有机微量元素的应用研究

有机微量元素可分为金属络合物和螯合物两类。络合剂有蛋白质、氨基酸、糖、有机酸等天然有机物。金属络合物是由一个中心离子(或原子)如(Fe2 、Cu2 、Zn2 等)和配位体以共价键相结合所形成的复杂离子或分子。螯合物是一种特殊的络合物,是指一个或多个基团与一个金属离子进行配位反应而生成的具有环状结构的络合物。     

有机微量元素的研究应用进展

有机微量元素是发展较快的第三代新型微量元素添加剂，具有生物利用率高、化学结构稳定、增强免疫力、吸收率高利于环保等优点，是当前国内外研制和开发的热点。本文综述了有机微量元素的生化特性、功能作用、吸收机理、生产应用和研究进展。     

有机微量元素的研究应用进展

有机微量元素是发展较快的第三代新型微量元素添加剂,具有生物利用率高、化学结构稳定、增强免疫力、吸收率高利于环保,是当前国内外研制和开发的热点。本文综述了有机微量元素的生化特性、功能作用、吸收机理、生产应用和研究进展。     

有机微量元素的应用研究概况

有机微量元素是微量元素添加剂的第三代产品,具有生物利用率高,化学结构稳定,吸收率高、利于环保等特点,是当前国内外研制和开发的热点。现对有机微量元素的发展阶段、吸收机理．生化特性、生产应用做如下综述。     

有机微量元素的研究及应用进展

对氨基酸有机微量元素的定义、合成、生物学功能、作用机制及在实际生产中的应用进行综述,并对其应用前景进行探讨。     

有机螯合微量元素的应用

近年来,现代农场对微量元素的应用感兴趣。有机态的微量元素,正成为目前饲料行业的常用添加物。随着遗传学的进步与发展,现在奶牛对于微量元素的要求比以前更高。为满足奶牛持续增产的需求,生产者通常添加更多的无机矿物。然而,研究表明两倍量水平的硫酸铜或硫酸锌将会抑制动物对矿物元素的敏感度。微量元素参与机体多种功能、酶反应、能量与蛋白质代谢、上皮组织生长、维生素的转运与吸收、免疫系统及细胞修复与分化等生物学过程。     

有机微量元素的应用技术

有机微量元素是一类高效、安全、无残留、低污染的微量元素添加剂，从２０世纪６０年代开始研究，到７０年代由美国ALBION生物实验室首次研制成功（ironproteinate，蛋白铁）后，得到迅猛发展，世界上许多国家如美国、意大利、丹麦、荷兰等都在这一领域进行了深入研究，相继有数十种产品问世。美国饲料管理官员协会（MFCO）分别于１９８９年和１９９６年两次以官方出版物形式正式定义了几种有机微量元素。在我国，２０世纪８０年代中期开始进行有机微量元素的开发与应用研究，国内已有数家单位从事这方面的研究工作。１有机微量元素在畜…     

动物有机微量元素营养研究及应用新进展

<正>1必需微量元素营养的重要性必需微量元素对动物的营养需要量虽然很微小,但其作用大,不能被其他的营养素所替代。微量元素在动物体内主要通过大量酶或功能蛋白而发挥作用,因而其缺乏与过量都会对畜禽的代谢、健康和生产带来难以估量的严重不良影响,尤其是其亚临界缺乏与过量更易被人们忽略,危害更大。     

有机微量元素在养猪生产中的应用研究

有机微量元素(Organic Trace Minerals),是金属元素与蛋白质、小肽、氨基酸、有机酸、多糖衍生物等配位体通过共价键或离子键结合而形成的络合物或螯合物。有机微量元素的研究始于20世纪60年代,到70年代之后,世界上许多国家如美国、意大利、丹麦、荷兰等都在这一领域进行了深入研究,相继有数十种产品问世。我国研究此类产品始于20世纪80年代中期,经过多年努力探索,已有部分产品上市销售。有机微量元素由于其稳定性好、吸收利用率高、作用效果显著等优点,已大有取代无机微量元素盐(如硫酸盐)的趋势。本文将就有机微量元素在养猪生产中的应…     

动物有机微量元素营养研究及应用新进展

<正>(接上期)5预期优势及应用效果总结5.1预期优势与无机微量元素相比,真正高效有机微量元素具有以下预期优势:吸收利用率高,对维生素等无拮抗和破坏作用,多重营养功能,适口性好,稳定性好,增强免疫力,性价比高,绿色环保,提升饲料产品整体品质和应用效果。5.2应用效果有机微量元素对畜禽的应该效果表现为对畜禽生产性能、产品品质、抗应激、机体免疫功能等生物学效应以及生物学利用率等方面的影响。但我们总     

有机微量元素对母猪生产性能的影响研究

母猪在生产年限内保持较高的生产水平是农场获利的保障 ,因此满足其各种营养素的需要至关重要。微量元素的添加量虽小 ,但对母猪整个生殖过程都有极重要的影响 ,因此生物学效价高的有机微量元素应用于母猪的研究受到重视。本文对近年来有机微量元素对繁殖母猪生产性能影响的研究作一综述。1　现代繁殖母猪的饲养需加强微量元素营养母猪在妊娠期限饲 ,微量元素在体内储备较低 ,加之现代育种要求母猪高产 ,使母猪在泌乳期很难采食足够的营养素来满足生产的需要。母猪经过几个胎次的生产 ,体内微量元素含量总体有降低趋势 ,加强母猪微量元素营…     

