Strategies for mechanical ventilation

With the advancement of veterinary critical care medicine, an increasing number of veterinary patients are being supported with positive-pressure ventilation. Animals with potentially reversible ventilatory failure (PaCO2 > 60 mmHg) caused by neuromuscular disease or pulmonary parenchymal disease or with pulmonary parenchymal disease causing hypoxemia (PaO2 < 60) despite supplemental oxygen are candidates for ventilatory support. The equation of motion for the respiratory system is defined and is used to describe the potential interactions between the patient and the ventilator. Commonly used modes of ventilation are described in terms of control and phase variables. The intent of this report is to aid clinicians in choosing an optimal ventilatory strategy for each patient that will best achieve the desired physiologic goals with minimal detrimental side effects.     

断奶仔猪的饲喂方案

不管仔猪断奶早与晚,断奶仔猪的饲喂方案和营养策略应彻底地重新考虑,以确保保育期营养方案的成功实施。设计合理的营养方案和饲料预算不能独自确保保育方案的成功,必须配合其它措施。我们正开始明白,不但给幼龄猪喂什么饲料是重要的,而且教它们怎样采食和如何进行管理同样重要。一个成功的保育期饲喂方案包括多种要素,但最重要的是:A)尽可能从体重较重和日龄较大时开始保育;B)尽可能快地从复杂日粮转换为简单日粮;C)给仔猪提供正确的管理措施,使其能迅速找到食物和饮水,并经常调整喂料器,以获得最佳的饲料效率。     

低碳经济对我国农牧企业发展的启示

全球性的金融危机，在一定范围内导致我国农业企业出现了不同程度的生产经营困难、资金短缺、开工不足，效益下滑的不利局面。与此同时，随着国际社会对全球变暖问题关注度的不断提高，低碳经济作为一种全新的发展模式迅速为世界各国所接受并实践，我国政府也支持并积极发展低碳经济。在金融危机之下，农业企业如何抓住我国发展低碳经济的契机，捕捉新的市场机会发展壮大呢？     

Strategies for Using eFSH for Superovulating Mares

The standard treatment for superovulation of mares is to administer equine follicle-stimulating hormone (eFSH) for 4 to 5 days to stimulate multiple follicles and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) to induce synchronous ovulations. Objectives of this study were: (1) to determine whether a short-term (3-day) eFSH treatment protocol would result in similar ovulation and embryo recovery rates compared with the standard eFSH protocol; (2) to determine the efficacy of a decreasing dose of eFSH (step-down protocol) on ovulation rate and embryo recovery; (3) to compare the efficacy of hCG and recombinant equine luteinizing hormone (reLH) for inducing ovulation in FSH-treated mares; and (4) to compare embryo recovery rates and embryo size when mares are flushed at 6.5 or 7.0 days after ovulation. Forty light-horse mares were used in 2005 (experiment 1) and 20 different mares were used in 2006 (experiment 2). In experiment 1, mares were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: (1) untreated controls, (2) standard eFSH treatment (12.5 mg intramuscularly twice daily), and (3) 3-day eFSH treatment. In experiment 2, mares were randomly assigned to one of four treatments: (1) untreated controls, (2) standard eFSH protocol, (3) 3-day eFSH treatment, and (4) step-down eFSH treatment (12.5 mg twice daily day 1, 8.0 mg twice daily day 2, 4.0 mg twice daily day 3). Within each treatment, mares were given either hCG (2,500 IU) or equine LH (750 mg, EquiPure LH; reLH) to induce synchronized ovulations. Embryo recovery was performed either 6.5 or 7.0 days after ovulation. In experiment 1, numbers of preovulatory follicles and ovulations were less for mares in the 3-day treatment group than the standard group, but were greater than for controls. Embryo recovery per flush was higher in the standard group (2.6) than the 3-day eFSH treatment (0.8) or control groups (0.8). In experiment 2, the number of preovulatory follicles and number of ovulations were greater in the standard and 3-day treatment groups than in control and step-down groups. The percent embryo recovery per ovulation and mean embryo grade were similar for all groups; however, the embryo recovery per flush was higher for mares in the standard treatment than controls (1.3 vs 0.6) but was similar to the 3-day (1.1) and step-down (0.8) treatments. Embryo recovery was similar for flushes performed on days 6.5 and 7.0 post-ovulation. The percentage of control mares ovulating within 48 hours in response to hCG or reLH was similar. In contrast, a higher percentage of eFSH-treated mares ovulated within 48 hours in response to reLH than hCG (92% vs 71%). In both years, the 3-day eFSH treatment protocol resulted in a greater number of preovulatory follicles and a greater number of ovulations than untreated controls. Unfortunately, the increased ovulation rate for mares administered eFSH for 3 days did not result in a greater number of embryos recovered per flush in either year. Use of a step-down eFSH treatment protocol resulted in fewer preovulatory follicles, fewer ovulations, and fewer embryos as compared with the standard eFSH treatment. In conclusion, the standard eFSH treatment resulted in a greater embryo recovery rate per cycle than either the 3-day or step-down treatment protocols. Recombinant equine LH was more effective than hCG in causing ovulation in eFSH-treated mares.     

雄蚕产业化发展战略的思考

本文在概述专养雄蚕优越性的基础上，从分析专养雄蚕的技术办，市场价值，市场需求等出发，得出了专养雄蚕产业化发展的有益性，并在此基础上提出了雄蚕产业化发展中产业链的建立，产业新格局的形成等若干战略性的意见和建议。     

加拿大猪肉行业发展策略

一种经济模式的优势可以使一个行业、一个国家甚至一种文明得到改变和发展,但如果对它不做及时的调整和改变,就可能成为阻碍发展的劣势。     

疫灾损失发展补

~~疫灾损失发展补@华思言