同/异型发酵乳酸菌对玉米秸秆青贮品质及有氧稳定性的影响

本试验研究了同/异型乳酸菌对玉米秸秆青贮品质及有氧稳定性的影响,旨在提高玉米秸秆青贮饲料的品质。本试验以不同类型乳酸菌为单因素开展,分别设计以下处理组：对照组(CK)不添加任何制剂,(T)添加同型乳酸菌制剂,(Y)添加异型乳酸菌制剂,(TY)同时添加同型和异型乳酸菌制剂。玉米秸秆青贮发酵60天后取样,对青贮饲料的各项发酵指标、营养成分、微生物数量和有氧稳定时间进行测定。结果表明：各试验组青贮的发酵品质、营养品质、乳酸菌数量和有氧稳定时间均优于CK组,酵母菌、霉菌和好氧细菌数量均显著低于CK组。其中Y组在降低青贮饲料的酵母菌、霉菌、好氧细菌数量,提高乙酸、干物质含量和有氧稳定性上优于T组和TY组;T组在降低青贮饲料pH、粗纤维含量,提高乳酸、粗蛋白含量和乳酸菌数量上优于Y和TY组;TY组在发酵指标与营养成分上与T组和Y组差异不大,在微生物数量上与T组无显著差异,在有氧稳定性上与Y组无显著性差异。本试验表明添加同型发酵乳酸菌和异型发酵乳酸菌均能够提高玉米秸秆青贮的发酵品质和有氧稳定性,综合各项指标,各处理组按照青贮饲料的优劣排序为：Y组>TY组>T组>CK组。本试验可为玉...     

不同乳酸菌添加剂对青贮黑麦草和青贮玉米发酵产物和有氧稳定性的影响

在青贮黑麦草(Lolium perenne)和青贮玉米(Zea mays)中添加鼠李糖乳杆菌和布氏乳杆菌,研究其对发酵产物与有氧稳定性的影响.青贮饲料贮藏时间为14,56和120 d.无添加青贮黑麦草发酵产物中乙醇含量较多,在14 d开封时,乙醇和2,3-丁二醇含量为乳酸和挥发性脂肪酸总和的7倍.添加鼠李糖乳杆菌与布氏乳杆菌可以抑制乙醇型发酵,使乳酸型与乙酸型发酵占主导.无添加青贮黑麦草与添加鼠李糖乳杆菌的黑麦草发生了有氧腐败,但是添加布氏乳杆菌的黑麦草保持了有氧稳定.在青贮玉米中,添加鼠李糖乳杆菌未影响发酵品质,但添加布氏乳杆菌增加了发酵产物中乙酸含量,降低了乳酸含量.添加布氏乳杆菌的青贮玉米从56 d开封开始保持了有氧稳定,其它组在120 d开封时保持了有氧稳定,所有组乙酸含量都增加.     

TMR青贮中存在的乳酸菌对意大利黑麦草青贮的发酵品质和有氧稳定性的影响

试验研究了25℃和35℃贮存时,TMR青贮中存在的乳酸菌Lactobacillus panis、Lactoba-cillus frumenti以及Lactobacillus farciminis对意大利黑麦草青贮的发酵品质、有氧稳定性及其微生物群态的影响。试验结果表明:不同温度贮存青贮的p H值差异不显著,相同温度的添加组的p H值极显著低于对照组(P0.01);25℃贮存的青贮乳酸含量极显著高于35℃贮存青贮(P0.01),相同温度贮存,添加组乳酸含量极显著高于对照组(P0.01);不同温度贮存青贮的醋酸含量无显著性差异,25℃贮存L.panis和L.frumenti添加组醋酸含量显著高于对照组和L.farciminis组(P0.05)。青贮饲料开封后,在空气中放置一周后,所有青贮的p H值都升高,表明发生了有氧变败。TMR青贮中存在的乳酸菌的添加可以改变意大利黑麦草青贮的发酵产物,但是抑制有氧变败的作用较小。     

