蜘蛛属蜱螨目、叶螨科，是为害果树的重要害虫，每年发生较普遍，防治不力时，往往会给果农造成严重损失。为害果树的红蜘蛛主要有山楂红蜘蛛、苹果红蜘蛛、苜蓿红蜘蛛。三种红蜘蛛常混合发生，但在不同的年份或地区，就是同一地区的不同时期，主次常有变动，但各地仍以山楂红蜘蛛发生普遍。     

二斑叶螨的发生与防治

一、二斑叶螨的危害。二斑叶螨主要为害桃树，对梨树，葡萄，杏，山楂等危害也比较严重。二斑叶螨以若螨，成螨聚集在果树叶片的背面刺吸汁液，危害轻时，受害叶片失绿，呈浅白色；危害严重时，叶片焦枯脱落；虫口密度大时，在叶片背面结一层白色丝网或在新梢顶端群虫集结呈球状。     

紫胶虫新寄主—瓦氏葛藤的研究

瓦氏葛藤(Pueraria wallichii DC.)是紫胶虫新的优良灌木寄主,为了及时地、有效地将其推广到生产中,本文对其生物学特性、产胶性能及病虫害进行了综合研究,得出:瓦氏葛藤适应性强,耐瘠薄,能提高土壤肥力;生长周期短,萌发力强,繁殖栽培容易;产胶性能稳定,投产早,产胶量高,可多次利用;病虫害较少,主要是苗期病害,利于防治。     

三种杨黑斑病菌的寄主范围及在我国部分地区的分布

杨树黑斑病是杨树的重要病害之一。目前国外已报道的杨黑斑病菌的种类有10种,许多学者认为保留Marssonina brunnea(Ell.et Ev.)Magn.,M.populi(Lib.)Magn.和M.castagnei(Desm.et Mont.)Magn.三个种,Cellerino和Rimpau把M.tremulae作为独立的种,Spiers把M.tremulae作为M.brunnea寄生于白杨派山杨亚派(Trepidae)的一个专化型(M.brunnea f.sp.trepidae)。M.balsamiferae Hiratsuka则是新近在加拿大发现的,其他的名称均为上述各种的异名。我国已报道的有三种,即M.brunnea(M.populicola为其异名)、M.populi和M.castagnei其中M.brunnea与M.populi的区分,主要是以分生孢子分隔处是否有缢缩为根据的,并认为前者的寄主范围以青杨派为主,后者以黑     

STUDY ON THE HOST BIOLOGICAL INDUCED RESISTANCE OF BACTERIAL CANKER OF POPLAR

ThefirstrePortabouttheprotectiveeffeetofless-aggrssivestrainswerethatSalamaninoculatedtheless-aggrssivcstrainsofI`tfnchingIobaccoontobaccoandIeaditob-tainpartresistance.ANerthen,thcexistofinducedresistancehavebeenrcPortonseveralkindsofplantssuchasPnIms,(*cstnut.Ma-hl.v.,1tcumis.lIlmus.lI'4'5'7.8.9.l().14.l5.16.I7.l8.1'J2lj.21=4.2s.2f'.=7.2x.3()IThei11ducedresistanceofplantsisassocl-atcdt`,iththeincrcaseofthelc17clofthepllellem*tl1eprocesscsofphellemaredcpcndonthcactivelevcloftheperoxidas…     

针叶小爪螨-寄主植物-芬兰钝绥螨相互关系的研究Ⅲ.寄主植物的化学组成与针叶小爪螨生长发育的关系

用海绵水盘法饲养针叶小爪螨Oligonychusununguis (Jacobi) ,观察其在未受害板栗、麻栎、栓皮栎和槲树叶片及受害板栗、麻栎叶片上的生长发育状况 ,并测定了这些植物叶片中某些化学物质的含量。结果发现 ,危害槲树者 ,其发育历期最长 ,雌成螨寿命最短 ,平均单雌产卵量最少 ;危害板栗、麻栎、栓皮栎者生长发育状况无明显差异 ,但危害板栗者幼螨期明显缩短 ;叶片受该螨危害后 ,游离氨基酸的总量、全氮含量减少 ,可溶性总糖、粗脂肪、单宁的含量增加。与板栗、麻栎、栓皮栎相比 ,槲树叶片中游离氨基酸的总量、全氮含量、可溶性总糖的含量最低 ,单宁含量最高     

