利用温敏致死性状专养雄蚕的研究进展

伴性赤蚁（sch)具有催青期高温干燥敏感性，用30℃、相对湿度60％条件催青时雌卵孵化率很低，雄卵正常孵化。利用sch品种作父本与普通蚕品种杂交，其F1代的蚕卵仍具有高温催青敏感性，这是控制桑蚕性别实现雄蚕饲养的一条新途径。     

家蚕伴性温敏基因表达的分析

在家蚕一些特殊品种中,存在着一种伴性温敏性性状,该性状在蚕卵胚胎的发育阶段,当用30℃左右的高温和特殊的干燥环境条件催青时,便可以明显地从表现型上观察出来。敏感性认为是由位于Z性染色体上的一个主基因控制的,暂称为伴性温敏基因。该基因的敏感性表达发生在胚胎发育的后期。当用带有温敏基因的品种为父本与非温敏性的品种为母本杂交,组成杂种一代,可利用高温干燥的催青条件控制雌蚕基本不孵化,而雄蚕正常孵化。雌雄的孵出比率为5∶95左右。     

不同催青处理因素控制sch雄蚕品种单一性别的研究

利用sch基因具有胚胎期高温致死的特性，将伴性赤蚁（sch）导入实用品种中可实现专养雄蚕。通过常规和高温干燥催青处理sch雄蚕品种，找出降低雌蚕比率的有效途径，并对其孵化率进行t检验。得出结论：sch雄蚕品种在33℃、RH60％下雄蚕孵化率达到91．12％，雌蚕比率基本得到控制，雄蚕孵化率与常规催青技术处理sch雄蚕品种的雌雄实用孵化有一定的差异，经t检验中系差异显著，日系达到差异极显著水平；根据两日的雌蚕比率不同，提出采用一日收蚁法技术提高sch雄蚕品种的雄蚕率。     

赤蚁蚕催青期温敏性研究

家蚕正常的蚁蚕体色为黑色,迄今发现的赤蚁突变有6种[1]之多。赤蚁突变基因作为标志基因在遗传分析、连锁检索及基因定位研究中发挥了重要作用[2]。黄君霆等[3]研究获得限性赤蚁系统及潘庆中等[4~5]发现sch（伴性赤蚁）品种的催青温敏性,为赤蚁蚕的应用展现了新的前景。蚕丝生产上雄蚕比雌蚕有更大的经济价值[6],家蚕的性别控制一直是国内外学者十分重视的研究课题,因此,伴性赤蚁催青温敏性研究对家蚕性别控制及实现雄蚕饲养具有重要意义。然而,有关伴性赤蚁基因与催青温敏性状的关系;以及赤蚁性状（包括各种赤蚁）与催青温敏性状的…     

家蚕茧丝纤度性状基因效应分析

普通蚕品种育种过程中，茧丝纤度性状不过粗过细、不为尴尬纤度就行，作为特殊用途蚕品种，生产不同类型的原料茧，茧丝纤度则是一个重要指标，育种家们通过各种途径，试图搞清其遗传规律，基因效应等，以提高选择效率。沈敦辉（1928）通过分析两亲本及其F1、F2、BC1的雌雄频数分布，确认有部分伴性遗传，提出由4对基因控制的假说，蒲田（1983）、刘世安（1988）用双列杂交法，进行有关茧丝纤度的方差分析，作出Wr,Vr图，计算遗传方差成分，估算专访经、有效基因数等，推测约有3个基因控制，本文拟用世代平均值多元回归方法分析茧丝纤度性状的基因效应，以探讨其遗传模式。     

现行家蚕品种导入sch基因方法创新与实践

正蚕业生产上,雄蚕茧品质好,净度优,纤度细,缫丝等级高且体质强健,虫蛹生命力强、茧层率高、茧丝长,出丝率较雌蚕高20%左右,实现专养雄蚕是提质增效的关键措施之一。位于Z染色体21.5点位的伴性赤蚁sch基因(隐性),不仅控制伴性赤蚁性状,而且还有控制胚胎伴性温敏性状~([1]),利用sch基因的温敏特性,在催青后期高温干燥处理,抑制雌蚕孵化,达到实现单养雄蚕的目的。然而带有sch基因的资源素材茧质成绩不理想,健康性达不到实用化水平,将sch基因导入现行家蚕品种是实现单养雄蚕的关键环节,     

家蚕sch基因的导入对杂交后代孵化蚕性别的控制

以家蚕ｓｃｈ基因为选择性标志基因，将温敏性特性导入蚕品种７８２内，育成７８２Ｓ赤系，７８２Ｓ黑系。并以７８２Ｓ赤系Ｆ４、７８２Ｓ黑系Ｆ４和（黑蚁雌×ｓｃｈ雄）Ｆ１为材料，分设３０℃ＲＨ　６０％恒温催青和催青前期常规条件己４胚子期４２℃处理２ｄ这两种处理。结果表明，杂交后代带有ｓｃｈ基因的雌性和ｓｃｈ基因的雄性纯合体，胚胎期均表现对高温干燥的敏感性，而不带ｓｃｈ基因的个体则不表现敏感性。说明ｓｃｈ基因与高温干燥敏感性存在着密切关系，可以用ｓｃｈ为标志基因将温敏性性状导入其他实用品种，达到控制孵化蚕的性别的目的。     

家蚕sch基因对健康及茧重的影响研究

用标记基因与数量性状关系的截尾分析法和常规统计法比较同一亲本、相同性别的3个群体内相差1个sch基因的两个子群体差异，分析sch基因对家蚕健康性、金茧量、茧层量等经济性状的影响。结果表明：sch基因对健康性无良影响；在高温、常温两种催青条件下，sch异质型茧重与正常型茧重无差异；sch纯合型的茧重低于异质型和正常型。由此探讨了伴性赤蚁sch基因用于雄蚕品种研究的可行性和实用性。     

现行家蚕品种冷藏浸酸种的冷藏时间与孵化率的关系

<正> 江苏省现行蚕品种有苏5、苏6;苏3秋3、苏4、7532、75新等。其中苏5、苏6为春秋兼用品种。其它几个品种作夏秋季使用。现就这些品种的冷藏时间与孵化率的关系简报如下。 一、苏5、苏6品种 该对品种1974年秋开始饲养,克蚁制种量原有17张左右,现逐年有所下降,约13张上下。苏6孵化较好,苏5孵化较差。苏5的催青积温268°F,苏6催青积温263°F。近年来本种从春用品种发展为春秋兼用种。从蚕卵解除滞育角度看,春用品种     

家蚕性连锁平衡致死系性别控制基因的导入方法

本发明公开了一种家蚕性连锁平衡致死系性别控制基因的导入方法，采用通过平衡致死系与现行品种的杂交把平衡致死系的性别控制基因分散在3个子系统中；接着对每个子系统中现行品种连续回交，使3个子系统基本上全为现行品种血缘；最后通过3次不同型式的交配，把性别控制基因组合到一个新的品种，形成新的平衡致死系品种。由于家蚕性连锁平衡致死系是用特殊基因来控制原种和杂交种的性别，使其自交能繁殖继代，与其他品种杂交保证下一代只有雄蚕孵化。本发明能育成经济性状优良，雄蚕率在98％以上的新型雄蚕品种。     

干热空气处理防治家蚕微粒子病胚种传染的研究

采用干热空气对广东现行10个家蚕品种进行热处理,结果表明,蚕卵产后常温（25～27℃）保护12h,46℃热处理60min或47℃热处理40min,不影响实用孵化率,而对微粒子病胚种传染的防治效果达到93％～100％;蚕卵的溶菌酶和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）,过氧化物酶（POD）,过氧化氢酶（CAT）等三种保护酶系统活力均升高;电子显微镜观察到治愈病卵正常发育至蚁蚕,未经热处理的病卵产下132h后形成孢子,孵化出带病蚁蚕。     

野蚕越冬卵的孵化和年发生代数的研究

研究证实(1980—1984年),嘉湖平原野蚕年发生三代.越冬卵始孵期为四月中旬,盛期为六月中旬.但近半个世纪以来.很多人一直误认为四月中旬发生的野蚕是第一代,六月下旬发生的为“第二代”,事实上都是越冬卵孵化的幼虫.均为第一代.经测定,四月下旬越冬卵孵化率为0.15%,5月下旬为7.9%,6日20日为91%.本区野蚕产越冬卵最的早在9月17日,高峰期在11月上旬.结束期在12月14日,越冬卵产出越早,翌年卵孵期也早,孵化的早和迟之间可相差122天.野蚕越冬卵翌年孵化期长的原因.与秋冬产卵期长及桑园生态环境复杂有关.据室内4月24日越冬卵孵化的幼虫连续饲养,到第三代卵期恰与室外第二代卵期相重叠,说明自然界发生第四代是可能的,但真正存活率在1%以下.在防治措施上,以在越冬卵孵化高峰期(6月15—20日)施用0.1%敌敌畏.防效最好.     

春制越年蚕种当年检疫家蚕微粒子病的试验初报

为了有利于蚕业生产上及时、有序地供应无毒蚕种,探究了春制越年一代杂交种在冬季浴消之前将滞育卵进行冷藏浸酸处理,对孵化蚁蚕进行家蚕微粒子病检疫的可行性。采用该方法从抽样107个批次越年蚕种样本(7 g/批)冷藏浸酸孵化的蚁蚕中检出7个带毒批次,并且与同批次的母蛾及常规成品卵家蚕微粒子病检疫结果一致。依据试验结果初步认为,应用此方法可以提前数月开展春制越年蚕种成品卵家蚕微粒子病检疫。     

Effect of egg storage upon the survival of Campylobacter jejuni in laboratory-infected fertile poultry eggs

Fertile eggs were infected by Campylobacter jejuni in the laboratory by a temperature differential method of inoculation, which resulted in up to 10% of the hatched birds carrying C. jejuni in the intestine. When infected eggs were stored for 5 1/2 days before incubation, the infection rate of the eggs had decreased to 20% or less when set, and no infected chicks were hatched. Inoculation of eggs after 8 days in storage also failed to yield infected chicks. In all cases, the hatch ratio was no different from that of uninfected control eggs.     

家蚕产卵量的基因效应参数估计

用产卵量差异较大的两个近交系782和Ekp作亲本,配制了F1、F2正反交及F1与两亲本的回交B1和B2,加上两亲本P1和P2共8个世代,采用多世代平均值的多元回归分析方法对产卵量的基因效应参数进行了估计,得到了如下结果：（1）建立了分析家蚕产卵量的常染色体基因加性、显性和性染色体基因加性效应的非二体遗传模型,并通过实际数据检验表明产卵量遗传符合这个模式;（2）产卵量的遗传主要取决于常染色体上基因加性效应,其次是性染色体基因加性效应,显性效应很小。     

桑蚕越年蚕种生化指标与蚕种质量关系的研究

测定了蚕种H2O2与SOD酶的活性并研究了它们与一些蚕种质量指标间的关系，表明该两种酶的活性与饲料桑叶中蛋白质与可溶糖含量有关，与催青孵化率和蚁蚕高温绝食生命率之间呈正相关。     

浙江省1949～2010年蚕品种推广情况与分析

依据浙江省农业厅有关统计资料，分析了浙江省1949～2010年间原种品种、一代杂交种组合的推广情况。累计总共推广原种品种90个，其中春用品种39个，夏秋用品种51个；一代杂交组合53对，其中春用品种21对，夏秋用品种32对。以及当家品种的制种比例及主要品种的推广量。     

