A survey of equine abortion and perinatal foal losses in Hungary during a three-year period (1998-2000)

Cases of equine abortion and perinatal foal losses were investigated in Hungary during a three-year period (1998-2000). Samples from aborted equine fetuses and newborn foals (total n = 96) were examined using bacteriological, virological, pathological, immunohistochemical (IHC), molecular biological and serological methods. The cause of abortion and perinatal foal loss was identified in 67/96 cases (70%); viral infection was found in 22 (23%), viral and bacterial coinfection in 1 (1%), bacterial infection in 23 (24%), protozoan infection in 1 (1%) and fungal infection in 2 cases (2%). Morphological lesions suggestive of infection were recorded in 2 (2%) and non-infectious causes in 16 cases (17%).     

Reproduction of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in pigs by prenatal porcine circovirus 2 infection and postnatal porcine parvovirus infection or immunostimulation

Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) was reproduced in prenatally porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2)-infected pigs by either postnatal infection with porcine parvovirus (PPV) or by immunostimulation. Twenty-four randomly selected piglets from 3 sows, which had been experimentally infected during gestation with PCV2, were randomly divided into 3 groups; group 1 (prenatal PCV2 infection, with postnatal PPV infection), group 2 (prenatal PCV2 infection, with postnatal keyhole limpet hemocyanin, emulsified in incomplete Freund's adjuvant [KLH/ICFA] injection), and group 3 (prenatal PCV2 infection only). Twenty-four randomly selected piglets from 3 uninfected sows were randomly divided into 3 groups; group 4 (no prenatal infection, with postnatal PCV2 and PPV infection), group 5 (no prenatal infection, with postnatal PCV2 infection), and group 6 (negative control pigs). Body weight in negative control pigs (group 6) was increased significantly compared with pigs in groups 1, 2, and 4 at 49, 52, 56, 59, and 63 days of age. The granulomatous inflammatory reaction and lymphoid depletion that are typical lesions in pigs with PMWS were observed in the lymph node of piglets in groups 1, 2, and 4 at 63 days of age. Pigs in group 3 had significantly fewer PCV2-positive cells than those from groups 1, 2, 4, or 5. When the prenatally PCV2-infected pigs were infected with PPV or injected with immunostimulant in the postnatal period, they developed PMWS. Thus, factors that potentiate the progression of prenatal PCV2 infection to PMWS are postnatal infection with PPV or immune stimulation.     

Effect of infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus alone,bovine rotavirus alone,or concurrent infection with both on enteric disease in gnotobiotic neonatal calves

OBJECTIVE: To compare experimentally induced concurrent infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and bovine rotavirus (BRV) with infection of either virus alone in calves. ANIMALS: Seventeen 1-day-old gnotobiotic calves. PROCEDURE: Calves were allotted to 8 treatments as follows: group 1, mock-infected control calves (n = 2); group 2, inoculated with BVDV on day 1 (2); groups 3, 5, and 7, inoculated with BRV on days 1 (2), 4 (1), or 7 (2), respectively; and groups 4, 6, and 8, inoculated with BVDV on day 1 and with BRV on days 1 (2), 4 (2), or 7 (4), respectively. Concentrations of BVDV in serum and ileal tissues were measured, and BRV shedding in feces was determined. Histologic examination and immunohistochemical analysis were conducted to detect lesions and viral antigens. RESULTS: Neonatal calves inoculated with BVDV alone or with BVDV on day 1 and BRV on day 7 developed villus atrophy and submucosal inflammation of the intestines. Concurrent BVDV and BRV infections acted synergistically in the intestinal tract, causing more severe enteric disease than infection with either virus alone. Severe lymphoid depletion was associated with BVDV infection in calves regardlesss of concurrent BRV infection. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Infection with BVDV played direct and indirect roles in enteritis in neonatal calves, causing villus atrophy in the duodenum and submucosal inflammation of the intestines. Also, BVDV potentiated effects of BRV. Concurrent infection with BVDV and BRV resulted in more severe enteric disease in neonatal calves than infection with BRV or BVDV alone.     

