红腹柄天牛危害与寄主树种的关系

探讨红腹柄天牛危害与罗浮栲、甜槠、细柄阿丁枫3种树种的树皮形态特征、木材含水量、容积重、硬度的关系,结果表明:红腹柄天牛的危害与寄主树皮的粗糙程度有着密切的关系,罗浮栲和甜槠树皮粗糙,适宜于红腹柄天牛成虫产卵,其中罗浮栲有虫株率高达90%,甜槠有虫株率为70%,重度危害;而细柄阿丁枫树皮光滑,有虫株率只有10%,轻度危害。寄主树种的木材基本容积重和含水率均与红腹柄天牛的危害没有直接相关。鲜材、干材硬度高的树种不易受红腹柄天牛的危害,甜槠、罗浮栲材质硬度明显低于细柄阿丁枫,受害较重;同一树种中材质较硬的植株被害程度更轻。     

柳树化学成分与光肩星天牛危害相关分析

通过对不同柳树化学成分的分析,柳树韧皮部可溶性糖含量与光肩星天牛Anoplophora gla-bripennis Motsch产卵刻槽数、卵孵化数、越冬幼虫存活数显著正相关,木质部可溶性糖含量与光肩星天牛越冬幼虫存活率显著正相关.柳树韧皮部可溶性蛋白质含量与光肩星天牛越冬幼虫存活率显著正相关,木质部可溶性蛋白质含量与产卵刻槽数、卵孵化数、越冬幼虫存活数显著负相关.柳树韧皮部单宁含量与光肩星天牛卵孵化率呈极显著负相关,木质部单宁含量与光肩星天牛越冬幼虫存活率呈显著负相关关系.取食不同柳树的光肩星天牛羧酸酯酶与光肩星天牛越冬幼虫存活数之间相关关系较为密切,但达不到显著水平.     

柳树单宁含量与光肩星天牛危害的关系

根据光肩星天牛的发生规律,通过对不同柳树品系木质部和韧皮部在生长期与休眠期单宁含量的变化规律的分析,研究了柳树中次生代谢物质单宁含量与青杨天牛危害的关系。利用香草醛比色法测定单宁,在柳树休眠期,光肩星天牛危害率与各部分单宁含量相关性不强,在柳树生长期,被害率与被害韧皮部、被害木质部显示较强的负相关性;无论是树木休眠期还是生长期,各柳树品系韧皮部单宁含量均明显大于木质部含量,危害后,除黄柳之外单宁含量有所增加;树木休眠期与生长期的韧皮部、木质部单宁含量差异显著;不同树种间韧皮部与木质部单宁含量差异均显著;健康木与被害木无论是韧皮部还是木质部差异均显著。说明单宁含量增高,抑制虫害能力增强,可视单宁为树种抗虫的一个因素。     

马尾松不同家系营养物质含量与松突圆蚧抗性的关系

测定马尾松家系中未受松突圆蚧危害植株与受害植株针叶中可溶性糖、总糖、可溶性蛋白、全N、游离氨基酸、粗脂肪等营养物质的含量,探讨营养物质含量与马尾松对松突圆蚧抗性的关系。结果表明:1)高抗家系全N含量低于中抗和低抗家系;2)受松突圆蚧危害的诱导,针叶可溶性糖和总糖含量降低,此诱导反应与家系对松突圆蚧的抗性无关;3)可溶性蛋白、全N含量和游离氨基酸总量也因松突圆蚧的危害而降低,但这一诱导反应与家系对松突圆蚧的抗性有关,高抗家系降低量大于低抗家系,导致高抗家系受害植株中这几类营养物质的含量低于低抗家系;4)高抗家系受害植株针叶中除精氨酸外的16种氨基酸含量低于低抗家系;5)粗脂肪含量和总糖/全N与马尾松对松突圆蚧的抗性无关。     

