氦磷钾配施对红壤pH值、交换性铝及丰水梨幼树生长的影响

丰水梨是引入我国较早的日本砂梨品种。从1996年开始引入广西桂林市,1999年在全市推广种植。7月下旬成熟,栽后3年进人丰产期,盛果期每667m^2。产量可达4000kg,具有较高的经济价值。目前桂北地区大部分县区都发展丰水梨。桂林地处南岭山系的西南部,以红壤为主,pH值4．5～6．5,适宜pH值6～8土壤条件的丰水梨的生长必定会受到一定程度的影响,而铝毒害可能是主要原因之一 。有报道认为,铝毒能通过施用磷肥和有机肥得以缓解 。     

温度和pH对鲍鱼菇8120和平菇P54菌丝生长的影响

观察在不同温度和pH值条件下，鲍鱼菇8120和平菇P54菌丝体的生长情况。结果表明：鲍鱼菇8120菌丝适宜生长温度为20～33℃，最适温度为22-28℃。适宜pH值为5～8，最适pH7．2～8；平菇P54菌丝适宜生长温度为20-33℃，最适温度为25-31℃，适宜pH5～8，最适pH值为6-6．5。     

Phyllosticta citrichinaensis生物学特性的研究

通过观测不同培养基、温度、pH值和光照条件下菌丝生长和孢子萌发情况,对Phyllostictacitrichinaensis生物学特性进行研究.结果表明,培养基中添加琯溪蜜柚叶汁可促进菌丝生长;菌丝生长的温度范围为10～35℃,适宜生长温度为25～30℃,最适生长温度为28℃,40℃时停止生长;菌丝生长的pH值范围为3～9,最适生长pH值为5～6,14天后在pH值7～9的OA培养基上菌落边缘会产生黄色素;分生孢子在25℃、pH值4的条件下萌发率最高,但萌发率低于45％;12小时光暗交替有利于菌丝生长;菌丝致死温度为55℃10分钟,孢子致死温度为50℃10分钟.     

pH值和温度对墨汁鬼伞菌丝体生长的影响

为了确定北京怀柔地区的墨汁鬼伞菌丝体生长的最佳pH和温度,为人工驯化栽培提供依据,采用平板培养法分别研究了不同pH值及温度对该地区墨汁鬼伞菌丝体生长的影响。结果表明,在PDA+玉米粉培养基上,墨汁鬼伞菌丝体在pH 5～10范围内均能生长,pH6～8菌丝生长健壮,生长速度稍慢,pH为9时菌丝浓密,生长速度最快,为最适pH值;菌丝体生长温度范围为13℃～29℃,适宜温度为21℃～25℃,25℃生长最快,13℃生长缓慢,33℃则不能生长。怀柔墨汁鬼伞是一种喜碱性、中低温型的食用菌。     

夏橙绿斑病的病原鉴定及其生长特性研究

夏橙绿斑病是一种新报道的病害。通过对病原进行分离鉴定和生长特性研究，表明该病是由绿藻门虚幻球藻属虚幻球藻(Apatococcus lobatus)所致；病藻的适应温度范围比较广，5～30℃都可生长，15～25℃为其适温范围；病藻具有广泛的光适应性，在500～4 000lx的光照范围内均可生长，1000～3 000lx为其适宜的光照范围;在pH值为4～10时病藻均能生长,适宜生长的pH值为5～9.田间观察结果表明,该病的发生还与空气湿度密切相关,当空气湿度大于80％时,发病就严重.     

3种有机肥对土壤次生盐渍化改良及青菜量的影响

通过田间试验,研究了鸡粪、茶渣和蚯蚓粪3种有机肥及石灰对土壤次生盐渍化的修复效果及对青菜生长的影响.试验结果表明,施用鸡粪、蚯蚓粪和茶渣均可以提高土壤pH值,其中蚯蚓粪+石灰处理可以将土壤pH值调至最适青菜生长的范围;各有机肥的施用短时间内可以降低土壤EC值和含盐量,但与不施用任何肥料的处理相比,效果不显著;有机肥施用后青菜株高增加,其中蚯蚓粪和茶渣有机肥还可以促进青菜开展度的增加,有利于青菜光合作用;综合来看,3种有机肥中,蚯蚓粪有机肥对青菜生物量的促进效果最为明显.     

设施次生盐渍化土壤叶用菊苣生产技术

设施土壤次生盐渍化已经成为制约设施蔬菜生产的主要问题之一,表现为土壤含盐量及pH值升高、理化性质变劣、有益微生物减少,导致番茄植株根系生长不良、产量降低和品质变劣[1～3].目前,国内外设施土壤次生盐渍化改良的主要方法有工程、化学、农艺和生物4种方法,其中农艺和生物方法比较经济有效[4～6].叶用菊苣是一种耐盐植物,适应性强,病虫害少,地上部分生物产量高,每30天左右刈割1次,是一种高产高蛋白饲料作物.利用次生盐渍化土壤种植叶用菊苣,既能为市场提供饲用农产品,同时达到改良土壤次生盐渍化的目的,对于设施蔬菜生产可持续发展具有重要意义.     