添加乳酸菌对开窖后玉米青贮品质及有氧稳定性的影响

玉米青贮时,设计4个添加乳酸菌处理:CK处理(不加任何菌剂);T处理(同型发酵乳酸菌);Y处理(异型发酵乳酸菌);TY处理(同型+异型发酵乳酸菌)。以60d为发酵期,检测各处理开窖后第0、48、96、144、192、240h品质变化及有氧稳定性。结果表明Y处理水溶性碳水化合物含量始终显著高于其余处理(P<0.05),Y和TY处理的有氧稳定性显著高于CK和T处理(P<0.05),分别达到195.58h和196.21h,且乙酸含量始终显著高于CK和T处理(P<0.05)。T处理pH值始终显著低于其余处理(P<0.05),且乳酸含量始终显著高于CK和Y处理(P<0.05)。综合评价排序:Y处理>TY处理>T处理>CK处理。因此,玉米青贮时单一添加异型乳酸菌,在改善青贮品质、提高开窖后有氧稳定性方面均优于在玉米青贮中单一添加同型或复合添加乳酸菌。     

添加剂对西藏混合青贮发酵品质和有氧稳定性的影响

为评价添加糖蜜、山梨酸钾和山梨酸钾+糖蜜对西藏地区燕麦(Avena sativa)和紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)(7:3)混合青贮发酵品质和有氧稳定性的影响,设对照组(C),4%糖蜜组(M),0.15%山梨酸钾组(S)和山梨酸钾+糖蜜(S+M)4个处理,青贮后第30,45,60 d开窖取样,测定青贮饲料的发酵品质,其他青贮窖在发酵60 d后全部打开,暴露于空气中5,10,15 d后取样分析其有氧稳定性.结果表明:与对照组相比,M组及S+M组pH显著降低,乳酸含量显著升高(P<0.05),有效地改善了混合青贮发酵品质,S组改善效果不显著.有氧暴露过程中,对照组和M组pH值迅速升高,乳酸含量显著减少(P<0.05),S组和S+M组的pH值、乳酸、水溶性碳水化合物等含量相对稳定.表明S+M组既能提高燕麦和紫花苜蓿混合青贮发酵品质,又能改善有氧稳定性.     

添加不同乳酸菌对青贮玉米和青贮黑麦草发酵品质、有氧稳定性的影响

[目的]研究添加乳酸片球菌(PA)与短乳杆菌(LB)对青贮玉米和青贮黑麦草发酵品质、有氧稳定性的影响.[方法]选用从发酵TMR中分离出的乳酸片球菌和短乳杆菌,设置对照组(添加自来水)、PA组(添加乳酸片球菌)、LB组(添加短乳杆菌)和PA+LB组(乳酸片球菌和短乳杆菌联合添加)4个处理组,进行全株玉米和黑麦草的青贮发酵...     

不同种类微生物对青贮发酵及有氧稳定性的影响

青绿饲料靠产酸益生菌在厌氧条件下发酵成为可长期储存的青贮饲料,在青贮发酵中不同种类微生物发挥各自的作用。文章就青贮饲料微生物种类、它们对发酵过程的影响和对有氧稳定性或抑制二次发酵的作用进行论述,以便为研究和实际生产提供借鉴。     

不同发酵类型乳酸菌对低水分粳稻秸秆青贮发酵品质及有氧稳定性的影响

为探讨不同发酵类型乳酸菌对低水分粳稻(Oryza saliva subsp keng)秸秆发酵品质和有氧稳定性的影响,本试验以稻秸(含水量50.47%)为青贮材料,设有4组,即对照组(CS),布氏乳杆菌H4001组(HS,5×10~6 cfu·g~(-1)FM),植物乳杆菌S2406组(SS,5×10~6 cfu·g~(-1) FM)及植物乳杆菌与布氏乳杆菌混合组(MS,5×10~6 cfu·g~(-1)FM),发酵时间60d,取青贮粳稻秸秆样品测定其青贮品质及有氧稳定性。结果表明:同型发酵乳酸菌植物乳杆菌S2409可显著降低青贮的pH值和氨态氮含量(P0.05),提高青贮的乳酸、粗蛋白和干物质含量(P0.05),而异型发酵乳酸菌布氏乳杆菌H4001可显著提高青贮的乙酸、水溶性碳水化合物和中性洗涤纤维的含量(P0.05)。同型发酵乳酸菌和异型发酵乳酸菌在青贮开窖后可分别延长青贮的有氧稳定性时间36h、65h。混合组发酵品质及有氧稳定性均显著优于对照组。结合不同情况单独或混合使用不同发酵类型乳酸菌可获得更加优质的青贮饲料。     

