我国地方猪品种-迪庆藏猪的生理特性研究

对生长在海拔3276.1m的云南省迪庆藏族自治州中甸县的迪庆藏猪进行生长发育、生产性能以及生理指标的测定,其结果表明:迪庆藏猪的体温:39.21±0.28℃,呼吸频率:28.00±1.95(次/min),脉搏频率:89.84±3.87(次/min),15min、30min、45min、60min、2h、24h的血沉值分别为1.71±0.64mm、2.34±0.55mm、3.25±0.99mm、4.60±0.94mm、8.87±1.59mm、65.03±6.57mm;Hb含量:135.59±5.60(g/L),RBC:7.28±0.25(×1012/L),WBC:15.84±1.12(×109/L),嗜酸性白细胞:3.30±0.25(×108/L),血小板数:30.03±4.97(×1010/L)。白细胞分类计数:嗜酸性白细胞:3.87±0.76(%),嗜碱性白细胞:0.29±0.53(%),嗜中性晚幼白细胞:0.00±0.00(%),嗜中性杆状核白细胞:2.42±0.56(%),嗜中性分叶核白细胞:31.42±4.04(%),淋巴细胞:58.29±3.88(%),单核细胞:3.71±0.82(%)。     

乌金猪的品种特性及营养需要和调控研究进展

乌金猪是我国优良的地方猪种,是“宣威”火腿的优质材料,其肉质风味独特且营养价值高。国内有关乌金猪的研究多关注的是肉品质,而缺乏对乌金猪种质和营养特性的系统性研究,这在一定程度上限制了乌金猪养殖业的发展。本文就乌金猪的品种特性及营养需要和调控研究进展作一综述,旨在为乌金猪种质资源保护、科学养殖提供依据。     

四川昭觉县乌金猪资源调查

乌金猪是我国优良的地方品种,具有抗寒、耐粗饲、抗病力强的诸多优点,是值得推广和保护的.本文介绍了乌金猪的分布、品种特征、适应性、抗病力、生产性能、繁殖性能、饲养情况等进行了详细的介绍.     

昭觉县乌金猪资源调查

乌金猪是昭觉县优良地方品种，笔者通过近年来的调查，发现乌金猪在繁殖性能、抗病力、对气候适应性等方面都表现出了它特有的品性，是值得推广和保护的地方品种，现将调查报告如下。[第一段]     

我国地方黄牛品种——迪庆黄牛的种质特性研究

迪庆黄牛生长在海拔3000～3500m的云南省迪庆藏族自治州的中甸、德钦、维西县,它耐高寒,耐粗饲,乳、役、肉兼用。笔者测定了成年迪庆黄牛生长发育指标(包括体重、体高、体长、胸围、管围等)、生产性能指标(包括繁殖以及产肉产乳性能等)、生理指标(体温、呼吸、脉搏以及血液生理指标等)。     

凉山绿色肉猪--乌金猪

凉山乌金猪是四川凉山州传统的地方优良猪种，目前，在州内各山区有较多分布。据资料显示，全州全年存栏在５０万头。该品种主要特点是全身纯黑、繁殖性能强、饲养期长、极耐粗饲，对日粮营养要求低，通常以牧草和青粗饲料为主，少量补充能量饲料便可满足其正常的生长繁殖需要。肉质品味高，风味接近野猪。这些在山区通过传统放牧饲养方式生产的乌金猪实际上已成为理想的无公害、无污染的绿色猪肉源。凉山乌金猪及其生活的环境有以下优点，符合绿色食品的生产要求：１品种优势乌金猪耐粗饲、抗病力强。繁殖方面坚持自繁自养，利用地方品种的…     

四川昭觉乌金猪资源调查

1产区自然经济概况昭觉县位于凉山彝族自治州腹心地带,海拔500～3500m,常年平均气温10.9℃。全县幅员面积2.699×106km2,农耕地4.07×105km2,林地6.67×105km2,草山草坡1.40×106km2。生产玉米、马铃薯、荞麦,是一个典型的半农半牧高寒山区县。全县辖47个乡(镇),彝族人口占97.8%。畜牧业是昭觉县的传统产业,也是该县国民经济的支柱产业。至2005年末,全县四畜存栏达80.3万头(只),四畜出栏达56.4万头(只),畜牧业产值达28.6亿元,占农业产值的56.5%。     

