M_(26)中间砧苹果树桥接复壮

矮化中间砧苹果树大量结果后,树势转弱,产量下降。这是因为中间砧制约了养分的输导。果树基砧上的萌蘖过多过旺证实了这一点。针对这个问题,我们利用苹果树基砧上的萌蘖进行桥接,效果不错。 具体方法是:在冬季剪除根蘖时,选留根部直径约0.5～1cm的根蘖1～2根,留作桥接砧木。在第2年3月下旬或4月上旬,果树发芽时用桥接方法把基砧上的根蘖嫁接在M_(26)中间砧木以上的果树中干上,然后用     

M_（26）中间砧苹果树安全越冬措施调查

Ｍ_（２６）中间砧苹果树安全越冬措施调查 刘金章（玉田县农林局０６４１００）在当前果树生产发展中，优种矮化密植无毒化是今后的发展方向，也即是实现两高一优农业发展的重要途径。为此我县于１９９２年重点栽植了５５０亩Ｍ２６中间砧苹果园，分别在郭家屯乡、玉田镇...     

M26自根砧与中间砧苹果树栽培表现初报

1998年选用以M26自根苗作砧木的苹果苗试栽建园,经多年观察,较中间砧苗有早果、质优、丰产、抗病和树势强健等特点,叶片感病虫率低,百叶重高19.2%,成花数多,盛花期提早1~3d(天),着色期提早10~15d(天),采收期提前10~30d(天),平均单果重增加14~44g,果形指数提高,唯有干性较差易倒伏,建议在海拔600~1100m已有中间砧苗成功栽培的塬区栽植。     

苹果树的矮化中间砧

苹果栽培过去多是采用乔化稀植的办法,这种果园,树体长得大,栽的棵数少,产量上升慢,经济收益低,管理不方便。近年来,为了经济利用土地和适应机械化管理,不少国家的苹果栽培,朝着矮化密植集约栽培方向发展。 苹果矮化密植栽培的途径很多,利用苹果矮化砧木则是其中应用比较广泛而且简便的途经之一,同是一个品种,嫁接在矮化砧木上的树,长得小,结果早,亩产高,品质好,管理方便和便于品种更新。 我所经过七年的苹果矮化砧木试验说明,矮化中间砧比矮化自根砧具有更大的优越性。它既具备矮化自根砧的五个特点,又克服了矮化自根砧繁殖较慢和土壤适应…     

新川中岛桃在黄河故道地区的表现

新川中岛是从川中岛白桃中选出的枝变优系。本场 1996年春引入试栽。该品种具有早实、果个大、色艳、风味香甜、丰产稳产等优点。成熟期介于大久保、冈山白之间 ,正值瓜果淡季 ,经济效益显著。1　试栽地概况试验地设在萧县圣泉乡袁楼果树试验园 ,属暖温带大陆性季风气候区 ,年均温 14.3℃ ,年降水 855mm,年日照时数 2 4 0 9小时 ,≥ 10℃的积温 4 62 3℃ ,无霜期2 0 6天。粘土或砂粘混合土 ,无灌溉条件。 1996年春定植 ,砧木为毛桃 ,株行距 3 m× 5m,面积 0 .4 hm2 。栽培管理水平一般。2　主要性状2 .1　果实性状　果实圆至椭圆形 ,端正 ,…     

苹果树矮化(中间砧)密植早期丰产试验报告

复县地处北纬39°44′,东径121°45′年降雨量643.6mm,年平均气温9.4℃,生长季日照1558小时,积温3483度,无霜期170天。栽培苹果已有76年的历史,年产量占全国第一位。果品调往20多个省市,每年出口3万吨左右。果树收入占全县农业总收入的30％以上。     

早熟有明桃在黄河故道地区的表现及栽培技术

早熟有明桃是有明白桃的早熟芽变 ,我国 2 0 0 0年春从韩国直接引入 ,2 0 0 1年开始在江苏丰县、沛县 ,安徽萧县、砀山县 ,山东单县等地试栽 ,目前已推广栽培14 0 hm2。各试点均表现出早熟、果面光洁美观、耐贮运的突出性状 ,现简介如下。果实近圆形 ,平均单果重 2 5 0～ 2 80 g,最大果重4 80 g,果皮底色乳白 ,果面粉红至鲜红色 ,茸毛稀、短 ,果顶圆、平 ,缝合线深 ,两侧不对称。果肉白色 ,近核处肉红色 ,不溶质 ,完熟后汁少而脆 ,风味浓甜 ,有香气 ,品质优。可溶性固形物含量 10 .8%～ 14 .3% ,粘核。树势中等 ,3年生树高 2 .8m,冠径 4 m,…     

珠红冠油桃在黄河故道地区表现好

珠红冠油桃系河北省石家庄地区油桃栽培品种中最新芽变的优质中晚熟桃,1999年春笔者引种1000株,定植在权集乡新世纪苗木示范基地,采取高密度露地栽培,每666.7平方米定植芽苗444株,生长期应用"前促后控"技术办法,加强肥水管理.     