乳酸菌和纤维素酶对马铃薯渣与玉米秸秆混合青贮发酵品质、有氧稳定性和体外发酵参数的影响

试验旨在探究乳酸菌和纤维素酶对不同比例马铃薯渣与玉米秸秆混合青贮发酵品质、有氧稳定性和体外发酵参数的影响.以马铃薯渣和玉米秸秆为原料,按照鲜重质量比6:4(PC1组)和8:2(PC2组)混合配制青贮饲料,并分别添加乳酸菌(LAB)、纤维素酶(EN)、乳酸菌和纤维素酶(LAB+EN)构成处理组,对照组不添加LAB和EN,...     

添加剂对温湿生境青贮玉米发酵品质及有氧稳定性的影响

为探讨不同添加剂对贵州温暖湿润气候环境下生长的全株玉米（Zea mays L.）青贮饲料发酵品质及有氧稳定性的影响,试验选用贵州本土常见的玉米品种进行全株青贮,设对照组和添加剂组（乳酸菌制剂、食盐、丙酸）。青贮60 d后开封,测定青贮饲料的发酵品质、化学成分和有氧稳定性。结果表明：各组发酵品质均较好,感官评价能达到一级优良,有机酸评分均为满分。有氧稳定性表现最好的为丙酸组,为110.5 h,显著高于除食盐处理组之外其它组（P<0.05）。各添加剂处理组均能改善全株玉米青贮饲料的营养水平,采用模糊数学隶属函数法对营养水平进行评价排名,结果表现为：丙酸组 > 乳酸菌制剂组 > 食盐组 > 对照组。因此,全株玉米青贮时不使用添加剂也能获得发酵品质较好的青贮料;综合考虑营养水平和有氧稳定性,在贵州温暖湿润气候环境下,选用丙酸为全株玉米青贮添加剂最适宜。     

Screening of antifreeze-thawed lactic acid bacteria and their effects on oat silage fermentation quality and aerobic stability北大核心CSCD

The effects of freeze-thaw conditions on the fermentation quality and aerobic stability of oat silage were investigated. Four strains of freeze-thaw-resistant lactic acid bacteria（LAB）with rapid growth and efficient acid production were screened from 437 strains,which had been isolated from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Based on physiological and biochemical characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequence alignment,the four strains were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum 157（LP157）,L. plantarum 160（LP160）,Lactobacillus brevis 248（LB248）,and Lactobacillus pentosus 260（LPE260）. In order to investigate their effects on the fermentation quality,nutrient composition,microbial counts and aerobic stability of oat silage under freeze-thaw conditions,seven treatments were tested as follows：1）LP157;2）LP160;3）LB248;4）LPE260;5）LP160+Lactobacillus rhamnosus 753 mixture （MIX）;6）A commercial bacterial silage additive（COM）;7）The same amount of sterilized distilled water（CK）. All treatments were ensiled for 60 days at a constant temperature of 20 ℃ and under a 20 ℃/-5 ℃ regime alternating every 12 h（freeze-thaw）. LP inoculation improved silage quality：The pH and dry matter loss in silages inoculated with LP157,LP160,LB248 and LPE260 were significantly lower than CK（P<0. 05）and lactic acid and acetic acid contents were significantly higher than CK（P<0. 05）,and the growth of spoilage micro-organisms such as coliform bacteria,yeast and mold were inhibited,both with fermentation at constant 20 ℃ and under freeze-thaw conditions. After aerobic exposure for 5 days,the pH and NH3-N of silages treated with LP157,LP160,LB248 and LPE260 were significantly（P<0. 05） lower than CK,MIX and COM. The aerobic stability of oat silage was improved,especially when inoculated with LP160（70 h vs. CK 11 h）. The results show that the four screened strains can be used as effective LAB inoculants for silage preparation in the freeze-thaw environment of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. © 2022 Editorial Office of Acta Prataculturae Sinica. All rights reserved.     