针叶小爪螨-寄主植物-芬兰钝绥螨相互关系的研究Ⅰ.针叶小爪螨对寄主植物和芬兰钝绥螨对猎物的嗅觉反应

用Y形嗅觉仪测定了针叶小爪螨对其寄主植物 ,芬兰钝绥螨对针叶小爪螨的选择行为。结果表明 :针叶小爪螨对未受害的麻栎叶、栓皮栎叶和板栗叶都表现出较强的趋性 ,对槲树叶虽然也有趋性 ,但趋向程度不如前三者强 ,而松针和云杉对其有较强的忌避作用 ;用同一寄主植物的未受害叶片和除螨受害叶片测定时 ,则明显趋向于未受害叶片 ;而用同一寄主植物的除螨受害叶片和带螨受害叶片测定时 ,则喜欢选择带螨受害叶片。寄主植物受害与否以及有无叶螨存在 ,显著影响芬兰钝绥螨的趋性。芬兰钝绥螨对未受叶螨危害和受叶螨危害的寄主植物叶片均有趋性 ,但对后者的趋性反应更为强烈 ,对有叶螨的危害叶片和无叶螨的危害叶片的趋性反应之间也存在显著差异     

薇甘菊叶斑病病原菌鉴定及寄主范围测定

对薇甘菊(Mikania micrantha)叶斑病进行分离鉴定,观察病原菌形态及进行分子生物学检测,测定病原菌生长适温及寄主范围.形态学结合分子生物学鉴定薇甘菊叶斑病病原菌为大豆茎点霉Boeremia exigua,27?℃为该菌菌丝生长最适温度,初步发现该菌可侵染桑树,不侵染其他参试作物.     

Effect of cold storage and different diets on <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ephestia kuehniella</Emphasis> Zeller (Lep:Pyralidae)

Ephestia kuehniella adults were stored at 10°C for 1–10 weeks. Reproductive ability and number of living adults decreased depending on the length of the storage period. Long-term exposure to cold lengthened the life of the adults and 50% mortality was reached after 6 weeks. To obtain complete mortality and sterility 10 weeks of storage was needed. The larvae reared on corn flour diet developed to the adult stage more rapidly than that of the other treatments. The adults reared on oat flour produced significantly more eggs than the other diets. There was no difference among diets with regard to emergence rate, longevity or sex ration of E. kuehniella adults. Trichogramma evanescens did not differentiate among hosts from different food sources with respect to parasitization, adult emergence and sex ratio. The suitability of the eggs from cold-exposed adults with respect to parasitization was found to be the same as the control during the first 3 weeks.     

波纹杂毛虫生物学特性与防治措施

经林间调查和饲养观察，已知波纹杂毛虫能危害８科２２种针阔叶树种。对其寄主，形态特征、生物学特性和天敌种类进行了观察，并提出防治措施。     

Effect of host plant alternation on some adaptive enzymes of the bird cherry–oat aphid, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rhopalosiphum padi</Emphasis> (L.)

Changes in the activity of some adaptive enzymes of the bird cherry–oat aphid R. padi after transfer from primary (bird cherry) to secondary (triticales) host plants were assessed. The following groups of enzymes were studied: (1) transferases—glutathione S-transferase (GST) and UDP-glucosyltransferase (UDPGT); (2) antioxidant enzymes—superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT); (3) oxidoreductases—polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (PX); and (4) glucoside hydrolases—α- and β-glucosidase. The activity of the transferases and the antioxidant enzymes increased after transfer to the secondary host, but the level of activity was closely associated with feeding duration on the secondary host. The strongest induction was noted for SOD, the activity of which was more than three times greater on the secondary than on the primary host. In contrast, transfer of the bird cherry–oat aphid was accompanied by a decline in activity of PPO, PX, and β-glucosidase; PPO and PX activity was 50% less in aphids fed on the secondary host rather than on the primary host. Activity of α-glucosidase increased after prolonged feeding on the secondary host. The results indicated that the adaptive enzymes of the bird cherry–oat aphid enable it to feed on distantly related host plants.