黄河故道地区苹果树腐烂病发生现况及防治对策

调查了黄河故道苹果产区苹果树腐烂病的发生现状,分析了导致该地区苹果树腐烂病逐年加重的原因,根据国内苹果树腐烂病最新研究成果,结合黄河故道苹果产区生产实际情况,提出了减轻苹果树腐烂病发生危害的综合防治措施。     

春蜜桃在黄河故道地区引种表现及栽培要点

春蜜桃(中桃2号)是郑州果树研究所桃育种组育出的早熟白桃新品系。为了筛选出与本地成熟相近、综合性状更优的桃树新品种,本园2004年从郑州果树研究所引入春蜜桃接穗,高接在1～2年生毛桃砧木上,已结果2年。据观     

Effect of interstock (M.9 and M.27) on vegetative growth and yield of apple trees (cv “Annurca”)

With the purpose of obtaining apple plants with reduced vigour but deep and expanded root apparatus, more adapted for establishment of apple orchards in dry, windy areas and higher altitudes, different interstem/rootstock combinations were compared, using seedling as rootstock and, alternatively, two weak interstocks (M.9 and M.27). For all treatments the plants were grafted at two height from soil (10 and 20 cm), interposing interstock 10 or 20 cm long. Plants with interstock showed lower vegetative growth in comparison with control plants with a reduction of 80% (M.27) and of 50% (M.9) of canopy growth. Moreover, use of interstock determined, as compared with the control plants, an increase of fruit production and average fruit weight. It was noted that increasing the interstock length, caused reduction of plants vigour and fruit production. The results showed that, the combination “Annurca Rossa del Sud”/M.9 (10 cm long)/seedling rootstock (20 cm high) was the most efficient for productivity, early maturing and plant vigour control.     

Root damage affects nitrogen uptake and growth of young Fuji/M.26 apple trees

Summary

Effects of root damage during the transplant process on growth and nitrogen (N) uptake were studied with one-year-old bench-grafted Malus domestica Borkh ‘Fuji’ on M.26 rootstock apple nursery plants. Plants were potted after grafting and grown outside for one season. At the end of the season uniform trees were selected and randomly divided into four groups. One group of plants were moved into a 2°C cold room with soil and container intact (IR Treatment). Plants in other groups were removed from pots and stored as bareroot in the same cold room for three months. In the spring, bareroot plants were either: (1) transplanted with about 10% of the root system damaged during transplant (TP Treatment and Control-CK); or (2) root pruned by 25% (by volume) prior to transplant (RP treatment). Five trees from each treatment received 1 g of ¹⁵NH₄¹⁵NO₃ at 12, 41 and 76 d after repotting. Control (CK) trees received no N. Trees were harvested 10 d after each N application, and plant growth and total N and ¹⁵N content of different tissues were determined. Root pruning reduced plant total biomass and root biomass at the first two harvests, but the plants from the RP treatment had highest total plant biomass and root biomass at the third harvest. There was no significant difference in the new stem and leaf growth among IR, RP and CK treatments at harvests but the TP treatment reduced new shoot biomass. Plants with intact roots (IR) had the higher total N content while control plants (CK) had the lowest. Root pruning reduced ¹⁵N uptake rate at the first two harvests but promoted it at the third harvest. Our results suggest that plant growth and nutrient uptake was suppressed by root pruning/damage during transplanting only in the early season, and the negative effects on growth and N uptake were offset later in the season by compensative root regeneration.     

不同中间砧对国光苹果树生长发育的影响

用15个类型苹果砧木资源作国光苹果品种的中间砧，表现为嫁接亲和性均较好，部分组合有轻微的大小脚现象，河南海棠等9个砧木资源具有不同程度的矮化作用。不同砧（中间砧）穗组合的早期丰产性差异较大。但对果实单果重和品质影响不大。     

黄河故道地区果园覆草对果树生态环境及生长结果的影响

果园覆草可有效改善生态环境，缩减土壤温度的变动幅度；能增加土壤的有机质和有效性养分的含量；减少地表雨水径流，减少土壤水分蒸发，蓄水保墒；减轻土壤返碱；有利于土壤生物和微生物的活动，增加土壤的通透性；有利于稳定树势，促进根的吸收；提高果实的产量和品质，是生产无公害和有机果品的重要途径。     

