One-trial interhemispheric transfer of a learning engram

By using spreading depression to decorticate temporarily one hemisphere in rats, a learning trace was established in the opposite functional hemisphere. Spontaneous transfer of the engram from the trained hemisphere to the untrained hemisphere does not occur when both hemispheres are functional. If, however, the animal was allowed to make one reinforced response, complete transfer of the engram to the untrained hemisphere occurred.     

Anaerobic dormancy quantified in artemia embryos: a calorimetric test of the control mechanism

Continuous measurement of heat dissipation from brine shrimp embryos during reversible transitions from aerobic development to anaerobic dormancy demonstrates a primary role for intracellular pH(pH(i))in this metabolic switching. Artificially elevating the depressed pH(i) during anoxia by adding ammonia markedly reactivates metabolism, as judged by increases in heat dissipation, trehalose catabolism, and the ratio of adenosine triphosphate to adenosine diphosphate. Energy flow during anaerobic dormancy is suppressed to 2.4 percent of aerobic values, which is the lowest percentage thus far reported for euryoxic animals. Use of diguanosine tetraphosphate stores cannot account for this observed heat dissipation. Thus, mobilizing trace amounts of trehalose may explain the energy metabolism during quiescence.     

蚬壳花椒营养器官解剖结构及其生物碱分布

采用石蜡切片和组织化学定位法对蚬壳花椒营养器官的解剖结构及生物碱的分布进行研究.结果表明,蚬壳花椒根的初生木质部有三原型和四原型;幼茎表面有表皮毛和腺体,茎内含少量分泌囊和结晶;叶上、下表皮细胞结构差异显著,上表皮细胞较大,有一分泌囊紧接下表皮.生物碱组织化学定位显示,茎中生物碱主要存在于周皮、次生木质部的射线细胞及髓部细胞内;根中生物碱大量存在于周皮、次生韧皮部及次生木质部的射线细胞中;叶片中不含生物碱.采用HPLC法测定根、茎、叶及生药中的主要有效生物碱的含量,根中主要有效生物碱含量比茎中含量高.     

浅谈犬胃切开术方法

为改进、完善犬胃切开术各个环节的技术,从而提高手术的成功率.对犬进行麻醉、保定、术部处理、切开腹壁、切开胃壁、清除胃内异物、关闭胃壁切口、关闭腹腔及进行术后护理,手术均取得成功.文章探讨犬胃切开术及术后护理为犬胃切开术的成功提供参考.     

Renin secretion: an anatomical basis for tubular control

By means of electron microscopy of serial sections and three-dimensional reconstruction of the juxtaglomerular apparatus a quantitative study has been made of the distribution of the areas of contact between the tubular and vascular components. Of the two arterioles the efferent is the only one consistently in contact with the distal tubule. The extraglomerular mesangium is also in contact with the distal tubule in all the apparatuses examined. Two morphologically distinct types of contact are described; one is thought to be permanent and the other reversible. An analysis of the cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus for their position, granularity, and contact has revealed that the majority of granular cells are not in contact with the distal tubule. The anatomical findings are integrated in a model of the control of renin secretion based on variations in contact between the elements of the juxtaglomerular apparatus.     

一例畸型鸡的解剖学观察

对畸型鸡进行了体表观察、肌肉观察、胸腹骨盆腔观察及骨骼观察     

青藏高原草地植物叶解剖特征

运用常规石蜡制片技术对我国青藏高原66种草地植物优势种的叶解剖特征进行研究,并分析了叶解剖特征与海拔、生长季降水及生长季均温之间的关系.结果表明:青藏高原草地植物叶片具有很多适应高寒环境的结构特征,如表皮层厚且表皮细胞大小差异显著,表皮毛等表皮附属物发达,异细胞丰富,通气组织普遍发达等;叶片各组成部分厚度的变异程度不同,其中海绵组织厚度变异最大,其次为上角质层、下表皮层、下角质层、上表皮层、栅栏组织,叶片厚度的变异最小;青藏高原草地植物叶片各组成部分的厚度存在协同进化,上下角质层厚度呈强烈正相关,海绵组织厚度与叶片厚度相关性最强;青藏高原草地植物叶片各组成部分的厚度与海拔、生长季降水、生长季均温3个重要环境变量呈较弱的相关性,总体表现为随海拔升高叶片各组成部分的厚度减小,而随生长季降水和生长季均温的增加叶片厚度增加.     