基于乌金猪深度发掘的优质高效新品种选育

宣和猪(暂定名)是为满足日益增长的优质猪肉市场需求、解决宣威火腿产业优质原料腿长期不足的问题,以地方猪种乌金猪发掘利用为基础而正在选育的新品种,至2016年已完成7个世代选育。宣和猪主要生产性能优良、遗传稳定,初产、经产母猪的总产仔数分别为10.16头和11.18头;30~100 kg阶段日增重764 g、料重比2.91:1;体重达100 kg时屠宰,屠宰率、胴体瘦肉率、腿臀比例分别为76.72%、60.24%和30.04%;猪肉肌内脂肪含量3.58%,肉质优良。与乌金猪相比,宣和猪不仅在主要生产性能上有明显改进,且较好地保持了适应性强、耐粗饲、肉质优良的特性,以其鲜腿为原料腌制的宣威火腿品质突出,优质高效特征明显。     

昭通火毛、黑毛乌金猪屠宰性能和肉质测定与分析

试验为探究昭通乌金猪的产肉性能和肉品质。试验选取云南省昭通市水富市地区养殖条件一致的火毛乌金猪3头和盐津县地区养殖条件一致的黑毛乌金猪3头进行屠宰试验。结果显示,昭通火毛乌金猪和黑毛乌金猪屠宰率、瘦肉率、熟肉率、眼肌面积、肉色评分、大理石纹评分和失水率等指标差异不显著(P0.05),总胴体重、中驱重、后驱重、三驱重、头中、胃重、直长和斜长指标差异显著(P0.05),心、肝、肺等器官占身体比重较大。结果表明,昭通火毛、黑毛乌金猪瘦肉率低,产肉性能和肉品质较好。     

2种日粮对不同生长阶段乌金猪脂肪组织脂类合成代谢相关基因表达的影响

为探讨不同日粮对乌金猪不同生长阶段脂类合成代谢相关基因表达的影响,试验选取体重约23 kg乌金猪36头,公、母各半,随机分为2个处理组,每个处理组3个重复,每个重复6头。处理1组饲喂乌金猪日粮,处理2组饲喂NRC日粮。分别于30、60和100 kg体重时屠宰,通过Real-time PCR比较研究3个脂肪合成代谢相关基因在脂肪组织中表达的差异。结果显示,体重30 kg时,处理1组脂肪酸合成酶(fatty acid synthase,FAS)的相对表达量显著低于处理2组(P<0.05),60和100 kg时,处理1组FAS基因的相对表达量高于处理2组,60 kg时达到显著水平(P<0.05);在各个体重时,处理1组固醇调节元件结合蛋白1c(sterol regulator element binding protein-1c,SREBP-1c)的相对表达量均高于处理2组,30和60 kg时达到显著水平(P<0.05);在各个体重时,处理1组二酰基甘油酰基转移酶1(diacylglycerol acyltransferase-1,DGAT-1)的相对表达量低于处理2组,100 kg时达到显著水平(P<0.05)。提示,不同日粮调控不同体重乌金猪脂类合成代谢相关基因表达存在着差异。     

安徽地方猪种染色体Ag-NORs分析研究

对安徽省皖南花猪、皖南黑猪、定远猪、圩猪、安庆六白猪等五个地方猪种Ag-NOR s多态性进行了分析,结果显示Ag-NOR s均数分别为3.69、3.67、3.17、3.73、3.50,众数为4;2个引进品种大约克夏和长白Ag-NOR s均数分别为2.14、2.11,众数为2。Ag-NOR s均定位于10号和8号染色体次缢痕区。从研究结果可以推断皖南花猪和圩猪的品种纯度较高,聚类分析可将5个地方猪种分为2类:皖南花猪、皖南黑猪和圩猪为第1类,定远猪和安庆六白猪为第2类。此外5个地方猪种和2个引进品种Ag-NOR s多态性还为中国猪种起源于亚洲野猪,欧洲猪种起源于欧洲野猪提供了进一步的依据。     