苹果树缺钙的症状和原因及防止措施

钙是构成苹果树体的大量矿质元素之一,是各器官的重要组成元素,并具有重要的生理调节作用。缺钙会导致苹果树发生一些生理病害,影响果实产量和品质。1缺钙的症状1.1树体缺钙钙在苹果树体内很难移动,多存在于较老的组织中,因此,缺钙症状首先出现于幼嫩组织。根系和枝条生长点缺钙易坏死。幼叶边缘或近中脉处缺钙时会出现退绿斑点,2～3天后变棕褐色或绿褐色呈焦枯状,叶缘卷曲、皱缩或破裂。     

盛果期矮化中间砧‘烟富3号’苹果适宜负载量的研究

以8年生矮化中间砧‘烟富3号’苹果树为试材,研究了负载量对叶片生理、光合作用、冠层结构、果实品质及产量的影响。结果表明:中负载量时,叶片厚度和叶绿素含量较高,冠层截获直射和散射的能力最强,果实品质最好;高负载量时,叶面积指数最大,叶倾角最小,植株冠层截获光能的能力增强,叶片胞间CO₂浓度和蒸腾速率升高,净光合速率增加,但光向冠层深处透射能力和净同化率降低。综合分析认为,中负载量水平,即每平方厘米主干横截面积留4个果,折合667 m²产量4 000 kg,为盛果期矮化中间砧‘烟富3号’较适宜的负载量。     

Influence of growth regulators and light on in vitro shoot regeneration in M.26 apple roostock

Summary

The effects of different BA and IBA concentrations and dark/light combinations, applied during both the last proliferating subculture (LPS) and the regeneration phase (RP), on shoot regeneration from leaves were evaluated in M.26 apple rootstock. A positive influence on caulogenesis was found with a low cytokinin/auxin ratio in the medium during the LPS. The increase in IBA concentration from 0.49 μM to 4.92 μM in the LPS, along with the absence or the use of a low cytokinin concentration (0.89 μM) in the medium, enhanced the subsequent shoot regeneration from leaves. During the RP, a concentration of 22.2 μM BA gave the best caulogenesis results. During both the LPS and the RP, high IBA concentrations were able to replace the combined effect of a low IBA concentration and dark treatment; this could indicate that dark treatments interact with the auxin metabolism in the leaf caulogenesis response. Auxin application could not reproduce all the effects of dark treatments, suggesting that dark also affects other biochemical and/or physiological aspects, such as gibberellin metabolism. Moreover, cytokinins applied during both the LPS and the RP influenced the size of regenerated shoots.     

苹果凹果类病毒(ADFVd)的检测与序列分析

采集新疆焉耆地区的老果园的苹果树枝条、叶片和韧皮部,利用自行设计的方法提取总RNA,根据GenBank中的X99487序列设计引物,利用RT-PCR技术扩增出苹果凹果类病毒(ADFVd)特异条带,通过回收克隆测序,结果表明,获得的7条序列,有5条同源性很高,均在98%以上,另外2条的同源性只有85%左右,这7条序列均已在GenBank中登录(登录号:EU031497_EU031503)。在此基础上利用插入ADFVd目的DNA的质粒为模板,成功合成了地高辛标记的cDNA探针,该探针能很好地用于ADFVd的检测。同时利用原位RT-PCR技术,做了进一步检测,证明苹果叶片中有苹果凹果类病毒存在,主要分布在叶肉细胞的细胞核中。     

苹果矮化砧木SH_(40)和M_(26)铁吸收动力学参数比较

以苹果矮化砧木SH40、M26的生根试管苗为试材,采用水培方法,研究了根系铁离子吸收动力学特性。结果表明,苹果砧木幼苗对铁离子的吸收均符合Michaelis-Menten离子吸收动力学规律。除砧木类型外,铁离子吸收速率还受到介质供铁水平、处理时间、介质温度的影响。随着介质供铁水平的升高砧木铁离子吸收速率逐渐升高,与SH40相比,M26对铁有较强的吸收能力;温度升高铁离子吸收速率增强,处理时间越长铁离子吸收速率越低,在0-1h吸收速率最高。     

我国苹果种质资源研究现状与展望

简要介绍了近几年国内外苹果生产及贸易现状,并概述了我国4个苹果种质资源圃的建设情况和苹果属植物资源收集、保存工作。从农艺性状、品质性状、矮化性和无融合生殖等方面对苹果种质资源进行了系统的鉴定评价,并利用现代计算机技术,对501份苹果种质资源的性状鉴定和评价数据进行规范化处理,建成苹果种质资源信息数据库。目前苹果种质资源创新及利用主要体现在苹果新品种、矮化砧的选育和苹果无融合生殖利用3个主要方面,并提出今后我国苹果种质资源研究的重点和方向。