优质油菜高产模式化栽培技术规范

1选种及种子处理选用纯度≥90%以上;发芽(成苗率)≥80%以上;净度≥97%;水分≤9%;介酸含量≤2%;硫甙含量≤30μmol的优质杂交油菜种子。播种前晒种4~5h。2苗床准备2.1苗床选择苗床选择土壤肥沃、地势平坦向阳、水源条件好、移栽大田管理方便的菜园地或沙壤土。2.2苗床准备需准备     

低芥酸油菜大面积优质高产栽培技术研究简报

推广低芥酸油菜,改善菜籽油品质,是油菜生产发展的主攻方向,是市场经济的需要,是发展高产优质高效农业的重要组成部份。贵州是全国油菜主产省之一,历史上曾有大量的油菜籽或菜籽油远销日本、东南亚等地和京、津、沪等国内市场。随着国内外优质油菜生产的发展,我省油菜籽由于芥酸含量高,竞争力锐减,作为食用植物油,不仅出口受阻,而且国内市场也日渐萎缩。为了改变这种状况,充分发挥全省油菜生产的经济优势,省科委于1986年将“低芥油菜大面积优质高产栽培技术试验研究”列入全省“七五”科技攻关重点项目,由省农业厅农业技术推广总站主持,组织湄潭、绥阳、开阳、息烽、金沙等县农技推广部门开展联合攻关。五年来,课题组     

德江县双低优质油菜丰产栽培技术

双低优质油菜既是人民日常生活中食用营养油 ,也是生产高级润滑油和医药、肥料、饲料等工农业的重要优质原料。随着人们生活水平的不断提高 ,食油已从食用动物油转向植物油 ,又从食用植物油到双低优质油。推广种植优质油菜 ,改进和提高油菜籽内在品质 ,是适应人民生活水平不断提高的要求和国际市场的需求。德江县自 1996年示范推广优质油菜以来 ,面积逐年扩大 ,总产稳步增长。1996年推广优质油菜 0 .14万ｈｍ2 ,1999年推广面积达到 0 .4 7万ｈｍ2 ,单产 10 7.5～ 112 .4ｋｇ/ 6 6 7ｍ2 ,一般比前几Ｆ年作为我县的当家品种秦油二号增15～ 2 5…     

优质油菜华油2790栽培技术要点

华油2790是中国农科院油料所选育的半冬性中熟甘蓝型雄性不育"三系"双低油菜新品种.2002年通过河南省品种审定委员会审定.中种集团华中油菜种业有限公司独家买断生产经营.     

双低油菜杂交种金油杂2009（SY05-1）的选育

金油杂2009（SY05—1）是陕西省三原县种子管理站用不育系5038A和恢复系2088C育成．是我站提出的以芥酸含量小于1％,硫甙含量小于30μmol/g饼,含油量大于4.4％．产量比对照增产5％以上．抗菌核病和病毒病,抗倒。中早熟,适宜陕西、黄淮区及长江流域的部分地区种植作为育种目标进行选育的双低油菜杂交种．于2005年育成。     

油菜机播栽培技术要点

近几年来,江苏省东台市部分地区利用玉米后茬机播种植油菜,每亩产量一般200～250千克,节省用工5～8个,节省农本20～30元。其栽培技术要点如下：     

优质杂交油菜品种黔油17号超高产栽培技术

优质高产杂交油菜黔油17号是贵州省油料研究所(原贵州省农业科学院油料研究所)选育,2003年8月通过贵州省农作物品种委员会审定,该品种具有高产、优质、适应性广、抗逆性强、制种产量高等特点。为了探索黔油17号在生产上的最大增产潜力,总结其相应配套的超高产栽培技术体系,近几     

油菜高产栽培技术

南京市高淳区多年的试验结果和高产栽培经验证明,要想提高油菜产量,应该以合理群体为起点,努力提高单株生产力,采取“秋发、冬促、春稳、活熟”的技术途径,使油菜角果群数量与质量能协调提高,最终实现高产稳产。文章对广大农业工作者有一定的借鉴作用。     

甘兰型油菜品质性状的变化与抗(耐)菌核病的关系

经1987～1992年时甘兰型油菜品质资源田间自然抗病性的连续观察鉴定(包括同一品种不同品质的单株)和同一品种不同发病级别单株种子内芥酸、硫甙、油份等品质的测试分析。结果是油菜菌核病的发病程度与这些品质性状的关系密切。即抗病性的强弱与芥酸、硫甙的含量成正相关,与油份的含量成反相关,不同发病级别的单株种子与产油量成反相关。根据分析结果笔者认为,在进行双低油菜育种过程中,应将低代材料置于易于发生菌核病的环境中选择,在发病极度严重时还要注重保留那些耐病的单株,这是集优质、丰产、耐病为一体的有效途径。同时在优质油菜生产中要作好防病工作。     

优质杂交油菜新品种黔油17号超高产栽培技术

黔油17号是贵州省农业科学院油料研究所选育、2003年通过贵州省审定的超级杂交油菜新品种.属于优质、高产半冬型的甘蓝型杂交油菜品种,适合于长江流域油菜主产区种植,具有较高的产量水平和优良稳定的品质.     