柳树还原糖含量与光肩星天牛危害的关系

利用3,5-二硝基水杨酸比色法检测还原糖,检测结果为无论是树木休眠期还是生长期,韧皮部还原糖含量均明显大于木质部含量。休眠期,不同柳树品系韧皮部的还原糖含量除黄柳被害后增加外,其余品种均有所减少,木质部还原糖含量被害前后变化无规律。不同品种间的还原糖含量差异显著,各品系韧皮部与木质部间差异显著,健康与被害树种之间差异不显著。生长期,除糖槭之外,各品系无论是韧皮部还是木质部,还原糖含量均有所增加。不同品种间的还原糖含量差异显著,各品系韧皮部与木质部间差异显著,健康与被害树种之间差异显著。无论是休眠期还是生长期,韧皮部以及木质部的还原糖含量与柳树被害率均无紧密相关性。     

刚竹毒蛾危害对毛竹叶片糖和蛋白质含量的影响

在宜宾市长宁县毛竹林中有代表性的地段设置样地,抽取样株,按刚竹毒蛾危害程度的不同在东、西、东、北方向分别取样全部叶片,带回室内测定竹叶中糖及蛋白质含量。结果表明,不同受害程度毛竹叶片可溶性糖、总糖与蛋白质含量均有显著差异,未受害叶含量最高,重度受害叶含量最低。     

栗瘿蜂危害下不同板栗品种黄酮含量的动态变化

对栗瘿蜂危害与未受害板栗叶片和韧皮部黄酮含量进行了测定分析,发现不同品种板栗受害后叶片中黄酮含量的动态变化与栗瘿蜂的发生、发育密切相关,抗虫品种与感虫品种间黄酮含量有显著差异。对于不同品种板栗,受害板栗韧皮部与未受害板栗叶片、韧皮部黄酮含量的动态变化均无明显的规律性。     

核桃砧、穗直径与内含物质含量关系研究

测定了不同直径核桃接穗、砧木的主要内含物质含量,并分析了砧、穗直径与内含物质间的关系,以便为核桃砧、穗质量与嫁接成活之间的关系研究提供理论依据。结果表明:接穗中大部分内含物质含量与直径呈负相关关系,随着接穗直径的增长,木质部和韧皮部中可溶性糖、淀粉、可溶性蛋白质、氨基酸含量都表现出下降趋势,其中韧皮部淀粉、可溶性蛋白质和氨基酸含量最为明显,与接穗直径的相关系数分别为-0.784、-0.822和-0.813,达极显著水平;接穗木质部和韧皮部中含水率总体表现为随直径增大而增加的趋势,但钾、钙、镁含量在木质部与韧皮部中表现不同,在木质部中总体呈现下降趋势,在韧皮部中总体呈现上升趋势。砧木主要内含物质含量与直径呈正相关关系,随着砧木直径的增加,木质部和韧皮部中可溶性糖、淀粉、可溶性蛋白质、氨基酸含量也随之增加,其中砧木直径与韧皮部和木质部可溶性糖、氨基酸,以及木质部可溶性蛋白质含量的相关系数分别为0.818、0.858、0.868、0.972和0.767,达极显著水平;而氮、磷、钾、镁含量则呈现下降趋势。     

虫害诱导的杨树不同品种次生代谢产物季节变化规律

根据青杨天牛的发生规律,在3月、6月、9月及12月对不同品种杨树木质部和韧皮部主要次生代谢产物含量的变化规律进行分析,研究次生代谢产物含量与青杨天牛危害的关系,结果表明:不同品种杨树对青杨天牛的抗性差异显著,其抗性从强到弱的顺序为白林3号杨、小青黑杨、群众杨、晚花杨、黄快杨;在幼虫危害期(6月),各品种杨树木质部和韧皮部中的单宁、总酚及黄酮含量均高于幼虫越冬末期(3月),表明杨树在与害虫长期协同进化的过程中,能够通过不断调节次生代谢产物的含量以抵御昆虫的侵害。     