Establishment of Model for Oxidative Stress in Mice Immune Cells Induced by PCV2 in vivo

The aim of this experiment was to establish the oxidative stress model of immune cells in mice induced by PCV2. Optimal infection titer and time of PCV2 were selected. On the 1st,2nd and 3rd day or 1st, 3rd,5th and 7th day,Kunming mice were treated with 10⁰ PCV2 or 10^-1 PCV2 by 3 ways (intraperitoneal injection, intranasal administration and intragastrical administration). 7, 14, 21 d post administration, we killed the mice. Reactive oxygen species (ROS),total glutathione (T-GSH),reduced glutathione (GSH),oxidized glutathione (GSSG) levels and xanthine oxidase (XOD), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity were determined to investigate the relationship between the infection time point and the change of ROS level after PCV2 infection. Thus to establish mice immune cells oxidative stress model. The results showed that infection with 10⁰ PCV2 virus in 3 ways every day both at day 1, 2, 3 and 1 mL per mouse was the best program for the follow-up experiment. The intracellular level of ROS of mice infected with PCV2 was extremely significantly increased both at 7, 14 and 21 d (P < 0.01);7 and 14 d post infection, GSH level of PCV2 infected mice had significant difference compared with that of control group (P < 0.05). 7 d after infection, GSSG level was extremely significantly higher than that of control group (P < 0.01); 7 d after infection, T-GSH level was significantly lower than that of control group (P < 0.05), T-GSH was extremely significantly lower than that of control group at 14 d post infection (P < 0.01). XOD, MPO and iNOS activity between PCV2 infection group and blank control group were significantly different at 7 d post infection (P < 0.05). It suggested that PCV2 successfully infected mice, experimental infection programme was Kunming mice were treated with 10⁰ PCV2 by three ways (intraperitoneal injection, intranasal administration and intragastrical administration) both at the 1st,2nd and 3rd day of the experiment.The best condition to establish the oxidative stress model of immune cells in mice was using 10⁰ PCV2 to infect for 7 days.     

猪圆环病毒2型诱导小鼠体内免疫细胞氧化胁迫模型的建立

试验旨在建立猪圆环病毒2型（PCV2）诱导的小鼠体内免疫细胞氧化胁迫模型。筛选PCV2感染剂量及感染时间,采用腹腔注射、滴鼻和灌胃3种途径联合方式于第1、2、3 天或第1、3、5、7天给予昆明系小鼠感染PCV2病毒原液或10^－1 PCV2病毒液,分别于感染后7、14、21 d剖杀小鼠,测定活性氧（ROS）、总谷胱甘肽（T-GSH）、还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）、氧化型谷胱甘肽（GSSG）水平及黄嘌呤氧化酶（XOD）、髓过氧化物酶（MPO）、诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）活性,探讨PCV2感染时间与活性氧水平变化的关系,建立免疫细胞氧化胁迫动物模型。结果显示,第1、2、3天每天经3种途径联合感染PCV2病毒原液,1 mL/只,为后续试验感染最佳方案。PCV2感染小鼠3个时间点细胞内ROS水平较空白对照组均极显著升高（P < 0.01）,感染后7、14 d GSH水平显著降低（P < 0.05）;感染后7 d GSSG水平极显著高于空白对照组（P < 0.01）;感染后7 d T-GSH水平显著低于空白对照组（P < 0.05）,感染后14 d T-GSH水平极显著低于空白对照组（P < 0.01）。感染后7 d脾脏XOD、MPO、iNOS活性与空白对照组相比均存在显著差异（P < 0.05）。结果表明,PCV2成功感染小鼠,试验感染方案为第1、2、3 天每天经3种途径联合感染PCV2病毒原液,1 mL/只,且用PCV2病毒原液感染7 d是建立小鼠体内免疫细胞氧化胁迫模型的最佳条件。     

Cytokine and chemokine mRNA expression profiles in tracheobronchial lymph nodes from pigs singularly infected or coinfected with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (MHYO)

The objective of this study was to determine cytokine and chemokine mRNA expression profiles in tracheobronchial lymph nodes from pigs singularly infected with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (MHYO), or coinfected with both. Twenty-eight pigs were randomly assigned to one of four groups: (1) negative controls (NEG), (2) inoculated with MHYO (IMHYO), (3) inoculated with MHYO and PCV2 (CoI), and (4) inoculated with PCV2 (IPCV2). MHYO infection significantly (P<0.05) stimulated innate cytokines, IL1B and IL8. PCV2 infection significantly stimulated expression of IFNG, IL8, NOS2A and chemokines CCL2, CCL5, and CXCL10. IFNB, IL1B and IL12 were slightly increased with PCV2 infection and IFNA and IL4 were significantly downregulated. Compared to NEG pigs, coinfection resulted in a significant increase in expression of IFNG, IL1B, IL8, CCL5, CXCL10, and weak stimulation of IFNB, IL6 and IL10; IL13 and IFNA were significantly downregulated. Overall MHYO potentiated PCV2 infection by increasing IFNG and IL10 mRNA expression levels. The increase of IFNG and chemokines and decrease of IFNA in IPCV2 and CoI pigs were correlated with increased severity of lymphoid lesions and the presence of PCV2 antigen. In summary, this work provided evidence that the increased severity of lesions in PCV2 and MHYO coinfected pigs was associated mainly with the presence of PCV2 antigen and alterations of cytokine mRNA expression profiles.     