The analysis of genotype × environment interactions: What does it mean if varietal stability is linearly related to varietal performance?

Summary This paper offers an interpretation for a recent finding of Phillips et al., that the value of the Finlay & Wilkinson regression coefficient for each genotype was correlated with the genotypic effect. Attention is drawn to a number of other findings of such a correlation. It is shown that the condition for the correlation to occur is that the Finlay & Wilkinson regressions should be concurrent, and pass through a common point. In biological terms this implies that in certain environments the differences in performance between genotypes must disappear. In natural populations this can be accounted for in terms of the operation of natural selection. Where the data concern performance of a plant pest (as in Phillips et al.'s data), concurrent regression lines predict the existence of an environment which reduces the performance of the pest to zeroon every genotype of plant.     

Level of partial resistance to leaf rust,Puccinia hordei,in West-European barley and how to select for it

Summary The partial resistance to leaf rust (Puccinia hordei) of 40 West-European spring barley cultivars was measured in plots isolated from one another to reduce inter plot interference. The leaf area affected by leaf rust was also measured in small plots of 0.5 m² adjacent to each other, and on individual plants. The latent period was measured in the seedling stage and the adult plant stage, the infection frequency in the seedling stage only. The cultivars varied widely for partial resistance, many cultivars carrying a considerable level. Both the small adjacent plots and the single plants showed a marked inter plot interference strongly reducing the difference between cultivars. H wever, the ranking order of the cultivars was hardly, if at all, affected. Both latent period and the infection frequency showed large differences between cultivars, the latent period in the adult plant stage being highly correlated (r=0.82) with partial resistance, infection frequency in the seedling stage only rather weakly (r=–0.33).Selection for partial resistance appeared very effective in all stages tested; the seedling, the single adult plant, and the small plot stage. Selection in the small plot stage was the most effective followed by selection in the seedling stage. Selection for partial resistance therefore appears very well possible at all stages of the selection program.     

优质小麦优质高产高效的技术措施

近几年来,随着小麦品种的技术更新和换代,我国小麦生产连年丰收,库存大量积压,价格大幅下跌.与之形成鲜明对比的是专用优质小麦的需求量越来越大,国产优质小麦远远供不应求.目前我国每年约需专用优质小麦230亿kg,而国产优质小麦不足需求量的30%,大量优质小麦不得不用高额外汇进口.为此,国家和有关省市相继出台了小麦优质优价政策,一些地方优质小麦的市场价格比普通小麦高出4～5成,有的甚至高达1～2倍.不少农民靠种优质小麦开始走上致富路.优质小麦的种植技术应掌握好以下几个方面:     

双低杂交油菜大面积高产优质制种技术

杂交油菜制种在淮安已有近10年历史,经不断地总结和提高,制种产量和质量不断提高。以宁杂3号为例,到2003年,年制种产量达31万千克。平均单产达1125kg/hm2,最高单产1725kg/hm2,纯度90%以上。制种单产的提高为基地农民增收作出了重要贡献。杂交油菜制种要获得高产,除了要求选择优良亲本材料配组外,掌握增产、保质技术是关键。1制种基地的和选择与建设油菜制种基地的选择首要条件是要有安全的隔离带(安全隔离带2km以上),可利用湖泊、山体、森林等天然条件作隔离。其次要求制种田集中连片、土壤肥沃、地力均匀、灌排方便。我公司的杂交油菜制种…     

蔬菜作物缺钙有哪些症状？怎样防治？

蔬菜作物需钙量大,而且在整个生长过程中都不可缺少。一旦缺少就会出现症状:植株矮小,生长点萎缩,顶芽枯死,生长停止;幼叶卷曲,叶缘变褐色并逐渐死亡;根尖枯死,甚至腐烂,果实顶端亦出现凹陷、黑褐色坏死。蔬菜种类不同,其症状也有所差异。现将几种蔬菜的缺钙症状分述如下。番茄、甜椒　缺钙典型症状是产生脐腐病。最初在幼果的前端(花瓣脱落的一端)果肉呈水浸状,果皮完好,随着果实膨大,果实前端患干缩凹陷并黑褐化,病斑处常受二次性霉菌寄生,呈烂顶状。果实非烂顶部分成熟时仍能着色。甜椒顶端凹陷没有番茄明显,主要是顶端呈褐色枯死状。脐…     

关于如何实施种子放心工程问题

在“放心农资下乡进村”活动中,种子放心工程的核心是建立种子专业服务网络,实行种子配送、信息传递、网上订购、技术推广一体化,减少环节,降低价格,提高效率。这一工程的实施,对于加强种子市场管理、规范种子生产经营行为、提高种子专业服务水平具有重要意义。     

What does foreign aid for education contribute to the maintenance of indigenous knowledge in Laos,Thailand and Vietnam?