中国地方猪品种的遗传多样性与聚类分析

我国拥有丰富的地方猪资源,也是世界上家猪驯化较早的中心之一。但近40年,地方猪品种受到国外引进猪种的强烈冲击,在数量和规模上均显著降低,遗传资源受到威胁。本研究利用线粒体基因组序列,对我国21个地方猪品种共计86个个体的遗传多样性进行了分析,并构建了43个地方猪品种的分子进化树。结果表明:中国地方猪线粒体D-Loop区存在序列长度多态性。86个序列共检测到32种单倍型,平均单倍型多样性(Hd)为0.966±0.006,平均核苷酸多样性(Pi)为0.00592±0.00023,遗传多样性贫乏。32种单倍型可明显的聚为2大类,但是单倍型的聚类与地理分布没有显著相关性。分子进化树显示中国地方猪与国外猪种处于2个明显不同的分支上;由于受到人类迁徙活动以及不同猪种间基因交流的影响,猪种的聚类关系与地理分布同样不存在显著相关,很难利用线粒体基因组序列对中国地方猪品种进行准确分类。     

国外猪种大量引进导致本土猪种濒临灭绝的原因分析及应对建议(以玉山黑猪为例)

玉山黑猪,距今已有两千多年的饲养历史,像国内其他地方猪种一样,都是老祖宗留给后人的宝贵财富.20世纪80年代以前,农村家庭养猪以饲养地方猪种为主,以玉山黑猪为例,1981年调查时有生产公猪52头,生产母猪9700头,但自从20世纪80年代后期我国大量引进外国瘦肉型猪后,为追求高产肉量和短期经济效益,养猪户纷纷转向养殖外...     

中国地方鸡品种资源评价、保护、利用状况与建议

我国拥有81个宝贵的地方鸡品种,具有世界上许多发达国家望尘莫及的品种资源优势。这些地方鸡品种是在极为复杂的生态条件和社会经济文化条件的影响下,我国劳动人民逐渐选育而出的这些鸡种具有不同的生产性能,与国外培育的一些专用鸡种相比,具有广泛的遗传多样性和对周围环境的高度适应性,具有抗逆性强、肉质好、蛋品质优等特点。如：抗逆性强的边鸡、静原鸡;稀有蛋用早熟品种白耳黄鸡、仙居鸡;蛋大、壳厚、体型较大的大骨鸡;骨细、肉嫩、味鲜的文昌鸡、北京油鸡、惠阳胡须鸡等;具有滋补药用功能的丝羽乌骨鸡;善飞翔的藏鸡;以产绿壳蛋为主的东乡绿壳蛋鸡;具有斗性强的河南斗鸡、漳州斗鸡等。这些地方鸡品种既是宝贵的遗传资源,遗传多样性是未来家禽品种改良的遗传基础,也是价值极高的经济资源,为我国家禽业发展提供了基础动力和基本素材。保护家禽遗传资源的多样性对于我国家禽业的可持续发展具有十分重要的意义。     

瘦肉型猪新品系选育改良研究

本研究对浙江省4个瘦肉型猪种（杜洛克、长白、大约克和浙白DⅢ系）五个品系（大约克包括2个品系）的主要经济性状进行了为期五年的纯系选育改良,结果显示,杜洛克、长白和大约克达到100kg体重的日龄为156-164天,平均日增重761.0g-875.0g,饲料利用率2.21-2.93。高繁殖力的浙白猪DⅢ系达到90kg体重179.8天,生长肥育期平均日增重达到707g,饲料转换率为2.88。与1995年相比,各品系平均改良幅度为：日增重17.24%,饲料利用率10.13%,瘦肉率平均提高2个百分点以上,浙白猪DⅢ系的经产母猪产仔数达到14头,大约克猪繁殖性能有显著改良,初产母猪产仔数从9.l61头提高到10.50头,经产母猪产仔数从10.77头提高到12.0头,初产和经产分别提高0.89和1.23头,选育新品系11个杂交组合13批912头商品猪的生长与胴体性能试验表明,平均日增重最高组合为924g,所有组合平均为768.23g;饲料利用率最优组合为2.36,所有组合平均为2.68;胴体平均背膘厚最优为1.28cm,平均为2.20cm;瘦肉率最高65.54%,平均为62.02%,所有组合商品猪的肉质均在优良的范围内。     