Influence of experimentally induced theileriosis (Theileria annulata) on the pharmacokinetics of a long-acting formulation of oxytetracycline (OTC-LA) in calves

The effects of experimental Theileria annulata infection on the i.m. (20 mg/kg) pharmacokinetics of oxytetracycline were investigated in crossbred calves. The serum concentration-time curves of oxytetracycline (OTC-LA), before and after experimental infection, were best described by a one-compartment open model. The experimental infection by subcutaneous administration of ground-up tick supernate (GUTS), equivalent to 30 Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum ticks infected with Theileria annulata, produced a clear temperature rise and signs of clinical disease in calves. Subsequently, haemoglobin, packed cell volume, total leucocyte count and serum Cu, Fe and Zn concentrations decreased after infection. The absorption and elimination half-lives (t1/2 Ka and t1/2 Ke), mean absorbance time (MAT), time to peak concentration (Tmax), mean residence time (MRT), area under the serum concentration time curve (AUC infinity) and the bioavailability (F) were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased. The peak serum concentration (Cmax), however, remained unchanged after infection. These changes may necessitate alterations in the dosage regimen of oxytetracycline used to treat Theileria annulata infections in cattle under field conditions.     

Impact of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection on serologic surveillance for Johne's disease in goats.

False-positive results on serologic assays for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) are believed to occur due to cross-reacting antibody produced by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (C. pstb) infection in goats. This issue of compromised specificity was evaluated by testing 771 adult goats from 10 Midwestern goat herds in 2004. Assays for MAP infection included radiometric fecal culture and 2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs); ELISA-positive samples were tested by agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID). A synergistic hemolysin inhibition assay (SHI) was used to detect C. pstb antibody. Four infection status categories were evaluated. Category 1 goats (free of both MAP and C. pstb infection) tested negative on all MAP fecal cultures and SHI tests. Five of 181 goats were positive in both ELISAs, and 2 more were positive in ELISA-1 only. For Category 2 (MAP infected; no C. pstb infection), all animals were SHI negative. Six goats were fecal culture positive and strongly positive in both ELISAs; 2 more goats were positive only in ELISA-1. For Category 3 (C. pstb infected or vaccinated; no history of MAP infection), all fecal cultures were negative and 91% were SHI test-positive. In this population, only 2 goats were positive in both MAP ELISAs, while 84 additional goats were test-positive only on ELISA-1. In the absence of C. pstb infection, both ELISAs performed comparably, but when C. pstb infection was present the performance of ELISA-1 was significantly perturbed. Use of the ELISA-2 for goats is an effective and efficient method for Johne's disease surveillance in any goat herd.     

Implications of the re-invasion of Southeast Uganda by Glossina pallidipes on the epidemiology of bovine trypanosomosis

A study to assess the influence of re-invasion of Glossina pallidipes on the epidemiology of bovine trypanosomosis was conducted in Southeast Uganda. A total of 1,992 cattle were screened in villages, with (949) and without G. pallidipes (1043) for trypanosomosis using a combination of the BCT and HCT methods. The prevalence of trypanosomosis (15.5%), Trypanosoma brucei infection (1.4%), T. congolense infection (7.2%), T. vivax infection (5.3%) and mixed infection (1.6%) in cattle in villages with was significantly higher than in those without G. pallidipes: trypanosomosis (7.1%), T. brucei infection (0.6%), T. congolense infection (2.0%), T. vivax infection (3.3%) and mixed infection (1.2%) (overall trypanosome infection, chi2=35.5, d.f.=1, P<0.05; T. brucei infection, chi2=8.06, d.f.=1, P<0.05; T. congolense infection, chi2=22.8, d.f.=1, P<0.05 and T. vivax infection, chi2=6.4, d.f.=1, P<0.05). Infections of Trypanosoma congolense were predominant in cattle in villages with G. pallidipes, while T. vivax infections were predominant in cattle in villages without. In all villages, T. brucei infections were fewer than either T. congolense or T. vivax infections. The risk of transmission of T. brucei, T. congolense and T. vivax infections was 3, 2.7 and 1.6 times, respectively, higher in villages with G. pallidipes than in those without, despite the presence of G. f. fuscipes in either set of villages. The mean PCV (28.27+/-0.41, 95% CI) and mean herd size (3+/-0.46) of cattle in villages with G. pallidipes were significantly (P<0.05) lower than in those in villages without (mean PCV, 29.48+/-0.34; mean herd size, 4+/-0.72). It is evident that presence of G. pallidipes brings about an increase in the prevalence of T. congolense, which causes a more severe disease in cattle than other species of trypanosomes. This is a rare case of a re-invasion of a tsetse species whose disease transmission capability calls for refocusing of the traditional national tsetse and trypanosomosis control strategies to contain it.     