Fermentation quality and aerobic stability of mulberry silage prepared with lactic acid bacteria and propionic acid

The objective of this study was to examine the fermentation quality and aerobic stability of mulberry (Morus alba L.) silage prepared with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and propionic acid (PA). The selected LAB strains Lactobacillus (L.) plantarum LC365281 (L1) and L. brevis LC365282 (L2), and commercial inoculant strains L. plantarum Gaofuji (GF) and L. buchneri Fresh (FR), and PA were used as additives for silage preparation. Silage treatments were designed as control, L1, L2, GF, FR, PA, PA + L1, PA + L2, PA + GF, or PA + FR. After 30 days of ensiling, the fermentation quality of silages treated with PA + L1 was improved, with a lower (p < 0.05) pH and NH₃‐N content than those of other treatments. During the aerobic exposure, the PA + LAB‐treated silages displayed an aerobic stability with stable pH value and lactic acid content. The results confirm that L. plantarum L1 and PA were the best additive combination for ensiling mulberry.     

Effect of grape pomace on fermentation quality and aerobic stability of sweet sorghum silage

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of grape pomace (GP) with different adding levels (0%, 5%, 10% and 15%, fresh matter basis), alone (GP‐LAB) or in combine with an inoculant LAB (GP+LAB), on the fermentation quality and aerobic stability of sweet sorghum silage. After 90 days of ensiling in vacuumized mini‐silos, silages were subject to a 7‐day aerobic stability test, in which chemical, microbial and polyphenol composition were measured. In the GP‐LAB group, adding GP decreased (P < 0.05) concentrations of water‐soluble carbohydrate (WSC) and butyric acid in silage. In the GP+LAB group, adding GP increased (P < 0.05) concentrations of lactic acid, WSC and crude protein, decreased (P < 0.05) final pH value, NH₃‐N ratio and butyric acid concentration in silage. Polyphenol level was reduced (P < 0.05) after silage fermentation. During aerobic exposure, the fungi count, pH value and silage temperature increased (P < 0.05), the levels of lactic acid, acetic acid and polyphenols (quercetin 3‐O‐glucoside and quercetin 3‐O‐glucuronid) decreased (P < 0.05) in silage. GP+LAB treated silage had a lag phase for aerobic spoilage. When the fermentation products, microbial counts, chemical and polyphenol composition were considered, the use of 10% GP+LAB at ensiling could provide a valuable source for improved fermentation quality and aerobic stability of sweet sorghum silage.     

不同水分吸附材料对象草青贮发酵品质及好氧稳定性的影响

象草收获时往往具有较高水分,单独青贮发酵品质不佳。为提高象草青贮品质,研究了不同水分吸附材料对象草青贮发酵品质和好氧稳定性的影响。处理设为对照、分别添加象草鲜重10%的米糠、小麦粉、干豆腐渣和麦麸。青贮60 d后分析发酵品质和好氧稳定性。结果表明:所有添加处理均比对照显著增加了青贮原材料的干物质(DM,P<0.01),降低了缓冲能(P<0.05);青贮后,所有添加处理均显著提高了乳酸含量(P<0.01)。添加小麦粉显著增加了丁酸(0.81%DM)和氨态氮(NH₃-N,14.40%TN)含量(P<0.05),而其他添加处理无显著影响(P>0.05),添加干豆腐渣的处理丁酸和氨态氮含量最低,分别只有0.04%DM和9.75%TN。添加小麦粉和干豆腐渣对青贮饲料好氧稳定性改善效果最佳。综合比较分析营养特性、青贮发酵品质和好氧稳定性,添加干豆腐渣的处理青贮效果最优。     

Effect of applying lactic acid bacteria and propionic acid on fermentation quality and aerobic stability of oats‐common vetch mixed silage on the Tibetan plateau

