湖南浏阳市政府购买动物防疫社会化服务的探索

加快推进基层兽医社会化服务发展,创新政府公共服务供给模式,是提高兽医公共服务水平和效率的有效途径。湖南省浏阳市主动引入和培育社会组织,挖掘社会力量,以政府引导与社会参与相结合的路径,探索"政府引导、社会参与、项目服务、企业运作"实践新模式。通过兽医社会服务组织参与政府购买服务实践,将原来政府提供的兽医公共服务通过购买服务的方式交由专业性社会组织来提供,理顺了政府与社会关系,优化了疫病防控结构,满足了社会需求,拓展了基层兽医组织发展空间。同时提出要加大社会组织培育,明确公共服务范围,强化市场化运作机制,规范合同管理的发展建议。     

探索兽医社会化服务新模式

本文从现代畜牧业发展、动物疫病防控形势、畜产品质量安全监管、公共卫生和生态保护等方面,系统分析了兽医社会化服务的发展背景,从兽医社会化的基本定义、条件等方面,阐述了兽医社会化的基本内涵。文章还系统分析了"公司+农户""合作社""打包服务""科研院所业务拓展""政府购买服务"等几种兽医社会化模式,并从培植兽医社会化服务市场主体、拓展政府购买服务内容、引导供需双方深度合作、规范社会化服务发展等角度,对今后兽医社会化服务的发展提出了建议,为政府购买兽医社会化服务的实现提供了借鉴。     

政府购买动物防疫公益性服务的实践与探索

<正>政府购买公益性服务是近年来各级政府转变政府职能,推进社会建设的现实着力点,是一种"政府出资、定向购买、契约管理、评估兑现"的政府公共服务的供给方式,政府购买动物防疫公益性服务就是其中重要一项。目前,政府购买动物防疫公益性服务的方式在全国许多地方已全面实施并取得初步效果,但也存在着政府购买服务产品的发展速度落后于整体经济增长速度,政府职能转型的改革落后于经济体制的改革,公共服务供给数量和质量     

巴东模式：新型基层兽医服务模式（一）

通过对湖北省恩施州巴东县基层兽医服务模式的调研,得出如下结论：巴东模式是政府和农民向村级防疫员购买服务的成功探索,是基层兽医公共服务和市场化服务的良好结合,有效调动了村级防疫员的积极性,稳住了基层兽医服务队伍。相对于其他地区村级防疫员的增收服务模式,巴东模式富有发展潜力大、适用性广、拓展性强的特点,在继续完善的基础上可因地制宜进行推广。     

政府购买动物防疫公益性服务的框架探析

政府购买服务是党和政府确立的新时期政府各项职能工作转变的重要政策措施,对转变兽医工作发展模式,提高兽医工作效能,推动兽医社会化服务体系建设有着重要意义。为落实农业部相关文件精神,部分地区在政府购买动物防疫服务方面开展了一些探索。本文主要研究整理了政府购买服务的相关政策规定,结合兽医工作实际情况探索构建了包括购买主体、购买形式、购买内容等在内的政府购买动物防疫服务框架,并提出了厘清服务内涵、制定指导意见、加强扶持支撑、培育承接主体、巩固体系建设等发展建议。     

国内第三方兽医检测实验室发展现状

第三方兽医检测实验室是面向社会提供检测等兽医服务的重要力量。调研发现,我国第三方兽医检测行业已经有了明显发展,机构数量逐渐增加,服务质量明显提升,服务内容不断拓展,而且已经参与政府购买服务,政府对第三方兽医检测实验室的监管也正在探索当中。同时,也发现第三方兽医检测实验室仍存在着数量较少、缺乏准入门槛、监管薄弱、与政府部门之间工作衔接机制不顺畅等问题。针对这些问题,从建章立制、厘清职责以及加强实验室建设、指导和监管等方面提出建议,为国内第三方兽医检测实验室的有序发展和规范化管理提供参考。     

政府购买动物防疫社会化服务工作 推进兽医社会化服务体系建设

根据2017年新疆维吾尔自治区畜牧厅重点工作计划安排,经报请自治区人民政府同意,2017年9月26日,自治区畜牧厅在库车县召开全区政府购买动物防疫社会化服务现场会。会议紧紧围绕实现社会稳定和长治久安总目标,以"推行政府购买服务,加强兽医能力建设,创新兽医工作机制"为主题,现场观摩、总结推广库车县政府购买动物防疫社会化服务工作的做法和经验,深入分析当前畜牧兽医工作面临的形势和存在的问题,研究部署全区政府购买动物防疫社会化服务工作,推进全区兽医社会化服务体系建设。     

自治区畜牧厅在阿克苏地区库车县召开全区政府购买动物防疫社会化服务现场会议

<正>根据今年重点工作计划安排,经报请自治区人民政府同意,2017年9月26日,自治区畜牧厅在库车县召开全区政府购买动物防疫社会化服务现场会。会议紧紧围绕实现社会稳定和长治久安总目标,以"推行政府购买服务,加强兽医能力建设,创新兽医工作机制"为主题,现场观摩、总结推广库车县政府购买动物防疫社会化服务工作的做法和经验,深入分析当前畜牧兽医工作面临的形势和存在的问题,研究部署全区政府     

政府购买动物防疫公益性服务现状研究

为推动兽医社会化服务体系建设,本文研究了地方政府在动物防疫工作中购买服务的模式。结果表明:政府购买服务的购买主体为县级兽医主管部门、动物卫生监督机构、乡镇政府或乡镇动物防疫检疫站等,承接主体以疫苗生产企业、劳务派遣企业、乡镇兽医站、新型兽医服务主体、无害化处理企业、购买专门服务岗位为主。地方多通过协商委托、招标邀标等购买形式,主要购买强制免疫、无害化处理、动物检疫等服务内容。随着购买标准日益明晰,实施政府购买动物防疫公益性服务取得了一定成效:有效落实了兽医公益性服务职责,培育了兽医社会化服务力量,探索了相应机制等。但同时也存在公益性服务内涵和边界有待明确,承接主体难以满足购买服务需求,机制、服务内容及财政保障有待完善,监管工作亟待加强等问题。     

正安县政府向社会购买兽医公共服务的探索

文章介绍了正安县对动物防疫体系进行改革,推行政府向社会购买兽医公共服务的探索.通过成立县动物防疫农民专业合作社联合社,以联合社统领各乡镇分社,按照"两个坚持、一个平台、四大服务、三个目标"的指导方针,探索出"以县联合社为统筹,以乡镇合作社为纽带,以合作社成员为主体"的动物防疫体系和经营模式.     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.