Seroprevalence of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, Neospora caninum, Bovine leukemia virus, and Bovine viral diarrhea virus infection among dairy cattle and herds in Alberta and agroecological risk factors associated with seropositivity

A province-wide, cross-sectional seroprevalence and agroecological risk factor study of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), Neospora caninum (NC), Bovine leukemia virus (BLV), and Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDv) genotypes 1 and 2 (BVDv1 and BVDv2) infection in dairy cattle herds in Alberta was conducted. Among adults, the seroprevalence of MAP, NC, and BLV was 9.1%, 18.5%, and 26.9%, respectively. For MAP, based on a herd test cutpoint of 2 or more seropositive cows, 58.8% of herds were infected. Herd-level seroprevalence for NC and BLV was 98.7% and 86.7%, respectively, based on a herd-test cutpoint of 1 seropositive cow. Among unvaccinated dairy heifers, the seroprevalence for BVDv1 and BVDv2 infection was 28.4% and 8.9%, respectively, while herd-level infection was 53.4% and 19.7%. Seroprevalence for MAP varied moderately by agroecological region, whereas that for NC, BLV, and BVDv1 and BVDv2 did not. For MAP, aridity and soil pH (correlated features of the region) were also important.     

Post-exposure treatment of cats with mouse-cat chimeric antibodies against feline herpesvirus type 1 and feline calicivirus

In order to confirm the in vivo effectiveness of anti- feline herpesvirus type 1 (FHV-1) mouse-cat chimeric antibody (FJH2), and anti-feline calicivirus (FCV) mouse-cat chimeric antibody (F1D7), cats that had been experimentally infected with FHV-1 or FCV were administered intravenously with the chimeric antibodies, and observed for clinical manifestations. The symptoms due to FHV-1 or FCV infection in the cats administered FJH2 or F1D7 were obviously decreased when compared with those of the non-administered control cats. From these results, it was confirmed that both FJH2 and F1D7 were effective at reducing the appearance of symptoms due to FHV-1 and FCV infection, respectively.     

Prevalence of infection with porcine circovirus-2 (PCV-2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in an integrated swine production system experiencing postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome

The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of infection with porcine circovirus-2 (PCV-2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) through a longitudinal study in an integrated swine production system (7 farms) experiencing postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). Risk factors for PCV-2 infection and for PCV-2 and PRRSV coinfection were also evaluated. Fifteen sows from each herd and 4 non-cross-fostered piglets from each sow were randomly selected at farrowing and ear-tagged at birth. Serum samples were analyzed for antibodies to PCV-2 and for detection of the PCV-2 and PRRSV genomes. Statistical analyses involved 2 approaches. The 1st approach characterized the dynamics of PCV-2 infection and their relationship with PRRSV infection. The 2nd approach analyzed the probability of being infected by PCV-2 or by both PCV-2 and PRRSV through a generalized linear mixed model incorporating sow and farm characteristics. At the 1st sampling time (1 wk of age), there was a significant relationship between sow PCV-2 infection and piglet PCV-2 infection (P < 0.0001). The risk of PCV-2 and PRRSV coinfection was 1.85 times greater in piglets from a sow with low titers of PCV-2 antibodies than in piglets from sows with medium to high titers (P = 0.03) and was 2.54, 2.40, and 2.02 times greater, respectively, in piglets from primiparous sows, PCV-2-infected sows, and farms in an area of high pig density than in piglets from sows of higher parity (P = 0.004), noninfected sows (P = 0.04), and farms in a low-density area (P = 0.09).     