The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of lactic acid bacteria and propionic acid on the fermentation quality and aerobic stability of oats‐common vetch mixed silage by using a small‐scale fermentation system on the Tibetan plateau. (i) An inoculant (Lactobacillus plantarum) (L) or (ii) propionic acid (P) or (iii) inoculant + propionic acid (PL) were used as additives. After fermenting for 60 days, silos were opened and the aerobic stability was tested for the following 15 days. The results showed that all silages were well preserved with low pH and NH₃‐N, and high lactic acid content and V‐scores. L and PL silages showed higher (P < 0.05) lactic acid and crude protein content than the control silage. P silage inhibited lactic acid production. Under aerobic conditions, L silage had similar yeast counts as the control silage (> 10⁵ cfu/g fresh matter (FM)); however, it numerically reduced aerobic stability for 6 h. P and PL silages showed fewer yeasts (< 10⁵ cfu/g FM) (P < 0.05) and markedly improved the aerobic stability (> 360 h). The result suggested that PL is the best additive as it could not only improved fermentation quality, but also aerobic stability of oats‐common vetch mixed silage on the Tibetan plateau.     

不同乳酸菌添加剂对全株玉米青贮品质、瘤胃降解率及有氧稳定性的影响

试验旨在研究不同种类乳酸菌对全株玉米青贮品质、瘤胃降解率及有氧稳定性的影响,筛选适合全株玉米青贮发酵的最佳乳酸菌添加剂.以蜡熟期收割的全株玉米为材料,分别调制5种乳酸菌添加剂青贮和无添加青贮(对照组),发酵60 d以后取样,测定其发酵品质、营养成分、瘤胃降解率及有氧稳定性.结果 表明:发酵60 d后,对照组和各处理组青...     

添加乳酸菌和纤维素酶对苜蓿青贮品质的影响

初花期收获的苜蓿(Medicago sativa)经过0、8、32 h的晾晒,添加乳酸菌和纤维素酶进行青贮。结果表明,苜蓿凋萎（干物质含量为38.45%）青贮可以使青贮料的氨态氮含量显著降低,并保存有更多的粗蛋白质,生成更多的乳酸。苜蓿青贮时添加乳酸菌和纤维素酶能明显改善苜蓿青贮料的发酵品质,即降低青贮料的氨态氮含量和保存更多的粗蛋白质以及生成更多的乳酸。晾晒8 h的苜蓿添加乳酸菌（106 cfu/g）和纤维素酶（0.05 g/kg）的青贮效果最好;而晾晒32 h的苜蓿直接青贮的效果最好。     

同/异质型乳酸菌添加对全株玉米青贮发酵特性、营养品质及有氧稳定性的影响

本试验旨在探讨同/异质型乳酸菌对全株青贮玉米发酵特征、营养品质及微生物的影响,为改善青贮玉米青贮的发酵特性,提高其营养品质和有氧稳定性开辟新途径。试验采用真空袋法调制全株青贮玉米,添加不同的乳酸菌菌剂发酵全株青贮玉米,处理分别为:不添加任何菌剂(CK);复合同质型乳酸菌菌剂植物乳杆菌+戊糖片球菌(T),添加量为1∶1,1×10⁵ cfu/g;异质型乳酸菌菌剂布氏乳杆菌(Y),添加量为4×10⁵ cfu/g和复合同、异质型乳酸菌(T+Y)。通过对4个处理发酵第60天发酵特性、营养品质、微生物含量以及开袋第5天有氧稳定性、微生物含量和CO₂产气量的测定。结果表明,发酵第60天各指标按大小排序,pH为T+Y>T>CK>Y(P=0.001),乳酸含量为T+Y>Y>T>CK(P=0.095),氨态氮含量为T+Y>Y>T>CK(P=0.011),乙酸含量为Y>T+Y>CK>T(P=0.032),酵母菌数量为T+Y>T>Y>CK(P=0.023),霉菌数量为T+Y>T>Y>CK(P=0.028),干物质含量为T+Y>T>Y>CK(P=0.020),可溶性糖含量为CK>T+Y>Y>T(P=0.190),中性洗涤纤维含量为Y>CK>T+Y>T(P=0.001),酸性洗涤纤维含量为CK>T>Y>T+Y(P=0.730),粗灰分含量为T+Y>T>Y>CK(P=0.030),对于好氧细菌、乳酸菌数量、粗蛋白、酸性洗涤木质素、淀粉、粗脂肪含量均无显著影响(P>0.05)。开袋第5天各指标按大小排序pH为T+Y>T>CK>Y(P=0.001),CO₂产气量为CK>T>Y>T+Y(P=0.007),霉菌数量为T+Y>Y>T>CK(P=0.001),有氧稳定性为Y>T+Y>CK>T(P=0.021),对于好氧细菌、乳酸菌和酵母菌数量无显著影响(P>0.05)。采用隶属函数法综合各项指标进行评价,各处理按优劣排序为Y(0.652)>T+Y(0.528)>CK(0.492)>T(0.441)。     

