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2019年7月21日,黑龙江省同江市某养牛户报告发现牛患病死亡。黑龙江省动物疫病预防与控制中心采用现场调查、入户访谈、实验室检测等方法,对该起疫情进行了紧急流行病学调查。调查发现,此次疫情共造成9头牛死亡。综合临床症状、实验室检测和流行病学调查,认定此次疫情是由炭疽杆菌引起的。推测发生原因是,汛期雨量较大,疫点上游河岸炭疽掩埋地遭雨水冲刷,从而带出炭疽杆菌芽孢,继而污染江心岛牧草,导致该岛放牧牛感染死亡。该起疫情提示,炭疽病例的及时确诊和规范处置可有效防止疫情扩散,具有重要公共卫生意义。 相似文献
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2022年2月,陕西省延长县一养殖户饲养的21只猪先后发生不明原因死亡,经陕西省动物疫病预防控制中心及市县实验室联合诊断,证实此次疫情是由炭疽杆菌引起的猪炭疽病。为查明病菌来源,摸清感染路径,按照重大动物疫病流行病学调查相关流程,省、市、县相关部门组建专项工作组赴现场开展流行病学调查,分析疫情来源和传播途径,估测疫情扩散风险,指导开展疫情处置工作。综合流行病学特征及临床症状、实验室镜检结果,推测本次疫情很可能是历史疫源地炭疽杆菌意外暴露,通过人员、草料、交通工具传播引起的。本次疫情警示,对于历史疫源地要控制土壤的随意开挖,做好范围内养殖场的生物安全管理,加强包括猪、牛、羊在内所有炭疽易感家畜的炭疽防控。 相似文献
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广西南宁市横县某养殖场自2016年8月2日起陆续出现羊只死亡情况。根据临床症状和剖检病理变化,判断为疑似小反刍兽疫疫情。为调查本起疫情的来源及扩散范围,开展了紧急流行病学调查。综合该疫情流行病学史和实验室检测结果,确诊此次暴发为小反刍兽疫疫情,袭击率为91.0%(212/233),病死率为66.5%(141/212)。溯源分析显示,发病羊只来自江苏省徐州市某活羊交易市场,追踪调查发现本次疫情仅局限于该养殖场,未在全县其他养羊场户发现病例。调查结果提示,应严格活畜调运监管,严厉打击非法调运,规范产地检疫,以降低疫情跨区域传播风险。 相似文献
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2011年8月,辽宁省海城市牛庄镇南关村发生牛炭疽病疫情,造成2头牛发病死亡,并造成30余人感染发病。为了扑灭此次疫情,共扑杀并无害化处理牛、羊等动物419头(只),无害化处理牛、羊肉等动物产品2450kg。炭疽疫情过后,经辽宁省动物疫病预防控制中心采样监测,被污染的土壤中确实有炭疽芽孢存在。由于炭疽芽孢对自然环境有极强的耐受力,可存活长达70年,所以,海城市牛庄镇南关村变成了永久性炭疽疫源地,对当地的牛、羊养殖业和居民的身体健康构成长期威胁危害。如何根除净化疫源地炭疽芽孢污染,保障牛、羊等养殖业生产安全和当地居民的身体健康成为当务之急。鞍山市动物疫病预防控制中心研究拟定了炭疽疫源地炭疽芽孢污染根除净化措施,对炭疽疫源地进行处理,收到明显成效。炭疽疫情发生后,可采取下列技术措施根除净化炭疽芽孢污染。 相似文献
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我区今年炭疽疫情与去年相比趋于严重。1~9月全区有33个县发生炭疽,共有疫点83个,家畜总发病351头,死亡299头,病死率85.1%,其中:病牛278头,死亡242头;病马18匹,死亡15匹;病猪43头,死亡30头;病羊13只,全部死亡。同时,有298人感染发病,死亡12人,病死率4%。现将流行特点及今后防制意见报告如下: 一、今年炭疽流行有以下几个特点: 1、疫情沿江河而下;在红水河和右江 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献