济南市马鞍山路道路绿化景观模式分析研究

城市道路绿地是城市绿地系统的重要组成部分,是人们了解一个城市、感受城市景观特色与文化的重要窗口。作者通过对济南市马鞍山路道路绿化的实地调研,结合其道路性质及周边环境,分析现有绿化景观模式的优缺点,并给予相应的景观评价;针对目前济南市老城区道路绿化改建过程中行道树的选择、保护与移植等问题,探求适合该类城市道路绿化建设的景观模式。     

兰州市道路绿化植物的配置及选择原则

道路绿化作为城市设计中重要的一环,直接关系到城市的形象,兰州市的道路绿化通过带状或者块状的线性组合,使城市绿地连为一个整体,成为建筑景观、自然景观以及各种人工景观之间的软连接,因此道路绿化越来越被重视。城市道路的植物配置原则     

城市道路绿化设计浅谈——以晋中市榆次区为例

城市道路绿化是体现城市文明程度的重要标志之一,对晋中市榆次区城市生态建设中的道路绿化现状进行调查,提出了今后道路绿化设计建议,以促进城市景观发展,提升城市内涵。     

顺义区道路绿化现状及发展的思考

顺义区道路绿化形成"八横十纵"体系,绿化景观良好,绿化带保存相对完整。随着城市化的发展,该区道路绿化因建设时间较早,设计理念已落后于城市发展需求,绿化景观与全区整体环境不协调。基于此,提出改造顺义区道路绿化的发展建议,促进道路景观发展,改善生态环境,提升对外形象。     

结合自然特色打造岭南水乡道路绿化廊道——佛山一环高速路南线景观绿化效果评价

佛山一环南线景观绿化在满足交通安全、绿化功能的基础上，在自然特色上做文章，把道路绿化和周边岭南水乡景观特色融合起来，形成独具特色的道路绿化案例，为类似的城市干道绿化提供参考。     

灾后重建城市道路绿化景观建设分析

指出了在莫兰蒂台风中,城市绿化系统起着防灾抗灾的作用,同时也受到严重毁坏。灾后重建城市道路绿化景观是城市绿化景观建设中极为重要的一环,相比起其他绿地建设来说,灾后重建的道路绿化景观建设有着不同的特点。结合莫兰蒂台风后期的灾后道路绿化景观建设的实践,提出了灾后道路绿化景观建设应注意的问题,希望以此对灾后城市建设有所帮助。     

生态园林城市的建设与可持续发展探讨

指出了城市园林绿化景观对城市的发展起着举足轻重的作用,我国城市化的速度越来越快,面临的问题却很多,坚持走可持续发展的绿化景观建设道路非常必要。分析了目前城市化中的问题及我国绿化景观营造现状,提出了园林绿化景观的可持续发展必须坚持生态园林城市建设的观点,以及可持续发展的生态园林城市建设的一系列措施。     

武汉市黄陂区道路绿化的调查分析??

绿色是21世纪城市的生命和文明的标志。城市道路景观是城市景观的核心。随着城市的发展，人类对生存环境的要求越来越高，对道路服务水平也不断提高。城市道路绿化是城市园林绿化的重要组成部分，本文通过对武汉市黄陂区道路绿化树种、数量、分布、植物盖度、出现频度、绿化率、生长状况等现状进行调查，找出了黄陂区道路绿化存在的问题及不足，并提出了合理化的建议，以便为黄陂区的道路绿化、绿地建设和管理工作提供依据。     

宿迁城市道路绿化显和谐之美

近年来，江苏省宿迁市城市道路绿化在扩绿、增绿的同时，着力加强绿化景观建设，因路造绿，一路一景，道路景观日益成为城市景观的重要组成部分，显现出了别具特色的绿化景观效果。     

英山县茶叶产品的发展与品牌创建

摘要：绿色是21世纪城市的生命和文明的标志。城市道路景观是城市景观的核心。随着城市的发展,人类对生存环境的要求越来越高,对道路服务水平也不断提高。城市道路绿化是城市园林绿化的重要组成部分,本文通过对武汉市黄陂区道路绿化树种、数量、分布、植物盖度、出现频度、绿化率、生长状况等现状进行调查,找出了黄陂区道路绿化存在的问题及不足,并提出了合理化的建议,以便为黄陂区的道路绿化、绿地建设和管理工作提供依据。     

Browsing Damage on Pine (Pinus sylvestris and P. contorta) by a migrating moose (Alces alces) Population in Winter: Relation to Habitat Composition and Road Barriers

In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads.     

Effects of Root Freezing on the Physiology and Growth of Picea glauca,Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana Seedlings Under Different Soil Moisture Regimes

The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage.     

Stand Structure in Pine,Spruce and Deciduous Forests: A Comparison Between Finnish and Russian Karelia

This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland.     

Growth and Terminal Bud Formation in Picea abies Seedlings Grown with Alternating Diurnal Temperature and Different Light Qualities

The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions.     

CAD与建筑设计的关系

本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。     

Natural Regeneration in Clear-cuts: Effects of Scarification,Slash Removal and Clear-cut Age

The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided.     

Risk Perception Among Non-industrial Private Forest Owners

Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken.     

Interactions in decomposition and N mineralization between tropical legume residue components

In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts (stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea, largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols. Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its components are mixed.     

Pasture production and tree growth in a young pine plantation fertilized with inorganic fertilizers and milk sewage in northwestern Spain

The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization, (2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha⁻¹ target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha⁻¹. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea (Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m², with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral systems. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.