家猫的科学调教

猫性情温顺、活泼,给养猫的家庭带来更多的温馨和乐趣,是理想的家养观赏动物.为使猫更加惹人喜爱,成为捕鼠的能手,必须实行科学的调教,现将调教方法介绍如下.     

Haemobartonellosis in the Domestic Cat

Post-mortem examination of two cases of natural Haemobartonella felis infection in the cat is reported. In both cases haemobartonellosis was confirmed on blood smears from the diseased animals. The most noticeable macroscopic finding was a pronounced general anemia.The microscopic examination revealed hyperplasia of the bone marrow and a moderate extramedullary hematopoiesis in case 1 and in case 2 a reduction of the M/E index in the bone marrow.Keyword: haemobartonellosis, Haemobartonella felis, Eperythrozoon felis, feline infectious anemia, blood diseases, anemia     

Bicarotid Trunk in the Domestic Cat

The origin of the pair of common carotid arteries in the cat is inadequately described, and there are conflicting accounts in English veterinary anatomy textbooks published in the USA. We found one‐quarter of 40 adult domestic cats dissected had a bicarotid trunk (5 female, 5 male). When present, the bicarotid trunk arose from the brachiocephalic trunk approximately midway between the expected origins of the more frequently independently arising left and right common carotid arteries, and on average, it was 5.6 mm in length. Our findings make the incidence, topographical and measurement information available so that students and veterinarians can be aware of this not insignificant variation in branching of the major arteries, forming a bicarotid trunk, in the cranial mediastinum of domestic cats.     

Moderate Seasonality in Testis Function of Domestic Cat

Adult male domestic cats are known to produce sperm throughout the year, although sexual activity is influenced by geographical location. In the northern hemisphere, feral domestic cats reproduce usually between January and July. Thus, seasonality in testicular activity might be suggested. The aim of the present study was to investigate gametogene and endocrine activity of cat testis throughout the entire year. Testes and epididymides (n = 10-12 per month) were collected after castration. Spermatogenesis was quantified by assessment of testicular sperm per testis and by flow cytometric analysis of the cells with different DNA content. Sperm from cauda epididymis were evaluated according to motility and morphological integrity. Testicular testosterone concentration was determined by enzyme immunoassay. Testis mass and sperm production varied moderately throughout the year. Significant seasonal variations were observed in the proportion of cells in the G2/M phase of cell cycle (p = 0.004) and the meiotic transformation (ratio of haploid : tetraploid cells; p = 0.021). Changes in testicular testosterone concentration were more pronounced and showed periods with high (spring) and significantly reduced testosterone levels (autumn). A marked seasonal alteration (p < 0.001) with a peak in March was assessed in the percentage of progressively motile sperm. The proportion of morphological intact sperm was also significantly higher in spring compared with winter time (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the study suggests moderate seasonal changes in quantity of sperm, more pronounced annual variation in hormone production and a distinct seasonal influence on functional sperm parameters in domestic cat.     

冷冻家猫附睾精液效果初探

为了筛选出适宜冷冻家猫精液的稀释液、冷冻保护剂和解冻温度,本试验采用家猫附睾精液,分别用2种不同的稀释液,3种不同的冷冻保护剂进行稀释、冷冻和解冻。结果显示,Ⅱ号稀释液冷冻效果优于Ⅰ号稀释液。用乙二醇作为冷冻保护剂,解冻后家猫精子活率达到52.7%±4.9%,畸形率为37.3%±4.2%,顶体完整率为52.4%±4.1%,各项指标均显著高于甘油组和二甲基亚砜组（P<0.05）;其中甘油组解冻后活率为35.5%±7.6%,顶体完整率为39.8%±4.4%,高于二甲基亚砜组的33.6%±7.3%和39.1%±4.1%,但两者之间差异不显著（P>0.05）。37 ℃水浴解冻后顶体完整率为36.4%±8.7%,显著高于30 ℃水浴解冻后的25.3%±6.7%（P<0.05）,但它们之间的活力,畸形率差异不显著,总体上37 ℃的解冻效果优于30 ℃。因此,乙二醇和稀释液Ⅱ配合使用冷冻家猫附睾精液效果较好,37 ℃为较优解冻温度。     

Morphology of Coronary Ostia in Domestic Shorthair Cat

Diagnosis and treatment of heart diseases due to changes in the coronary vascularization need a detailed knowledge on the morphology and possible variations of the aortic valves and coronary ostia. This study was performed to clarify details on morphology of these structures in domestic cats. The tricuspid aortic valve was examined in 65 domestic shorthair cats. The location of coronary ostia was determined either inferior to (26 and 20%, left and right coronary ostium – LCO and RCO), at (65 and 66%) or superior to the intercommissural line (9 and 14%). In 13 cats (20%), accessory ostia were found either for left, right or both coronary arteries (LCA and RCA). Their position varied between specimens. They were located beyond the main ostium, at its edge, or inside just below the edge. In one cat, no main trunk of the LCA was found. In one cat, two accessory ostia next to the RCO were observed. Coronary ostia in cats show anatomical variants and morphological anomalies. This study provides basic data useful for, for example, angiography performed for diagnosis of cardiac diseases and as a basis for surgical interventions.     