IgG1型单克隆抗体和吡喹酮协同预防日本血吸虫病的研究

6组昆明系小鼠人工感染日本血吸虫尾蚴前2小时,组1和组2胃饲低剂量吡喹酮(20mg/kg),并分别腹腔注入鼠抗日本血吸虫IgG_1型单克隆抗体ISj51和ISj55作被动免疫,4天后重复1次,4周后剖杀集虫。结果表明,单抗合并吡喹酮的组1和组2的减雌率分别为45.32％和42.95％,均明显高于(p<0.01)仅作腹腔被动免疫转移ISj 51和ISj 55单抗的组3和组4(分别为15.11％和19.44％),亦高于(p>0.05)仅用单剂吡喹酮的组5(37.41％)。2株单抗在巨噬细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞的介导下,杀伤童虫率接近1:2稀释的8周阳性鼠血清(分别为37.50％,46.88％和48.00％,41.18％)。提示:鼠抗日本血吸虫IgG_1型单抗协同低剂量吡喹酮,具有预防日本血吸虫感染,提高灭雌率,降低吡喹酮毒副作用的优点,对控制和预防日本血吸虫病的传播具有一定的意义。     

Effects of experimentally induced Theileria annulata infection on the pharmacokinetics of oxytetracycline in cross-bred calves

The effects of an experimental Theileria annulata infection on the intravenous (10 mg kg-1) pharmacokinetics of oxytetracycline (OTC) were investigated in crossbred calves. The serum concentration-time curve of oxytetracycline before and after the experimental infection was best described by an open two-compartment model. The experimental infection was induced by a subcutaneous administration of ground-up tick supernate (GUTS) equivalent to 30 Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum ticks infected with Theileria annulata. It produced a definite temperature rise and symptoms of clinical disease in the calves. The haemoglobin, packed cell volume (PCV), white blood cell (WBC) counts and serum Cu, Fe and Zn concentrations decreased after onset of the infection. The distribution and elimination half-lives (t1/2 alpha and t1/2 beta), volume of the central compartment (Vc), AUC0-infinity, AUMC and mean residence time (MRT), were significantly reduced (P < or = 0.05) and the hybrid rate constants K12, Kel, K12/K21 ratio and total body clearance (ClB) of oxytetracycline were significantly (P < or = 0.05) increased after infection. The infection, however, had no effect on the C0, K21, apparent and steady-state volumes of distribution (Vd(area) and Vdss) of the drug. The above changes may necessitate changes in the dosage regimen of oxytetracycline used to treat Theileria infections in cattle under field conditions.     

2013-2014年广西省主要猪病毒性传染病流行病学调查

为掌握广西猪主要病毒性传染病流行情况,为猪传染病预防方案提供依据,本研究于2013年1月1日至2014年12月31日从广西省共收集410份样品,运用PCR及RT-PCR方法检测猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)、猪圆环病毒2型(PCV-2)、猪瘟病毒(CSFV)、猪伪狂犬病毒(PRV)、猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)、传染性胃肠炎病毒(TGEV)、轮状病毒(PORV)、猪流感病毒(SIV)的感染情况。检测结果表明,PRRSV、PCV-2、CSFV、PRV、PEDV、TGEV、 PORV和SIV的平均感染率分别为35.12%、18.54%、1.17%、0.98%、10.00%、2.44%、0和1.22%;PRRSV和PCV-2混合感染率为6.83%;PRRSV在秋、冬季节呈现高感染率为36.67%、45.31%和63.64%、48.78%,而PCV-2在春、夏、冬季节呈现高感染率为44.44%、25.00%,11.29%、19.35%和39.39%、14.63%。PRRSV和PCV-2是混合感染的主要病原,它们互相之间或是与CSFV、PEDV、PRV、SIV及副猪嗜血杆菌、链球菌等混合感染,PRRSV和PCV-2将是今后广西地区猪病防控的重点。     