有机微量元素在畜禽生产中的研究与应用

有机微量元素是发展较快的第三代新型微量元素添加剂,生物利用率高,化学结构稳定,增强免疫力,吸收率高利于环保,是当前国内外研制和开发的热点。有机微量元素的研究推动了无机微量元素向有机微量元素发展在动物营养中的应用,比无机矿物有较高的生物利用效价,可提高畜禽采食量、     

Effects of dietary organic and inorganic trace mineral levels on sow reproductive performances and daily mineral intakes over six parities

Dietary trace mineral sources and levels were fed to developing gilts to evaluate their performance responses during the growth phase, but treatments were continued into the reproductive phase in which subsequent reproductive responses were evaluated. In Exp. 1, three groups of gilts (n = 216) were used in a 2 x 2 factorial in a randomized complete block design (6 replicates) with treatment diets initially fed at 30 kg of BW. The first factor was trace mineral source (organic or inorganic), whereas the second factor evaluated dietary levels. The NRC requirement was the first level evaluated, whereas the second level was formulated to average industry standards (IND). Organic trace minerals were mineral proteinates, whereas the inorganic minerals were provided in salt form. The results of Exp. 1 indicated that trace mineral source or level did not affect gilt growth or feed performance responses to 110 kg of BW. Experiment 2 continued with the same females but was a 2 x 3 factorial in a split-plot design using 3 groups of females over a 6-parity period and had a total of 375 farrowings. Factors in Exp. 2 were the same as in Exp. 1, except that 2 additional pens of gilts during their development had been fed the IND level trace mineral levels of both trace mineral sources. At breeding, the gilts from these 2 additional pens were continued on the same trace mineral source and level but fed greater dietary Ca and P levels (IND + Ca:P). Litters were standardized by 3 d postpartum within each farrowing. Sows fed organic trace minerals farrowed more (P < 0.05) total (12.2 vs. 11.3) and live pigs (11.3 vs. 10.6) compared with sows fed inorganic trace minerals. Sows fed the IND + Ca:P level tended to have fewer (P < 0.10) total pigs born for both trace mineral sources. Litter birth weights were heavier (P < 0.05) when sows were fed organic trace minerals, but individual piglet weights were similar. Nursing pig ADG tended to be greater (P < 0.10) when sows were fed organic trace minerals. Other sow reproductive traits (BW, feed intake, and rebreeding interval) were not affected by trace mineral source or level. Daily mineral intake increased by parity but declined when trace mineral intakes were expressed on an amount per kilogram of BW and declined during later lactations. These results suggest that feeding sows organic trace minerals may improve sow reproductive performance, but there were minimal effects on other reproductive measurements.     

Effects of a long-acting, trace mineral, reticulorumen bolus on range cow productivity and trace mineral profiles

The objectives were to determine if strategic supplementation of range cows with a long-acting (6 mo), trace mineral, reticulorumen bolus containing Cu, Se, and Co would: (1) increase cow BCS and BW, and calf birth, weaning, and postweaning weights, or weight per day of age (WDA); (2) increase liver concentrations of Cu or Zn in cows, or blood Se, Cu, or Zn concentrations in cows and calves; and (3) vary by cow breed for any of these response variables. There were 192 control and 144 bolused Composite cows (C; 25% Hereford, Angus, Gelbevieh, and Senepol or Barzona); 236 control and 158 bolused Hereford (H) cows; and 208 control and 149 bolused Brahman cross (B) cows used in a 3-yr experiment. Cows were weighed and scored for body condition in January, May, and September, and all bolused cows received boluses in January. Each year, from among the 3 breed groups a subset of 15 control and 15 bolused cows (n = 90) had samples obtained in January and May for liver Cu and Zn, blood Se, and serum Cu and Zn. As for cows, blood and serum from the calves of these cows were sampled each year in May and September for Cu, Se, and Zn. There was a significant breed x year x treatment interaction (P = 0.001) for cow weight loss from January to May. Calf WDA, weaning, and postweaning weights did not differ (P > 0.40) between bolused and control cows, but there was a significant (P = 0.022) breed x year x treatment interaction for birth weight. Liver Cu was deficient (< 75 ppm; P < 0.001) in control cows and adequate (< 75 to 90 ppm) for bolused cows. Liver Cu differed by year (P < 0.001). Blood Se was adequate (< 0.1 ppm) for all cows except in January 2001 and 2002. There was no difference (P > 0.50) in blood Se between treatment groups in January, but bolused cows had greater (P < 0.01) blood Se in May. Breed differences for blood Se concentrations existed for bolused cows, with B having greater (P < 0.05) blood Se than either C or H cows. Breed differences also existed for control cows, with H having less blood Se (P < 0.04) than B or C cows. Calves from bolused cows had greater blood Se than calves from control cows (P = 0.01). Supplementation via a long-acting trace mineral bolus was successful in increasing liver Cu in cows and blood Se in cows and calves, but the responses varied by year. Bolus administration had variable effects on BW change in early lactation, depending on breed and year, which may indicate the need for breed- and year-specific supplementation programs.     