新疆杨树天牛治理对策与防治技术

1新疆杨树天牛及其危害 新疆危害杨树的天牛种类有黄斑星天牛、青杨天牛、山杨楔天牛等,上述三种天牛均为自治区补充森林植物检疫对象。由于各地自然、地理差异不同,发生的天牛种类不同,其中危害主干类有黄斑星天牛、山杨楔天牛。危害枝梢的有青杨天牛。天牛均以幼虫蛀孔隐藏在树皮下和木质部进行危害。卵孵化后,初孵幼虫首先取食卵槽边缘的腐烂变黑的韧皮部及形成层,逐步向干、枝横向取食木质部表层,三龄以后逐渐蛀入木质部内,钻蛀成S形U形等不规则的坑道。     

松突圆蚧危害对马尾松针叶主要营养物质的影响

通过对被松突圆蚧不同程度危害的马尾松针叶内主要营养物质的测定,表明受害马尾松针叶内总糖和可溶性糖含量随着危害程度的加重先降低后增加;氨基酸含量随着危害程度的加重而下降。研究表明,马尾松针叶内主要营养物质的含量与松突圆蚧的不同危害程度有显著的相关性。     

Environmental and physiological controls over oxygen and carbon isotope composition of Tasmanian blue gum, Eucalyptus globulus

We measured oxygen isotope ratios (delta18O) of xylem sap, phloem sap, leaves, wood and bark of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. growing in southwestern Australia. Carbon isotope ratios (delta13C) were measured in the dry matter of phloem sap, leaves and wood. Results were used to test several aspects of a mechanistic model of 18O enrichment and provided insights into post-photosynthetic variations in dry matter delta13C. Xylem water delta18O varied little within the tree crown, whereas variation at the landscape-level was more pronounced, with plantations near the coast being enriched by up to 3 per thousand compared with plantations less than 100 km inland. Phloem water was significantly enriched in 18O compared with xylem water in two of three sampling campaigns; mean enrichments were 0.5 and 0.8 per thousand. Phloem sap sugars exported from E. globulus leaves closely reflected observed leaf water enrichment when diurnal variation in photosynthesis was taken into account. Photosynthetic rates were higher in the morning than in the afternoon, whereas leaf water 18O enrichment increased to maximum values in the afternoon. A non-steady-state model of leaf water 18O enrichment accurately predicted observed values through a full diel cycle. Mean estimates of the proportion of organic oxygen effectively exchanging with xylem water during cellulose synthesis were close to 0.40 for both leaves and wood. Carbon isotope ratios of nascent xylem tissues did not differ from those of phloem sap sugars collected concurrently, whereas nascent leaf tissues were depleted in 13C by 2 per thousand compared with phloem sap sugars, suggesting that, in E. globulus, 13C enrichment of sink tissues compared with source leaves does not result from an enriching process within the sink tissue.     

六星吉丁虫在柑桔上的发生规律及其防治

通过对危害柑桔的吉丁虫进行发生规律和防治对策的研究，结果表明：在街州柑桔上为害的吉丁虫与山杜英上为害的吉丁虫为同一种。该虫在衙州1a发生1～2代，以老熟幼虫侵入木质部筑蛹室休眠越冬或以低龄幼虫在韧皮部越冬。木质部休眠越冬幼虫4月底至5月化蛹，1代成虫主要集中在6月上旬至中旬，是主高峰；8月底、9月出现2代成虫，是次高峰。7月是1代幼虫为害高峰，9月后多有生活史重叠。该虫危害柑桔枝干，蛀食其韧皮部，初为害时部分枝干会出现流胶，后期造成树皮爆裂，皮层缺损或枝枯。提出了采取营林措施、检疫措施、人工、生物、化学防治等防治措施。     

生长季红松不同部位单宁含量变化规律1）

对生长季不同月份红松不同部位单宁的含量进行了研究。红松当年生叶和宿生叶单宁含量呈稳步上升的规律,韧皮部单宁含量呈有波动的上升趋势,木质部单宁含量与叶类似呈稳步上升的规律,均在9月份达到最大;枯落叶单宁含量未呈现明显规律,各月份之间差异不大;红松各部分单宁含量为韧皮部＞老叶＞当年叶＞木质部。     

Effect of sweetpotato whitefly, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bemisia tabaci</Emphasis> (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) infestation on eggplant (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Solanum melongena</Emphasis> L.) leaf

