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灰飞虱对杀虫剂抗药性的研究进展 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
灰飞虱对杀虫剂产生抗药性是其近年来暴发频繁的重要原因。本文综述了国内外关于灰飞虱抗药性的研究成果,包括灰飞虱抗药性的发展、交互抗性、抗性机理、抗性遗传及生物适合度等。田间灰飞虱种群对多种药剂产生了不同程度的抗药性,其中对新烟碱类药剂吡虫啉和昆虫生长调节剂噻嗪酮产生了高水平到极高水平抗性(抗药性倍数分别为44.6~108.8倍和超过200倍),对有机磷类药剂毒死蜱和乙酰甲胺磷(抗药性倍数分别为10~12.6倍和9~13倍)、氨基甲酸酯类药剂甲萘威和残杀威(抗药性倍数分别为29.8~45.3倍和40.1~131.5倍)和拟除虫菊酯类药剂高效氯氰菊酯和溴氰菊酯(抗药性倍数分别为7.8~108.8倍和12~21倍)产生了中等水平到高水平的抗药性,对氟虫腈、阿维菌素和噻虫嗪没有产生抗药性(抗性倍数5倍)。长期大面积使用化学药剂是灰飞虱产生抗药性的重要原因。因此,必须加强灰飞虱的抗性治理,以延缓其抗药性进一步发展。 相似文献
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稻褐飞虱对杀虫剂的抗药性监测 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
1994,1995年用点滴法和药膜法,分别测定了监利县褐飞虱对甲胺磷,扑虱灵的抗性水平,结果表明,对甲胺磷的LD50两年分别为0.0166,0.0286μg/头,以郴州的LD50为敏感基线标准比较抗生倍数为1.5,2.7,扑虱灵的LC50两年分别为0.001523,0.002969mg/ml,以玉林的LC50为敏感基线标准比较。 相似文献
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螺旋粉虱(Aleurodicus dispersus)是一种世界性重要入侵害虫。针对其体型微小难以进行准确、快速鉴别,以及对其卵、若虫及不完整标本更是难以鉴别的难题,本文研究了它的分子标记快速检测方法。利用螺旋粉虱的CO I基因序列设计1对特异性引物,其扩增片段为399 bp。结果表明:此引物只对螺旋粉虱CO I基因具有特异性扩增,而对其他粉虱类昆虫不具有特异性扩增条带;该引物不仅能快速准确检测成虫,而且对其他虫态(卵、若虫和拟蛹等)亦具有同样的检测能力;同时,此检测方法灵敏度高,对成虫的检测限达到1/4000头。该检测方法的建立,为有效防控螺旋粉虱在我国的进一步扩散蔓延和危害提供了技术保障。 相似文献
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蔗斑翅粉虱Neomaskellia bersii(Signoret)属同翅目、粉虱科,是我国台湾及东南亚各国甘蔗的重要害虫之一。在我国大陆仅见福建省有分布报道。1991年我们在进行甘蔗病虫害调查时,首次发现我区亦有分布。 形态特征(见附图):[成虫]体表披粉。颈部及胸部暗褐色,腹部及足淡黄色。体长与翅长同为2毫米。复眼紫褐色。触角7节,第一、二节球状,第三节以后变细,线状稍弯曲,第三节最长,第四节至端节渐次短小。前翅黄白色,有暗褐色宽横带2 相似文献
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分别于1990年、1992年、2001年和2005年从山东泰安、山东夏津和湖北天门采集3个棉铃虫H elicoverpa arm igera种群,采用点滴法测定了4种杀虫剂对其的毒力,以监测各种群的抗药性变化趋势。结果表明:19901992年3个种群棉铃虫对氰戊菊酯的抗性增长迅速(13.256.1倍);19922001年抗性增长速度有所减缓(3.111.0倍);20012005年抗性水平降低。3个种群棉铃虫对灭多威和辛硫磷的抗性变化趋势与氰戊菊酯的基本相似,但抗性水平较低;对硫丹则均一直处于敏感水平。引起抗药性变化的原因主要与各类药剂的使用频率和转B t基因抗虫棉的大面积推广有关。 相似文献
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BACKGROUND: Neonicotinoid insecticides were first used commercially for Colorado potato beetle [Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae] control in the United States in 1995, and since then have been critical for management of this pest. Field populations from the northeastern and midwestern United States were tested from 1998 to 2010 for susceptibility to imidacloprid and thiamethoxam using standard topical dose assays with adults. RESULTS: From 1998 to 2001, imidacloprid resistance was present in only a few locations in the eastern United States. By 2003, imidacloprid resistance was common in the northeastern Unites States. In 2004, imidacloprid resistance in Colorado potato beetle was detected for the first time in the midwestern United States. In 2003, the first case of resistance to thiamethoxam was found in a population from Massachusetts. Neonicotinoid resistance in summer‐generation adults was higher than in overwintered adults from the same locations. By 2009, 95% of the populations tested from the northeastern and midwestern United States had significantly higher LD50 values for imidacloprid than the susceptible population. CONCLUSIONS: The increasing resistance to neonicotinoid insecticides raises concerns for the continued effective management of Colorado potato beetles in potatoes and highlights the need for more rigorous practice of integrated pest management methods. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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近年来,褐飞虱田间种群已对多种药剂产生了抗性,为筛选可防控褐飞虱的高效药剂,2020年-2022年采用稻茎浸渍法连续测定了安徽省庐江县褐飞虱种群对三氟苯嘧啶、呋虫胺、烯啶虫胺、吡蚜酮、氟啶虫胺腈等5种药剂的抗性水平,并在庐江县开展了不同药剂对褐飞虱田间防效试验。室内抗性监测结果表明,2020年-2022年褐飞虱种群对吡蚜酮始终处于高水平抗性(抗性倍数104.6~154.4倍),对呋虫胺的抗性从中等水平上升至高水平(抗性倍数77.7~157.2倍),对氟啶虫胺腈、烯啶虫胺处于中等水平抗性(氟啶虫胺腈抗性倍数21.3~64.5倍、烯啶虫胺抗性倍数14.6~22.6倍),对三氟苯嘧啶处于敏感状态。庐江单季稻试验田田间试验结果表明,在推荐高剂量下,20%三氟苯嘧啶WG、10%异唑虫嘧啶SC等介离子杀虫剂对褐飞虱速效性和持效性表现较好,除了药后1 d 20%三氟苯嘧啶WG防效为74.72%外,2种药剂3~14 d的防效都在80%以上;50%烯啶虫胺SG、22%氟啶虫胺腈SC防效次之,药后1 d防效在67.63%~71.61%,药后3 d至7 d防效有所提高,为77.16%~84.13%,而药后14 d防效降为71.52%~75.77%;50%吡蚜酮WG药后1~7 d防效均在约70%,而药后14 d下降为62.12%;20%氟啶虫酰胺SC、20%呋虫胺WG、10%醚菊酯SC速效性和持效性都表现较差,药后1~14 d防治效果都在80%以下。结合室内抗药性监测和田间防治效果,说明三氟苯嘧啶等介离子类杀虫药剂作为新型杀虫剂品种,可与新烟碱类、吡蚜酮及其混剂交替轮换使用,用于抗药性褐飞虱的治理。 相似文献
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温室白粉虱和烟粉虱常混合发生,危害严重。丽蚜小蜂是粉虱类害虫的重要寄生性天敌,被广泛应用于温室作物上粉虱的防控。本文分别以温室白粉虱和烟粉虱作为扩繁寄主,经多代连续扩繁,各自建立起稳定的丽蚜小蜂种群(分别以W1和W2表示),以这两种小蜂种群为天敌试虫,研究了其对不同寄主植物上混合发生的两种寄主粉虱若虫的寄生选择性及其后代蜂生长发育适应度表现。结果表明,番茄、茄子、菜豆上温室白粉虱和烟粉虱的同龄若虫同时存在时,小蜂W1和W2均偏好寄生于温室白粉虱,且寄生其若虫内后代蜂的发育历期显著短于寄生烟粉虱若虫内的发育历期;黄瓜上两种粉虱混合存在时W1偏好寄生于烟粉虱,且寄生其若虫内后代蜂的发育历期显著短于寄生温室白粉虱若虫内的发育历期,但寄主植物及粉虱对丽蚜小蜂的羽化率均无显著影响。综合来看,无论饲养寄主为温室白粉虱或是烟粉虱,丽蚜小蜂均偏好寄生温室白粉虱,且寄生温室白粉虱内的后代蜂发育适合度较高,这对指导寄生蜂的人工饲养及有效利用具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。 相似文献
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BACKGROUND: A wide range of methods has been used for monitoring resistance in Cydia pomonella L. However, the results from specific tests are not always concordant and they generate doubts over the extent to which the data represent the field situation. Therefore, the variability in the expression of resistance mechanisms and in resistance ratios between developmental stages and their reliability in a field situation were studied. RESULTS: Neonate larvae showed the highest insecticide resistance, except to spinosad. Resistance ratios were from 2 to 9.5, depending on the insecticide and the strain tested, when compared with the susceptible strain. Spinosad exhibited the highest resistance ratio for diapausing larvae (4.4, 12.2 and 4.4 for Raz, Rdfb and RΔ strains, respectively). Enzymatic ratios were higher in adults than in neonates or diapausing larvae, and the highest enzymatic ratios were observed for mixed‐function oxidases (7.3–36.7 for adults of resistant strains). CONCLUSIONS: The sensitivity of different instars depends on the insecticides used, and there is a differential expression of resistance mechanisms between stages. For the population considered in this study, tests on neonates provided the most consistent results to the field situation, but adult response to chlorpyrifos‐ethyl and azinphos‐methyl in the laboratory was also consistent with the field results. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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杀虫剂抗性监测技术研究进展 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
本文介绍了生物化学技术和分子生物学技术在害虫抗性监测中的应用进展。免疫盘分析法和斑点法能准确地监测具E4酯酶扩增和不敏感性乙酰胆碱酯酶的抗性频率,多种建立在PCR技术基础之上的抗性基因监测法也显示了巨大的应用潜力。 相似文献