矿物质、微量元素对绒山羊的影响

矿物质元素是绒山羊正常生产发育所必须的,在机体内应保持正常的含量水平才能充分发挥绒山羊的生产性能,生产者应根据当地的实际     

微量元素缺乏对动物生殖机能的影响

很多研究表明,硒、锌、铜、铁等微量元素对动物生殖机能有重要影响,为了在畜牧生产中科学合理地补充微量元素,现就各种微量元素的作用及其对动物生殖机能的影响分述如下.     

The effects of withdrawal of vitamin and trace mineral supplements from layer diets on egg yield and trace mineral composition

1. This study was conducted as three trials. 2. In the first trial, zinc, manganese, copper and iron concentrations were determined in dietary raw materials collected from various regions of Turkey. 3. In the second trial, 200 Hisex Brown laying hens, 30 weeks of age, were divided into two groups. The first group served as controls and were fed on a standard commercial layer diet. The second group were fed on a commercial layer diet that was not supplemented with trace minerals and vitamins. Egg production, egg weight, specific gravity, food consumption and food efficiency of the birds in each group were determined. In the unsupplemented group, egg production (0.75 vs 0.83) and food intake (114 vs 122 g) were lower than the those of the control group (P < 0.05). Food efficiency was 2.42 (kg food/kg gain) in the group consuming the unsupplemented diet and 2.36 in the controls. 4. In the third trial, as in Trial 2, Hisex Brown laying hens, 62 weeks of age were used. In the unsupplemented group, the mean egg weight was significantly lower than that of controls (68.0 vs 69.6 g) (P < 0.01). 5. At the end of the second and third trials, egg samples collected from experimental groups were hard boiled in water. The levels of zinc, manganese, copper and iron in the egg yolk were determined. The zinc level of the egg yolk from the control group of second trial was higher (23.5 mg/kg) than those of the unsupplemented group (13.6 mg/kg).     

饲料矿物质微量元素生物学效价评定的研究

随着生物学、生物化学、环境卫生学、动物营养学等学科的迅速发展,微量元素与动物生产、健康、疾病的关系越来越密切。例如,微量元素参与人和动物体内50％-70％的酶的构成,组成体内重要的载体和电子传递系统,参与体内激素和维生素的合成Ⅲ等。畜牧业上．矿物质微量元素添加剂的作用日益受到人们的重视．并广泛地应用于动物生产上,取得了很好的效果。但是,随着这种掭加剂的广泛应用,畜禽粪便中的矿物质含量过高,给环境带来了污染,     

小肽促进微量元素吸收的研究进展

微量元素添加剂产品的发展经历了3个阶段．第一代产品是无机盐类微量元素添加剂,如硫酸亚铁、硫酸锌、氧化锌、硫酸铜和硫酸锰等。但这类无机盐添加剂稳定性差,对动物胃肠刺激性大．消化吸收率低,因而研究者开发出了第二代微量元素产品。第二代微量元素添加剂为简单有机酸盐类,如葡萄糖酸、柠檬酸和富马酸等微量元素盐类．但也存在稳定性差、受肠内容物干扰大等缺点．吸收利用率并不高。近年来发展的第三代微量元素添加剂氨基酸螯合盐（AAC）克服了前两类产品的弊端,微量元素能以游离氨基酸（FAA）为载体,具有抗干扰力强、稳定性好、易吸收等优点．其生物效价为无机盐类添加剂的2～3倍。小肽（SP,主要是二肽、三肽）吸收理论已被人们所接受,与氨基酸（AA）的吸收相比,具有吸收快、不易饱和、耗能低,且与FAA的吸收无竞争等特点。因此,不少研究者将目光转向了第四代微量元素添加剂——小肽螫合盐（SPC）。该类产品可依靠小肽独特的吸收体系促进微量元素的吸收。     

猪饲料中必需微量元素的盈缺对猪生长发育的影响

试验采用不同剂量的必需微量元素和预混料饲喂各年龄段猪,随机选择体重在10～25kg、25～60kg、60～90kg的猪各60头,每个体重价段分成6组,每组10头,对照组只喂预混料,试验各组饲喂不同剂量的必需微量元素和预混料,其它管理完全相同,试验期42d。结果表明,在猪10～25kg阶段补充必需微量元素后效果显著,试验组比对照组增重提高38.43%～65.89%,差异极显著(P<0.01);在猪25～60kg阶段补充必需微量元素也可取得较好效果,试验组比对照组增重提高22.34%～48.66%,差异显著(P<0.05);在猪60～90kg阶段补充必需微量元素后效果不明显,试验组比对照组增重提高9.47%～22.92%。同时,各试验阶段补充不同剂量的必需微量元素后粪便中必需微量元素残留量也成倍增加。