表达A亚群禽白血病病毒Gp85蛋白的乳酸菌的构建

本研究旨在构建乳酸菌表达载体以研制A亚群禽白血病病毒（Avian leukosis virus subgroup A,ALV-A）的活菌疫苗,用于预防禽白血病。使用锚定表达载体构建2株分别表达gp85和gp85-DCpep基因的重组植物乳杆菌,以感染ALV-A的DF-1细胞的基因组DNA为模板,使用PCR方法扩增ALV-A Gp85蛋白的编码基因gp85,将树突状细胞靶向肽（DC-targeting peptide,DCpep）编码基因与gp85基因进行融合,获得gp85-DCpep基因;使用乳酸菌锚定表达载体pSIP409-pgsA’通过同源重组的方法构建重组质粒pSIP409-pgsA’-gp85-DCpep和pSIP409-pgsA’-gp85;经测序正确后将上述质粒分别电转化植物乳杆菌NC8感受态细胞,获得重组植物乳杆菌;使用SppIP诱导重组植物乳杆菌的表达,收集处于对数生长期的菌体,通过反复冻融获取细胞膜的蛋白样,采用Western blotting技术检测pgsA’-gp85-DCpep和pgsA’-gp85蛋白的表达情况。结果显示,试验成功获得基因片段gp85和gp85-DCpep,构建的重组质粒pSIP409-pgsA’-gp85-DCpep和pSIP409-pgsA’-gp85测序无突变和丢失情况,并成功电转到植物乳杆菌NC8感受态细胞中,使用SDS-PAGE和Western blotting技术在细胞膜蛋白样中检测到蛋白的表达,大小分别为48.3（pgsA’-gp85-DCpep）和47 ku （pgsA’-gp85）。本试验成功构建了重组质粒pSIP409-pgsA’-gp85-DCpep和pSIP409-pgsA’-gp85,获得的重组植物乳杆菌NC8-pSIP409-pgsA’-gp85-DCpep和NC8-pSIP409-pgsA’-gp85中的蛋白均成功表达,且具有反应原性,为后期深入研究重组植物乳杆菌在抗ALV-A感染中的保护机制奠定良好的基础。     

重组产气荚膜梭菌plc毒素基因植物乳酸杆菌的构建

依据乳酸菌的肠道益生作用,选择产气荚膜梭菌关键致病因子α毒素/磷脂酶C为抗原,构建产气荚膜梭菌α毒素去除信号肽的plc基因片段重组植物乳杆菌,利用植物乳酸菌穿梭载体pSIP409构建重组质粒pSIP409-plc,经双酶切鉴定和序列测定正确后转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)感受态细胞并进行SppIP诱导表达。Western Blot证明重组蛋白表达成功,并且主要以包涵体形式存在,plc重组蛋白相对分子质量分别为40 kDa。重组质粒pSIP409-plc分别电转化植物乳杆菌NC8细胞,PCR和双酶切鉴定正确后进行SppIP诱导表达。Western Blot和间接免疫荧光鉴定表明,构建的重组植物乳酸杆菌具有诱导分泌plc蛋白的能力,可作为黏膜免疫的候选抗原。     

表达鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫表面抗原TATA4与鸡IL-IL-2的侵入型乳酸菌构建及鉴定

为探究鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫(E. tenella)表面抗原TA4在植物乳杆菌NC8的表达情况,使用PCR扩增TA4片段,同时使用细胞因子ChIL-2作为免疫佐剂,应用猪圆环病毒2A肽(P2A)序列使抗原与免疫佐剂共表达,连接有金黄色葡萄球菌的纤连蛋白结合蛋白A(FnBPA)的409载体,构建两株重组侵入型乳酸菌NC8 pSIP 409-FnBPA-pgsA′-TA4和NC8 pSIP 409-FnBPA-pgsA′-TA4-IL2。使用自制多克隆抗体通过Western blot检测重组菌的蛋白表达情况。结果表明,两种侵入型目的蛋白TA4和IL-2使用多克隆抗体检测均可成功检测到蛋白表达,为后期动物试验及益生菌口服疫苗的制备奠定了基础。     

重组犬瘟热病毒F-H融合基因乳酸菌的构建及表达

为了构建重组犬瘟热病毒(CDV)F-H融合基因工程乳酸菌,采用重叠延伸PCR(SOE-PCR)技术扩增CDV F-H融合基因。将F-H融合基因亚克隆至穿梭载体p SIP409多克隆位点上,构建p SIP-F-H表达重组子,并电转化至植物乳杆菌NC8感受态细胞中。利用SDS-PAGE和Western blotting检测F-H融合蛋白的表达情况。结果表明,成功地扩增了CDV F-H融合基因,构建了p SIP-F-H重组表达质粒,并电转化至乳酸杆菌感受态细胞中。SDS-PAGE和Western blotting检测表明,重组乳酸杆菌表达了分子量约为62.96 ku的F-H融合蛋白,且该蛋白能与CDV阳性抗体反应,具有反应原性。     