The nature of damage of sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) B biotype was investigated at the vegetative stage on eggplant (Solanum melongena L., family Solanasae, variety Baiyu) under laboratory conditions (temperature 25 ± 1°C, RH 70 ± 10% and photoperiod 12 h L:12 h D). The investigations were carried out after completing one generation of whitefly on the basis of morphology, physiology and anatomy of eggplant leaf. Significant differences were observed on three morphological parameters—leaf area, leaf fresh weight, and leaf dry weight. The reduction percentages of these three parameters were 26.6, 21.8 and 19.27%, respectively. Significant differences were also observed on two physiological parameters—chlorophyll content and rate of photosynthesis. The reduction percentages of these two parameters were 9.7 and 65.9%, respectively. There were no damaged tissue observed in the epidermis and mesophyll, but there were some damage tissue observed in the vascular bundle of infested leaf. There were no damaged vascular bundles observed in the control leaves. The non-damaged vascular bundles contained both xylem and phloem; while some damaged vascular bundles contained either xylem or phloem. Associated with the non-damaged vascular bundles on whitefly infested leaves were two settled whitefly nymphs apparently deriving nutrition from phloem sap. After one generation of whitefly infestation, the number of damaged and non-damaged vascular bundles of eggplant leaf was significantly different.     

竹卵圆蝽危害竹的养分变化

竹卵圆蝽(Hippota dorsalis(Stal))是毛竹主要害虫之一,它的发生往往给竹林带来毁灭性的危害。毛竹受其危害后从下轮枝梢开始落叶,最后整株落叶枯死。为了解毛竹受害后体内的生化变化,探讨被害竹死亡原因,对受害程度不同的植株的碳、氮营养状况进行了研究。     

Anatomical and cellular responses of Pinus monticola stem tissues to invasion by Cronartium ribicola

White pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola) causes extensive damage to white pines and their associated ecosystems across North America. The anatomical and cellular characteristics of C. ribicola colonization in Pinus monticola branch and stem tissues were studied as a basis for understanding host tree reactions that may be related to resistance. Samples examined showed typical fusiform swelling and some had produced aecia. The reaction of phloem and xylem tissues was compared with non-infected tissue using light and electron microscopy. Cortical parenchyma and phloem polyphenolic parenchyma cells underwent mitotic division, cell swelling, and ca sixfold greater accumulation of phenolic compounds in colonized vs. control stems. In the cortex and secondary phloem, haustoria were common in parenchymatous cells, and hyphae were abundant in the intercellular spaces, but cell death was rare, unless aecia had ruptured the stem cortex. Hyphae were also common in xylem rays, tracheids and between tracheids. Disease-induced changes in the cambial zone included development of cambium-derived xylem traumatic resin ducts. Results demonstrate that diverse host defence responses were activated in the bark of apparently susceptible trees, but lack of mechanical damage by C. ribicola to the phenol-containing host cells and the resin duct system allowed extensive colonization and development of aecia despite elicitation of these stem defences. Interactions between P. monticola and C. ribicola are discussed and compared with other conifer–fungus pathosystems.     

九寨沟不同受损林地土壤特征研究

为了探索九寨沟地震不同受损林地土壤理化特征分布情况,进一步提高受损栖息地林草植被快速恢复模式的合理性,根据研究区震损程度,分析了各样地土壤理化性质.结果表明:土壤容重随震损程度增强呈先减小再增大的趋势;有效磷和铵态氮含量随震损程度增加而升高,而速效钾和硝态氮含量降低.因此,应根据不同震损地块的土壤理化性质进行有针对性的...     

11种常绿阔叶树抗寒性的研究

以济南市常见的11种常绿阔叶园林树种为研究对象,探讨各树种叶片的膜透性、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白等生理生化指标对低温变化的响应。结果表明:11种常绿阔叶树种在低温胁迫下,叶片中电解质渗出率随温度的降低而升高,表明膜透性逐渐升高;可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白的含量随低温胁迫程度的加深,表现为先升高后降低的趋势。