Hormonal control of the anatomical specificity of motoneuron-to-muscle innervation in rats

Motoneurons of the spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus innervate bulbocavernosus muscles in male rats. Adult female rats normally lack both the spinal nucleus and its target muscles. Prenatal treatment of females with testosterone propionate resulted in adults having, like males, both the spinal nucleus and its target muscles. However, prenatal treatment with dihydrotestosterone propionate preserves the muscles but not the motoneurons. This paradoxical condition might result from (i) bulbocavernosus muscles without innervation; (ii) muscles innervated by morphologically unrecognizable motoneurons; (iii) muscles innervated by a very few spinal nucleus cells, each innervating many bulbocavernosus fibers; or (iv) muscles innervated by motoneurons outside their normal anatomical locus in the spinal nucleus. The results of retrograde marker injections into the bulbocavernosus muscles of females treated with androgen refute the first three possibilities and confirm the last: the different androgen treatments result in anatomically distinct spinal motor nuclei innervating bulbocavernosus muscles.     

硬头黄竹主要解剖特征的研究

采用显微图像分析方法,对硬头黄竹主要解剖特征进行研究,为提高建筑用丛生竹资源高附加值加工利用水平提供依据。结果发现,硬头黄竹薄壁细胞、纤维、导管及筛管比量分别为45.5%、32.3%、7.0%和2.2%;纤维直径、双壁厚、腔径、长度、长宽比、壁腔比和腔径比分别为20.271 μm、16.178 μm、4.092 μm、1 901.775 μm、103.913、5.715和0.193;硬头黄竹维管束径向直径、弦向直径及密度分别为762.978 μm、640.210 μm和1.686个·mm^-2。     

粉藤主要解剖特征的研究

为了更好的对棕榈藤材进行开发和加工利用,以粉藤为研究对象,采用显微图像分析方法对其组织比量、纤维、维管束及导管形态特征进行研究。结果发现,粉藤薄壁组织、导管、纤维筛管比量值分别为34.7%、32.3%、26.9%和6.1%;纤维长度、直径、双壁厚、腔径和长宽比分别为1 425.0μm、16.4μm、11.0μm、5μm和87.9;维管束的径向、弦向尺寸和密度分别为556.1μm、519.4μm和3.6个·mm~(-2);后生木质部大导管分子长度、直径和密度分别为2 089.7μm、296.2μm和3.8个·mm~(-2)。粉藤材质与玛瑙省藤相当,是一种优良的藤种。     

牛皮杜鹃植株解剖结构的研究

在前人对杜鹃花研究的基础上,以长白山野生牛皮杜鹃(Rhododendron Chrysanthum Pall)为材料,采用常规石蜡切片法对根、茎、叶、花、果实及种子的解剖结构进行观察研究.     

水培红豆杉根的形态解剖

采用石蜡切片技术和光学显微技术,对生长在土壤中和水生环境中红豆杉根进行形态与解剖结构比较研究。结果表明,水培红豆杉经诱导后生出了大量不定根组成的新根系。新生气生根外观稍细,表皮排列较紧密,具有较为明显的角质层,表面密被细长的根毛;水生根外观稍粗,表皮细胞角质层不清楚,根毛较稀疏且短。水生根的皮层细胞层次较气生根略多。气生根与水生根中央的维管柱,初生木质部与初生韧皮部束数与土生根类似,均为2束,但细胞组成较少,结构明显简单。水培红豆杉的根次生生长发生较迟,次生生长与次生结构均较弱,表皮脱落被一两层周皮所代替,而皮层保留时间较长。     