These notes are based on observations conducted over seventeen years, including visits to projects, both structured and open ended interviews with participants and, more recently, a systematic review of reports prepared between 1991 and 1995. Results show that the principal thrust of all foreign aid projects which targeted indigenous people as preferred recipients were designed to provide access to state schooling, an education conducted in the national language and dominated by curricula objectives originating in the capital city. This is not what the people want. The preoccupation of state authorities with nation building and teaching skills that meet urban and industrial needs rather than the rural and agricultural priorities of indigenous people has contributed to the latters growing sense of alienation and eroded their sense of identity.     

Transfer of the Kosena Rfk1 gene,required in hybrid seed production,from oilseed rape to turnip rape

Radiant frost is a major abiotic stress, and one of the principal limiting factors for agricultural production worldwide, including Australia. Legumes, including field pea, faba bean, lentil and chickpea, are very sensitive to chilling and freezing temperatures, particularly at the flowering, early pod formation and seed filling stages. Radiant frost events occur when plants and soil absorb the sunlight during the day time and radiate heat during the night when the sky is clear and the air is still. Dense chilled air settles into the lowest areas of the canopy, where the most serious frost damage occurs. The cold air causes nucleation of the intracellular fluid in plant tissues and the subsequent rupturing of the plasma membrane. Among the cool season grain legume crops, chickpea, lentil and faba bean and field pea are the most susceptible to radiant frost injury during the reproductive stages. The more sensitive stages are flowering and podding. Frost at the reproductive stage results in flower abortion, poor pod set and impaired pod filling, leading to a drastic reduction in yield and quality. In contrast, in the UK and European countries, frost stress is related to the vegetative stages and, in particular, the effects of frost have been studied on cotyledon, uni/tri-foliolate leaf and seedling stages during the first few weeks of growth. Few winter genotypes have been identified as frost tolerant at vegetative stages. Vegetative frost tolerance is not related to reproductive frost tolerance, and hybrids from the vegetative frost-tolerant genotypes may not necessarily be tolerant at the reproductive stage. Tolerance to radiant frost has an inverse relationship with plant age. In the field, frost tolerance decreases from the vegetative stage to reproductive stage. Unlike wheat and barley, it is difficult to analyse and score frost damage in grain legume crops due to the presence of various phenophases on one plant at the reproductive stage. The extent of frost damage depends on the specific phenophases on a particular plant. However, current studies on genetic transformation of cold tolerant gene(s), membrane modifications, anti-freeze substances and ice nucleating or inhibiting agents provide useful information to improve our current understanding on frost damage and related mechanisms. The effects of frost damage on yield and grain quality illustrate the significance of this area of research. This review discusses the problem of radiant frost damage to cool season legumes in Australia and the associated research that has been carried out to combat this problem locally and worldwide. The available literature varies between species, specific climatic conditions and origin.     

Outcrossing frequencies from multiple high erucic acid oilseed rape fields to a central receptor field

Genetically modified oilseed rape is currently grown on about 23 % of the global oilseed rape acreage. In order to separate transgenic and non-transgenic oilseed rape production and to ensure co-existence of different agricultural cultivation schemes, as is specified by the European legislation, confinement measures have to be defined. Pollen-mediated gene flow is the most important means by which transgenes are dispersed between fields. In contrast to the majority of the previous investigations the objective of this study was to assess the extent of gene flow in the case of multiple pollen-donor fields. A high erucic acid rape genotype was used as biochemical marker for the quantification of outcrossing into a low erucic acid oilseed rape variety. Outcrossing data were obtained from two experimental locations. As expected, multiple pollen sources in a fragmented landscape can result in high gene transfer frequencies, thus requiring larger isolation distances than a field design with a single pollen donor source. The results of the study are transferable to homozygous transgenic oilseed rape varieties.     

Environmental variability and heritability of high oleic acid content in winter oilseed rape

Winter oilseed rape, with high oleic (HO) acid contents (C18:1) is of interest for nutritional as well as for industrial purposes. HO mutants have been described, but only limited information is available on any environmental influence on the expression of oleic acid content in these mutants. Therefore, a population of 60 doubled‐haploid (DH) lines segregating for oleic acid content (56‐75% C18:1) was grown in two years at three locations in northern Germany. Analysis of variance revealed a high heritability for oleic acid content of h²= 0.99. Subdividing the DH population into a high (> 64% C18:1) and a low (< 64% C18:1) oleic acid class showed high heritabilities (h²= 0.94) for C18:1 contents within both the high and low oleic acid types. The oleic acid contents in HO types of winter oilseed rape were environmentally stable at the three locations tested.