产气荚膜梭菌NetB毒素基因重组植物乳酸杆菌的构建

选择产气荚膜梭菌坏死性肠炎毒素B(NetB)为抗原,构建产气荚膜梭菌NetB毒素基因重组植物乳酸杆菌,利用植物乳酸杆菌穿梭载体pSIP409构建重组质粒pSIP409-NetB,经双酶切鉴定和序列测定正确后转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)感受态细胞并进行SppIP诱导表达。Western blot证明重组蛋白表达成功,并且主要以包涵体形式存在,NetB重组蛋白相对分子质量为36 ku。重组质粒pSIP409-NetB电转化植物乳酸杆菌NC8细胞,PCR和双酶切鉴定正确后进行SppIP诱导表达。Western Blot和间接免疫荧光鉴定表明构建的重组植物乳酸杆菌具有诱导分泌NetB蛋白的能力,可作为黏膜免疫的候选抗原。     

2种侵入型乳酸菌生物学特性的研究

本研究旨在选择性能优良的乳酸菌表达载体，为后期研发新型乳酸菌活菌疫苗奠定基础。试验对诱导型和组成型表达的2种侵入型乳酸菌NC8-pSIP409-FnBPA和NC8-pLc23-FnBPA的生物学特性进行研究，从酸耐受性、胆盐耐受性、生长曲线、质粒稳定性、抑菌试验以及药敏试验这6个方面进行鉴定。结果表明，这2种乳酸菌在pH为2.5的酸应激条件下，存活率均达到125%，在质量分数为0.5%的高胆盐溶液中，存活率高达200%。2种类型的乳酸菌均能在9 h时达到平台期，生长性能优良，其中组成型表达菌株NC8-pLc23-FnBPA达到平台期时的D_{600 nm}值为1.3，高于诱导型表达菌株，生长性能优于诱导型菌株。pH生长曲线结果表明，乳酸菌产酸性能无明显性差异，在10 h时，溶液中的pH均降为3.5，产酸能力较强。2种类型乳酸菌的菌体和上清对常见致病菌均有不同程度的抑菌作用，其中菌体的抑菌效果优于上清，且表达FnBPA蛋白的组成型菌体的抑菌效果强于诱导表达型。2种侵入型乳酸菌均对绝大多数的抗生素敏感性高，具有一定的生物安全性。2种类型的乳酸菌的质粒稳定性均>90%。本试验发现诱导型乳酸菌NC8-pSIP409-FnBPA与组成型乳酸菌NC8-pLc23-FnBPA具有相似的生物学特性，其中组成型乳酸菌表达蛋白更方便，无需添加诱导肽便可自主表达，更适合作为新型乳酸菌活菌疫苗的受体菌株，为后期乳酸菌活菌疫苗的研制提供便利。     

植物乳杆菌高表达组成型表达载体构建

乳酸菌宿主对表达载体的启动子具有高度的选择性,本研究利用PCR技术扩增嗜酸乳杆菌表面蛋白SlpA基因启动子,以诱导型表达载体pSIP409为基本框架删除其诱导型启动子,采用能快速连接的无缝克隆技术将SlpA基因启动子连接到gusA基因上游,获得重组质粒409SlpA电转化至植物乳杆菌NC8中,Western Blot定性测定的gusA表达情况,同时利用MRS-X-gluC培养基特异性显色反应来鉴定阳性重组子表达gusA的活性,为利用该启动子表达外源蛋白研制新型基因工程微生态制剂奠定基础。     

新城疫病毒核衣壳蛋白基因在大肠埃希菌中的表达、纯化及其活性分析

构建新城疫病毒(Newcastle disease virus, NDV)核衣壳蛋白(nucleocapsid protein, NP)基因的原核表达载体,并将其在宿主菌E.coli BL21(DE3)感受态细胞中表达。以NDV La Sota株NP基因序列为模板,设计特异性引物,通过PCR扩增获得NP蛋白全长基因片段,定向插入原核表达载体pET-30a,构建重组质粒pET-NDV NP;将构建的重组质粒转化宿主菌E.coli BL21(DE3)感受态细胞,经IPTG诱导,表达出目的蛋白,并采用亲和层析的方法纯化表达蛋白;表达蛋白采用Western blotting方法检测其反应原性。结果显示,成功克隆了新城疫病毒NP基因全长,片段序列1470 bp;构建的pET-NDV NP载体经PCR、双酶切、测序鉴定均无误;转化表达宿主菌后经SDS-PAGE检测结果显示目的基因得到成功表达,且表达蛋白经Ni-NTA镍离子亲和层析法被成功纯化,蛋白质浓度为3 mg/mL;Western blotting检测结果显示表达蛋白具有良好的反应原性。试验结果表明,成功构建了含有新城疫病毒核衣壳蛋白基因的原核表达载体,成功表达、纯化得到了NDV NP蛋白。     

表达H9N2亚型禽流感病毒HA蛋白重组乳酸杆菌的构建

H9N2亚型禽流感病毒的血凝素(HA)基因经树突状细胞靶向肽(DCpep)与异亮氨酸拉链(GCN4)基因修饰后,插入到穿梭表达载体p SIP409中,将质粒电转化至乳酸杆菌内。结果表明,该重组乳酸杆菌经诱导后,能够表达大小约为63 000且具有反应原性的蛋白,为进一步探讨重组乳酸杆菌在激发黏膜免疫反应过程中,DC调控黏膜免疫应答的机制及研制抗禽流感口服疫苗奠定基础。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …