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《中国瓜菜》2020,(8)
瓜类蔬菜是重要的蔬菜种类,广泛种植于世界各地。瓜类蔬菜多为蔓生作物,生产中通过设立支架提高产品的产量与品质。近年来,随着分子生物学的快速发展和基因工程技术的深入研究,对作物矮生性状及其相关基因的研究也愈加深入,应用基因工程技术对作物株高进行遗传改良已成为提高作物产量的有效途径,培育合理株型已成为作物育种的重要目标。矮生性状作为瓜类蔬菜育种中的一个重要的结构性状,也是当前瓜类蔬菜育种工作的热点。笔者综述了瓜类蔬菜矮生性状的遗传学研究进展,特别是黄瓜、西瓜、南瓜和甜瓜等主要瓜类蔬菜矮生性状相关基因的遗传学分析、基因定位以及基因克隆等方面的研究进展,并对瓜类蔬菜矮生性状在作物分子育种中的应用和发展趋势进行了展望。 相似文献
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猕猴桃属植物共有54个种和21个变种,我国是原产地,种质资源极为丰富。由于猕猴桃属植物具有雌雄异株、丰富的倍性变异及实生苗童期较长等特征,使得传统育种工作周期长、效率低。随着现代生物技术发展,开发了较多分子标记应用于猕猴桃研究领域,利用分子标记也构建了一些猕猴桃遗传图谱并进行了部分重要性状的QTL定位,为后续猕猴桃分子辅助育种奠定了基础。综述了猕猴桃遗传连锁图谱构建的基础,归纳了已发表的猕猴桃遗传连锁图谱和定位到的数量性状遗传位点,梳理出当前QTL定位技术在猕猴桃育种中的研究进展,最后提出了猕猴桃分子标记、遗传图谱构建及QTL定位技术在研究和育种应用中存在的问题和展望,以期为猕猴桃分子辅助育种更好的服务于实践奠定基础。 相似文献
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本文从果树等无性繁殖植物的育种工作需要出发,讨论了这类植物的遗传特点和研究方法问题。阐明了果树等无性繁殖植物的实生后代一系列经济性状显著退化的遗传原因。提出了果树性状育种值及遗传传递力的科学概念和估算方法。应用这种方法,品种类型间性状的育种值和传递力强弱可以用具体数值来衡量和比较,从而给杂交育种的亲本选择选配提供科学依据。通过和家畜改良中育种值估算方法和应用的对比讨论了果树等无性繁殖植物估算育种值的重要意义和应用前景。 相似文献
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一引言 在许多科学研究中,经常需要进行定性分析和定量分析。例如:在农业科学中的生物统计和数量遗传理论,就是卓有成效的定量分析。但是,实际上常常由于观测手段及事物客观属性的限制,有些现象直到现在仍然是模糊的。这就给定量分析带来了困难,因此很有必要通过数学方法,首先将那些模糊的概念或现象定量化。 在蔬菜育种研究中,就存在着这样的问题。尽管在工作实践中,可以应用数量遗传理论进行一系列有意义的计算。例如:相关分析、通往分析、遗传力及选择指数的计算等。但是为了进行以上的分析与计算,首先要求被研究的性状必须能够定量化。… 相似文献
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Jian Zhang Tongyi Yang Rong-Fang Li Yu Zhou Yun-Long Pang Li Liu 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2016,91(6):645-655
Improvement of fruit traits is an important objective in current mulberry breeding programs. In this study, 93 mulberry accessions of diverse origin were genotyped using 15 ISSR markers to identify marker–trait associations with fruit traits. Fifteen ISSR primers generated a total of 104 amplification products, of which 94 were polymorphic, revealing 90.38% polymorphism; the mean PIC value was 0.2698. UPGMA cluster analysis showed clear genetic relationships between the 93 mulberry cultivars, and the major clusters were related to known pedigree relationships and their ecotype. The mean r2 value for all intra-chromosomal loci pairs was 0.0210. Marker–trait associations were investigated using the unified mixed-model approach, considering both population structure (Q) and kinship (K). In total, 24 marker–trait associations (p < 0.01) were identified using different ISSR markers. The results suggest that association mapping in mulberry is a viable alternative to quantitative trait loci mapping, and detection of associations between markers and mulberry fruit traits will also provide important information for marker-assisted breeding. 相似文献
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Vegetables play an important role in human nutrition and health. Cultivation of vegetable crops is an integral part of the agricultural economy of many developing countries. Vegetable crop productivity and quality are seriously affected by several biotic and abiotic stresses, which destabilize rural economies in many countries. Moreover, absence of proper post-harvest storage and processing facilities leads to qualitative and quantitative losses. In the past four decades, conventional breeding has contributed significantly for the improvement of vegetable yields, quality, post-harvest life, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, there are many constraints in conventional breeding, which can only be overcome by advancements made in modern biology. In the last decade various traits such as biotic stress resistance, quality and storage life have been successfully engineered into vegetable crops and some of them have been commercialized. In recent years significant progress has been made to manipulate vegetable crops for abiotic stress tolerance, quality improvement and pharmaceutical and industrial applications. Although the progress in commercialization of transgenic vegetable crops has been relatively slow, transgenic vegetables engineered for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical use will contribute significantly to the value added agriculture in near future. 相似文献
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Melon is one of the economically important and widely cultivated vegetable crops in the world. There is a wide genetic diversity in the cultivated and wild species of melon. Melon as one of the most consumed fruits, the development and ripening of fruit is known to be a complex developmental process that involves many biochemical and physiological changes including the breakdown of chlorophyll, degradation of the cell wall, increase in sugars content, alteration in pigment biosynthesis, and the accumulation of flavour and aromatic compounds. However, the information on genetic engineering and molecular biology of melon is very limited. With the development of genetics and molecular biology, a large number of quality/ripening-regulated genes involved in pigmentation, vitamin, soluble carbohydrate metabolism, cell wall metabolism and ethylene biosynthesis have been identified in melons. Some genetic manipulations of melons have been proved to be useful technology to improve quality, sensory attributes, shelf life and other agronomic traits of melon fruit. This paper reviewed some progresses in the trangenic approach to improve quality traits of melon fruit. 相似文献
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