Naturally Occurring Biventricular Noncompaction in an Adult Domestic Cat

A definitively diagnosed case of left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) has not been previously reported in a non‐human species. We describe a Maine Coon cross cat with echocardiographically and pathologically documented LVNC. The cat was from a research colony and was heterozygous for the cardiac myosin binding protein C mutation associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in Maine Coon cats (A31P). The cat had had echocardiographic examinations performed every 6 months until 6 years of age at which time the cat died of an unrelated cause. Echocardiographic findings consistent with LVNC (moth‐eaten appearance to the inner wall of the mid‐ to apical region of the left ventricle (LV) in cross section and trabeculations of the inner LV wall that communicated with the LV chamber) first were identified at 2 years of age. At necropsy, pathologic findings of LVNC were verified and included the presence of noncompacted myocardium that consisted of endothelial‐lined trabeculations and sinusoids that constituted more than half of the inner part of the LV wall. The right ventricular (RV) wall also was affected. Histopathology identified myofiber disarray, which is characteristic of HCM, although heart weight was normal and LV wall thickness was not increased.     

Fertilizing Ability of Electro-Ejaculated Cryopreserved Semen in the Domestic Cat

Semen collection and AI in the cat are still not routine procedures. The correlation between semen quality and fertility under natural conditions is a relatively unknown field in the cat. In the present study, functional in vitro tests, such as the ability to bind and penetrate the zona pellucida or to fertilize in vitro, were used to determine fertilizing ability of sperm cryopreserved with a practical and efficient freezing protocol previously developed in our laboratory. Semen was collected by electroejaculation, evaluated for motility and diluted with Tris-glucose-citrate egg-yolk extender supplemented with Equex STM paste (0.5% v/v). After equilibration and loading into 0.25 ml straws, semen was frozen at 3.85 degrees C/min. Frozen-thawed semen was co-cultured with in vitro matured cat oocytes. Penetration rate was recorded 30 h after in vitro fertilization and cleaved zygotes were cultured in vitro until day 7. A correlation was found between sperm motility index (SMI) after thawing and semen fertilizing ability (p<0.05). In conclusion, it was demonstrated that the post-thaw motility quality, expressed as SMI, of spermatozoa frozen using the protocol mentioned above can be considered an index of the sperm ability to penetrate in vitro matured oocytes.     

An Histological Study of Thyroid Abnormalities in the Domestic Cat

Abstract— The thyroid gland in seventy-five cats has been examined. Abnormalities are by no means uncommon and cases of adenomas, adenomatous goitre, colloid goitre, carcinoma and amyloidosis are described.
Résumé— –On examina la glande thyroide de soixante-quinze chats. Les anomalies n'y sont pas rares du tout. L'auteur décrit des cas d'adénomes, de goitres adénomateux, de carcinomas, et de dégénérescences amyloides.
Zusammenfassung— Es sind die Schilddrüsen von fünfundsiebzig Katzen untersucht worden. Missbildungen treten keineswegs selten auf, und es werden. Fälle von Drüsengeschwulsten, adenoma-tösem Kropf, Gallertkropf, Krebs und Amyloidose beschrieben.     

Mummified Fetus in the Thoracic Cavity of a Domestic Short-haired Cat

This short communication describes the diagnosis, treatment, and clinical course of a domestic short-haired cat with diaphragmatic hernia in which the herniated structure in the thoracic cavity contained a mummified fetus. The cat was pregnant when rescued from the street and, days later, gave birth without abnormalities. Some months later, during an ovariohysterectomy, an abnormal localization of the uterus was observed, and at that time the case was referred to our center. A thoracic radiograph showed an abnormal thoracic mass cranial to the heart. The main suspicion was the presence of a thoracic hernia with the uterus herniated and containing a mummified fetus. A thoracotomy was performed to confirm the nature of the mass and reduce the diaphragmatic hernia. Although this clinical case is quite rare, a mummified fetus can be observed in thoracic hernias.