猪细环病毒的检测及与多种病原混合感染的调查分析

为了解细环病毒(Torque teno virus,TTV)在广西猪群中的感染情况,本研究运用Nest-PCR方法,对2009—2011年采自广西140个规模猪场的156份血液、流产胎儿及肺脏、脾脏、肾脏、肝脏、淋巴结等组织样品进行检测,并对阳性样品的非编码区(UTR)进行克隆测序及遗传进化分析;同时对部分样品进行猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)、典型猪瘟病毒(CSFV)、伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)检测及细菌的分离鉴定。结果发现,广西猪群中TTV总感染率达到93.6%,TTV2的感染率(76.9%)不仅明显高于TTV1(16.7%),且毒株间遗传变异较大。TTV多与PCV2和PRRSV混合感染,且以与PRRSV混合感染率更高(64.29%)。猪群中存在2重、3重,甚至4重TTV与其他病毒的混合感染。临床上TTV与细菌的混合感染(或细菌继发感染)以链球菌和副猪嗜血杆菌多见。本研究证实在广西猪群中存在TTV感染,且存在普遍的TTV与PRRSV、PCV2和CSFV混合感染。     

新疆南疆部分地方品种羊无浆体的分子检测与鉴定

为了解新疆南疆部分地方品种羊的无浆体感染情况和分子特征,用PCR法检测新疆南疆5种地方品种绵羊共100份血液DNA样本,发现无浆体总感染率为67.0％(67/100).以多浪羊感染率最高,为100％(20/20),和田羊感染率最低,为44.0％(11/25);散养和圈养羊的无浆体感染率分别为74.0％(37/50)和6...     

Nrf2通路对日本脑炎病毒感染小鼠神经瘤细胞引起氧化应激反应的影响

旨在研究Nrf2/HO-1通路在日本脑炎病毒(Japanese encephalitis virus, JEV)感染引起神经细胞损伤中的作用机制,本试验建立Nrf2激动剂叔丁基对苯二酚(tert-butylhydroquinone, TBHQ)处理JEV感染的小鼠神经瘤母N2a细胞的体外感染模型。N2a细胞四种处理分别为空白DMEM对照组(Control)、JEV感染组(JEV)、TBHQ处理组(TBHQ)、JEV感染+TBHQ处理组(JEV+TBHQ)。不同处理后观察细胞病变,检测ROS水平及MDA、SOD、CAT含量变化,利用qPCR和WB技术检测Nrf2、HO-1的mRNA和蛋白的表达,并通过免疫荧光法检测各组细胞Nrf2蛋白表达情况,以及炎性因子及病毒含量。结果显示,JEV感染N2a细胞后随着时间延长ROS水平逐渐升高,且在36 h ROS水平最高。JEV感染后36 h Nrf2、HO-1的mRNA均升高,炎性因子水平升高。JEV感染N2a细胞后细胞皱缩,胞膜破裂,ROS、MDA水平升高,SOD、CAT水平降低;用40μmol·L^-1 TBHQ处理6 h后...     

藏鸡和隐性白羽鸡感染柔嫩艾美耳球虫后免疫相关基因的表达变化分析

试验旨在从免疫遗传学的角度初步探讨藏鸡（TC）和隐性白羽鸡（RWC）对柔嫩艾美耳球虫（Eimeria tenella）易感性差异的分子机制,分别用1×10⁵个柔嫩艾美耳球虫孢子化卵囊感染对球虫具有抗性的藏鸡和易感的隐性白羽鸡。应用实时荧光定量PCR检测藏鸡和隐性白羽鸡感染前0 d和感染后第2、4、6和8天脾脏、盲肠、胸腺、法氏囊中γ-干扰素（IFN-γ）、白细胞介素-2（IL-2）、IL-16、Toll样受体（TLR3）和TLR15免疫相关基因的转录水平变化。结果显示,藏鸡脾脏IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-16及TLR3、TLR15免疫相关基因转录水平于感染后第4和8天明显上调,隐性白羽鸡则无明显变化。藏鸡盲肠IFN-γ转录水平在感染后第2天显著上调（P<0.05）,TLR3在感染后第4天起显著上调（P<0.05）,其余免疫相关基因变化幅度不大;隐性白羽鸡盲肠IFN-γ转录水平在感染后第8天显著上调（P<0.05）,IL-2在感染后第2天起显著上调（P<0.05）,IL-16在感染后第6天起显著上调（P<0.05）,TLR3在感染后第2和8天显著上调（P<0.05）,TLR15变化幅度不大。各免疫相关基因在2个品种鸡胸腺和法氏囊中均出现上调或下调,但除藏鸡法氏囊TLR3和TLR15转录水平变化幅度相对较大外,其余免疫相关基因与感染前相比变化幅度不大。以上结果显示,球虫感染主要导致藏鸡和隐性白羽鸡脾脏和盲肠中的各免疫相关基因出现显著变化,表明宿主的遗传背景在一定程度上可影响球虫感染的免疫应答。