Carcase characteristics and qualitative meat traits of three Italian local chicken breeds

1. An experiment involving 60 male chickens reared in an organic production system was carried out in order to investigate carcase characteristics and qualitative meat traits of three slow-growing Italian local breeds of chicken (Ermellinata, Padovana and Pepoi). 2. Chicks were randomly selected at hatch, raised together under the same conditions, slaughtered at 190 d of age, dissected for carcase traits, and meat (breast and thigh) stored for subsequent analysis of quality parameters. 3. Ermellinata (EA) chickens were significantly different from Padovana (PA) and Pepoi (PI) chickens for live, carcase and thigh weights. Breeds were also different for breast muscle protein content (EA > PI and PA), shear force (PA < EA and PI) and cooking loss (PI > PA and EA) values. 4. The CIE system values of lightness (L*), redness (a*), and yellowness (b*) evidenced a distinctive darker meat and lighter skin colour of PA breast meat. 5. Polyunsaturated fatty acids composition of breast meat was similar among the analysed breeds. EA had significantly higher saturated but significantly lower monounsaturated fatty acid contents than the other two breeds.     

Identification and quantification of subsidies relevant to the production of local and imported pig breeds in Vietnam

Livestock diversity contributes in many ways to human survival and well-being, while its loss reduces options for attaining sustainable agriculture and universal food security. The current rapid rate of loss of this diversity is the result of a number of underlying factors. While in some cases changes in production systems and consumer preferences reflect the natural evolution of developing economies and markets, in other cases production systems, breed choice and consumer preferences have been distorted by local, national and international policy. In the context of a widespread threat to local pig breeds in Vietnam, this paper identifies and quantifies the level of agricultural subsidies that are currently contributing to this process of breed substitution. Producer subsidies—which tend to improve the competitiveness of imported breeds and their crosses over local breeds—are shown to be considerable, and mitigating measures are now urgently needed to avoid an irreversible loss of livestock diversity.     

Opportunities for conservation and utilisation of local pig breeds in low-input production systems in Zimbabwe and South Africa

Purpose and methods

In situ conservation of pig genetic resources requires understanding of the farming systems under which the pigs are kept. The objective of the study was to characterise smallholder pig production systems where indigenous pigs are kept in order to assess opportunities for in situ conservation of these pigs. Factors influencing pig herd sizes, ranking of pigs in smallholder production systems, breeds and breed preferences, pig ownership patterns, traits preferred by farmers and constraints to production were investigated in a survey involving 199 farmers from Chirimhanzu District of Zimbabwe, Vhembe, Alfred Nzo and O. R. Tambo Districts of South Africa.

Results

Income was the major factor influencing most pig production related parameters. Most pigs (69.67 %) were owned by women, with most of the women falling into the very low income group. Farmers kept pigs for several reasons that were common across geographical zones and income groups. The odds of a farmer ranking pigs first in the production system depended on the absence of other livestock (P?<?0.05). Farmers in the higher income group tended to mention poor feed resources and access to information as constraints (P?<?0.05) compared to the very low income group. There was preference heterogeneity in the breeds kept and the reasons for breed choice across the income groups and geographical zones. Fewer farmers in the very low income group (42.62 %) recognised the need to conserve local pigs compared to the low income group (80.49 %), the medium income group (50.00 %) and the high income group (100.00 %; χ ²?=?19.14; P?<?0.001).

Conclusions

It was concluded that farmers see value in local pigs and are willing to conserve them. In situ conservation programmes are possible and these should recognise the role of poor women in conserving and enhancing indigenous pig genetic resources.