日本血吸虫童虫冷冻保藏复苏后生活史循环的研究

本文报告了日本血吸虫童虫经液氮冻藏复苏后的生活史循环的情况。童虫冻藏３６天和５０天后腹腔注射感染小鼠，亲代成虫回收率为９．０和８．９％。感染鼠肝内的子代虫卵孵出的子１代毛蚴感染钉螺，感染率为５９和６７％；平均每个钉螺第１次逸出的子１代尾蚴数为８００～９００条。子１代尾蚴感染小鼠后，其子１代成虫回收率为５５和５６％。合抱雌、雄成虫的体长、性腺的发育和虫体对宿主的致病力与正常途径感染者无明显差异。     

Effect of short periods of high incubation temperature on hatchability and incidence of embryo pathology of turkey eggs

1. Turkey eggs were incubated at 38.0 degrees and 38.5 degrees C at different stages of embryo development and for periods of 3 to 25 d. Results were compared with control eggs incubated at 37.5 degrees C. The age of mortality, the incidence of malpositions and the incidence of morphological abnormalities were recorded from all unhatched eggs. 2. Eggs incubated at 38.5 degrees C for 5 or more days hatched significantly less well than eggs incubated at 37.5 degrees C. Eggs incubated at 38.5 degrees C for 3 d hatched worse than controls but not significantly so. Eggs incubated between 0 and 25 d and 7 and 12 d but not between 0 and 6, 13 and 18 and 19 and 25 d, at 38.0 degrees C had significantly lower hatchabilities than eggs incubated at 37.5 degrees C. 3. Lowest hatchabilities were obtained when the eggs were incubated at high temperatures between 7 to 12 d and 6 to 10 d, indicating that embryos at this stage of development are more likely to succumb to high temperature than at other ages. 4. Increases in embryo mortality due to overheating were seen in weeks 3 and 4 of incubation and at the pipping stage. This was observed even when the period of overheating occurred in weeks 1 and 2 of incubation. 5. Embryos malpositioned with their head in the small end of the egg were seen at a higher incidence when overheating in the 2nd or 3rd quarter of the incubation period.     

The sex ratio of Amblyomma cajennense (Acari: Ixodidae) with notes on the male feeding period in the laboratory

To evaluate the sex ratio of field collected nymphal Amblyomma cajennense ticks, we collected 5326 engorged nymphs from naturally infested horses in Pirassununga county and allowed them to molt to adults in the laboratory. They yielded a sex ratio of 1:1.83 (M:F). Three and two engorged females were collected from horses pastured at Pirassununga county and from tapirs pastured in Sorocaba county, respectively. These females were allowed to oviposit and their progeny were reared until the adult stage in the laboratory. Engorged females collected from Pirassununga yielded a sex ratio of 1:1.57 (M:F) and a sex ratio of 1.14:1 (M:F) were obtained for those ticks collected from tapirs. In addition, unfed tick larvae were collected from Pedreira county and reared in the laboratory until the adult stage. This collection yielded a sex ratio of 1.11:1 (M:F). These results showed significantly different (P<0.05) sex ratio constitutions among different tick populations. Laboratory rabbits were infested once with A. cajennense male ticks, which showed feeding periods varying from 7 to 86 days. During this period, the rabbits were re-infested regularly with A. cajennense female ticks. A total of 179 engorged females were collected from the rabbits and their engorged weight, feeding, preovioposition and egg incubation periods, weight of deposited eggs, percent of hatched eggs and egg production efficiency were compared to the male feeding period and to the number of live males present on the host. None of the female variables were affected by the male feeding period. Male ticks remained fertile for the whole feeding period. Percent of hatched eggs was the only female variable that significantly decreased as the number of live males decreased on the host. The results showed that although some A. cajennense populations are composed of more females than males after molting, this female predominance is compensated by a long male feeding period and maintenance of its reproductive performance.