美花石斛优势内生菌根真菌生物学特性研究

通过对从海南省霸王岭国家级自然保护区、海口琼北火山岩地区及广西雅长采集的美花石斛中分离、筛选出的4株美花石斛的优势内生菌根真菌进行纯培养,在不同温度、DH值和PEG模拟干旱胁迫条件下观测茸根菌的生长发育状况。结果表明：4株真菌在5～35℃均可生长,其最适生长温度范围为25～28℃;真菌对pH值适应范围较广,在中碱性条件下生长良好,对酸性条件适应性较低;在低浓度PEG胁迫处理条件下（10％,-0．20MP．）,4种内生菌根菌的生长没有受到显著抑制,PEG胁迫达到30％（-1．53MPa）时,真菌的生长均受到抑制。     

不同培养条件对鲍鱼菇菌丝生长的影响

通过不同温度、pH值及培养基含水量处理 ,对鲍鱼菇菌丝生长状况进行了研究。结果表明鲍鱼菇菌丝生长适宜的温度范围为 2 0～ 31℃ ,最适温度为 2 5～2 8℃ ;pH值适宜的范围为 4 0～ 7 0 ,最适pH值为 5 5～6 0 ;培养基含水量适宜的范围为 6 0 %～ 80 % ,最适含水量为 80 %。     

勉县早熟马铃薯—辣椒—莴笋高效栽培模式

勉县土地肥沃,生态环境良好,土壤pH值6.5～7.5,年平均气温14.2℃,年日照时数1740 h,年降水量841 mm,无霜期237天.夏季雨水充沛,蔬菜适宜一年多季种植[1].勉县老道寺镇菜农摸索总结出早熟马铃薯—辣椒—莴笋一年三种三收高效栽培模式,使农民收入显著增加,在自然条件相似的地区,该模式具有推广前景.早熟...     

Effect of salinity and water table on growth and tolerance of plum and peach

The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl₂ and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water.     

洞庭1号无籽西瓜套种棉花高产高效模式的研究与应用

根据西瓜、棉花两者生长发育特点进行套种试验,研究其高产高效栽培模式。试验示范结果表明,以西瓜行株距4.5m×0.65m,棉花行株距1.5m×0.45m的种植密度,西瓜与棉花之间互颉作用最小,西瓜和棉花的产量和产值在3个套种模式中位居第1,在5个处理中经济效益最高。     

Primary culture and identification of mouse PASMCs and effects of hypoxia on proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs

AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs.     

小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备

研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。     

西瓜与粮油菜套种栽培试验

近年来,我省西瓜发展速度较快,到2004年全省西瓜栽培面积已达3万hm^2.由于我省耕地面积有限,大幅度扩大西瓜单种面积,不仅造成我省西瓜与粮油菜争地的矛盾,而且土地也未能得到充分有效的利用.为了解决这一生产中存在的实际问题,我们从2002年开始,进行了西瓜与粮油菜套种的栽培试验.历经4年的试验、示范,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益.现将试验结果报告如下.     

钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果

采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量     

世界及中国鳄梨产销概况与展望

依据联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)数据库、联合国商品贸易统计数据库(UN Comtrade)中的数据,围绕鳄梨种植面积、产量、迚出口市场、主产国生产情况、主要迚出口国贸易情况等斱面,对世界及中国鳄梨的生产与贸易迚行回顾、分析与展望,幵在此基础上,对中国鳄梨产业的发展提出建议。     

Storability of onion seeds and effects of packaging and storage conditions on viability and vigour

Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.     

遮阴及地膜覆盖对黄皮果实表面温湿度变化及果实品质的影响

以金鸡心黄皮为试材,研究了遮阴及地膜覆盖处理对黄皮果实品质与果实表面温湿度变化的影响。结果表明：阴雨天气下,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖处理的果实表面日平均湿度低;晴天天气下,地膜覆盖处理及对照果实表面的日平均温度高,昼夜温差大,阴雨及晴天天气下温度变化、湿度变化趋势基本一致;地膜覆盖提高了果实品质,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖降低了果实好果率。     

热处理对果蔬采后品质及病虫害的影响

采后热处理是近年来快速发展的果蔬采后处理技术,广泛应用于改善果蔬贮藏期间的品质、增强抗逆性等 方面。从果蔬贮藏期间的生理生化、采后品质及防治病虫害等方面阐述了热处理的机理,讨论了热处理对果蔬衰老 方面的生理特征如色泽、风味、硬度(软化)、失重、呼吸、乙烯释放、酶活性等变化及与抗逆性有关的诱导蛋白质合成 及基因表达的影响,较全面阐述了热处理防治果蔬贮藏期间病虫害的机理如直接作用于病菌、害虫与提高果蔬的抗 病虫性等。