添加乙酸对西藏燕麦和紫花苜蓿混合青贮发酵品质和有氧稳定性的影响

为探讨不同水平乙酸对燕麦和紫花苜蓿(7∶3)混合青贮发酵品质和有氧稳定性的影响,试验设对照组和3个乙酸添加组(0.3%,0.4%,0.5%),青贮后第30,45和60天开窖取样,测定青贮饲料的发酵品质,同时60 d后打开剩余的所有实验室青贮窖,将青贮饲料暴露于空气中,测定青贮饲料有氧稳定性。结果表明,添加乙酸显著(P<0.05)降低了混合青贮饲料的pH,其中0.4%与0.5%乙酸处理组pH显著(P<0.05)低于0.3%乙酸处理组。青贮60 d后乙酸添加组乳酸含量显著(P<0.05)高于对照组,但处理组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。添加乙酸显著(P<0.05)降低了青贮过程中氨态氮/总氮,且氨态氮/总氮随着乙酸添加量的增加呈下降趋势(P>0.05)。各乙酸添加组水溶性碳水化合物均显著(P<0.05)高于对照组,其中0.4%乙酸添加组最高。在有氧暴露前10 d,各组pH和氨态氮/总氮基本保持稳定,其中乙酸添加组低于对照组。暴露10 d后各组pH均有上升,其中对照组显著(P<0.05)上升。在整个有氧暴露阶段,乳酸和水溶性碳水化合物含量逐渐下降,但各乙酸添加组均显著(P<0.05)高于对照组,其中0.4%乙酸添加组乳酸含量始终保持最高。综合考虑发酵品质和有氧稳定性,0.4%乙酸添加量最适宜。     

添加乳酸菌和菠萝皮对柱花草青贮品质的影响

柱花草是热带、亚热带的优质豆科牧草,蛋白含量高、营养品质好,为促进柱花草的加工利用,本试验研究了添加不同乳酸菌和菠萝皮对其青贮发酵品质和有氧稳定性的影响。青贮处理为CK(对照)、LQ(青贮宝)、LF(发酵乳杆菌)、LP(植物乳杆菌)、LS(鼠李糖乳杆菌)、B(20%菠萝皮)、BLQ(B+LQ)、BLF(B+LF)、BLP(B+LP)、BLS(B+LS)。添加处理后青贮60 d进行分析。结果表明,柱花草含有较少的可溶性碳水化合物和乳酸菌,自然青贮其pH超过5.0,发酵品质差;所有添加物都显著降低pH、增加乳酸含量(P＜0.05),明显改善了柱花草青贮料的发酵品质。单独添加菠萝皮的丁酸和NH₃-N含量显著高于所有单独添加乳酸菌(P＜0.05),pH与LP以外的其他3种乳酸菌差异不显著(P＞0.05)。除LP的乙酸含量较高,丁酸含量较低外,4种乳酸菌对其他各个发酵指标的影响没有显著差异(P＞0.05)。本试验所用4种乳酸菌与菠萝皮混合添加,都进一步改善了柱花草青贮料的发酵品质,特别是BLP的青贮效果最佳,其pH值、乙酸和NH₃-N含量低,乳酸含量及乳酸与乙酸比高。青贮袋开封后,包括对照在内的所有青贮料的有氧稳定性均较佳。