5种野生牡丹叶片的解剖学特征

用植物组织离析法和石蜡切片技术对5种野生牡丹成熟叶片的表皮细胞形态和横切面结构特征进行比较研究.结果表明,5种野生牡丹叶片均属于异面叶,由外到内依次包括表皮、叶肉和叶脉3个部分.表皮细胞由一层排列紧密的方形或长方形细胞构成,外被角质膜,气孔器分布于下表皮;栅栏组织和海绵组织特征存在种间特异性;中脉及其外围基本组织分化形成的薄壁组织和机械组织发达程度存在差异.从顶面观,表皮细胞呈多边形或者不规则形,细胞壁呈平直状、浅波状或波状.从植物的生态习性来看,叶片的结构特征表明5种野生牡丹属于中生植物类型,同时叶片的结构特征也为野生牡丹种群鉴别及实际栽培过程中的良种选育提供参考.     

杞柳秆茎主要解剖特征的变异研究

利用体视显微测量技术对杞柳秆茎主要解剖构造进行研究,为杞柳材其他性能的研究及应用提供基础数据和理论指导。结果表明,杞柳纤维、导管和射线比量分别为71.04%、21.48%和7.48%,沿径向变异均不显著。导管弦向直径、径向直径和导管密度分别为37.41μm、46.02μm和155.86个·mm-2,沿径向和纵向变异均显著;导管径弦比为1.26,在径向,差异不显著而纵向差异显著。纤维长度、宽度、双壁厚、壁腔比和长宽比分别为406.80μm、19.53μm、7.66μm、0.64和21.45,径向变异均显著,而纵向变异不显著;纤维腔径比和腔径分别为0.59和11.73μm,沿径向和纵向差异均不显著。     

Foraminifera: distribution of provinces in the Western north atlantic

All published distributional data on recent benthic foraminifera of the North American Atlantic continental margin were archived into computerized catalogs. Cluster analysis of these data delimited seven large, marginally overlapping provinces exhibiting a congruous relationship with western North Atlantic water masses. The single major latitudinal faunal change occurs at Cape Hatteras.     

Environmental applications of the weibull distribution function: oil pollution

The Weibull distribution function appears to be a powerful tool for the statistical analysis and interpretation of environmental pollution data. To illustrate its potential, the method is applied to a variety of oil pollution topics. Other application are suggested.     

金鱼草叶序变化的形态解剖学研究

采用石蜡切片法,对金鱼草在生长发育过程中主茎上不同节位的顶芽作了形态和解剖方面的观察研究。结果显示,金鱼草主茎第1～6节位生长锥形成对生叶原基,展开后为交互对生叶序,叶片呈卵形至椭圆形;第7节位,24.4%的生长锥产生对生叶原基,形成对生叶序,75.6%的生长锥单侧产生互生叶原基,形成互生叶序;第8节位,84.0%的生长锥产生互生叶原基,形成互生叶序;至第9节位起生长锥全为单侧产生互生叶原基,形成互生叶序,叶片变成狭长形的披针形。表明金鱼草主茎第7～8节位是其叶序由对生向互生转变的节位。自第13节位后主茎顶芽顶端生长停止,变为花芽而开花,最迟至第17节位止。对生叶序状态下未见有开花者。在主茎顶芽变为花芽后,侧芽也相继活动,形成花芽,陆续开花。     

玉竹花解剖学研究

用常规石蜡切片法对玉竹的花器进行解剖学研究,结果表明,玉竹花由6个花被、6个雄蕊和3个合心皮雌蕊组成;花被的解剖结构由表皮、基本组织和维管束组成;花药具备4个花粉囊,成熟花粉属2-细胞型;花柱为空心型花柱,胚珠属倒生胚珠,为薄珠心类型,具有珠心喙.