不同途径感染解没食子酸链球菌巴氏亚种雏鸭的病理变化比较

用已鉴定的解没食子酸链球菌巴氏亚种AL101002感染7日龄雏鸭,分别采用颈部皮下、腹腔、脚蹼和脑内不同途径感染,分析比较不同途径感染解没食子酸链球菌巴氏亚种雏鸭的病理变化。结果表明,不同途径感染均可引起雏鸭与自然感染鸭相似的病理变化。各组病理变化比较:皮下组和脚蹼组的临床症状最典型,眼观病变数量统计,分别占到3/6以上,脑膜炎组织病变严重于脑内组(P≤0.01),且皮下组肝细胞和脾细胞坏死较严重(P≤0.01);腹腔组和脑内组病理变化较其次。由此可见不同途径感染解没食子酸链球菌巴氏亚种雏鸭的病变最严重的是皮下感染,与自然感染病例症状相似,从而确认病理感染模型复制的最佳途径为皮下感染。     

雏鸭感染鸭肝炎病毒后血液中SOD活性和丙二醛含量的变化

用不同毒力株鸭肝炎病毒人工感染雏鸭 ,测定雏鸭血浆中超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)的活性和丙二醛 (MDA)的含量 ,研究SOD和MDA在鸭病毒性肝炎的发病过程中的作用。结果表明 ,雏鸭感染中毒株和强毒株鸭肝炎病毒后 3d ,血浆中SOD的活性 (中毒株组为 (6 3.72± 8.88)和强毒株组为 (75 .90± 8.41)显著低于对照组 (94.79± 6 .5 9) (P <0 .0 5 ) ;而强毒株组血浆MDA含量 (13.6 2± 2 .0 8)则在感染后 1d就显著高于对照组 (7.6 9± 0 .2 6 ) (P <0 .0 5 ) ,中毒株组雏鸭血浆MDA含量 (14.90± 1.6 5 )在感染后 3d极显著高于对照组 (7.70± 0 .6 6 ) (P <0 .0 1) ,而弱毒株组雏鸭血浆MDA含量与对照组比较则无明显差异。     

鸭病毒性肝炎与鸭霍乱混合感染的诊断与治疗

某种鸭场饲养的 2～ 3周龄雏鸭大量发病死亡 ,死亡率高达 70 %。经采用流行病学、临床学、病理学综合诊断为鸭病毒性肝炎与鸭霍乱混合感染 ,应用紧急注射鸭病毒性肝炎高免血清和疫苗以及采取消毒 ,药物治疗等综合防治措施 ,疫情得到有效控制 ,雏鸭死亡率下降到 5 %以下。现将诊断与治病情况报告如下。1　诊断1.1　流行病学调查该种鸭场建于山坡地 ,夏、秋季有水塘放牧 ,冬、春季舍饲。发生疫情的鸭舍光照不足 ,鸭舍面积 6 0 0ｍ2 ,每平方米饲养鸭8只以上 ,饲养密度偏大。鸭群营养状况中等。1.2　临床症状与病理变化病鸭表现精神萎糜 ,不愿走…     

血清3型鸭疫里默氏杆菌感染的诊断报告

近年来 ,鸭疫里氏杆菌 (ＲＡ)所致的感染在我区多处持续地发生 ,并成为当前危害我区雏鸭的主要传染病之一。由于ＲＡ的血清型别多 ,给ＲＡ病的预防带来了难度。有的鸭场虽已用苗预防 ,但仍有发病。笔者在一免疫过包含血清 1、2型ＲＡ菌苗的病料中 ,分出了一株疑似ＲＡ菌。综合鸭场的发病情况、临床症状、解剖病理变化及实验室检验结果 ,最后确诊为血清 3型ＲＡ感染 ,现将诊断过程报告如下。1　发病情况及临床症状发病鸭场原有樱桃谷雏鸭 1 0 0 0羽。 9天龄时开始发病 ,病鸭萎顿 ,缩脖 ,不吃或少吃 ,流清涕 ,拉黄白色稀便。注射过鸭瘟、鸭肝…     

复方甲砜霉素注射液对人工感染鸡巴氏杆菌病的临床疗效试验

用复方甲砜霉素注射液以高(0．8ml／kg．b．w)、中(0．4ml／kg.b．w)、低(0．2ml／kg.b．w)三个剂量对人工感染鸡巴氏杆菌病的鸡群肌内注射治疗，同时设立甲砜霉素对照组。试验结果表明：用药2d后，复方甲砜霉素注射液高、中剂量组的有效率分别为93．3％、93．3％，效果优于对照药物甲砜霉素(70．0％)，     

雏鸭皮肤皱缩、脚蹼干瘪原因调查及分析

<正>笔者走访了全国各地部分孵化场,大部分孵化场的技术员都向笔者反映:雏鸭从出雏器取出时鸭子各方面表现都良好,但在存放室放置一段时间后出现少部分鸭脚蹼干瘪,雏鸭运至养殖场后这种情况更加严重。严重时出雏4天内死淘率可达15%。解剖病死鸭表现为:雏鸭消瘦,皮肤皱缩,脚蹼干瘪,胸肌、腿     

初生雏鸭绿脓杆菌感染

绿脓杆菌病在雏鸡和育成鸡中时有发生,而鸭的绿脓杆菌感染较罕见。2个鸭场发生初生雏鸭大批死亡疫情,经流行病学调查、临床症状诊断、病理解剖学及组织学诊断、微生物学诊断,确诊造成初生雏鸭死亡的直接原因,是由于环境污染和疫苗注射所致绿脓杆菌感染而引起的雏鸭急性传染病。本研究旨在强化养鸭生产综合性防疫措施。     

鸭疫里默氏菌病的研究进展

鸭疫里默氏菌病是感染家鸭、火鸡和多种其他鸟类的一种接触性传染病。该病主要侵害2周龄~3周龄的雏鸭,经呼吸道、消化道及损伤的脚蹼等途径感染,呈现纤维素性心包炎、肝周炎、气囊炎、脑膜炎、干酪样输卵管炎等病理变化。目前已成功地研制出灭活疫苗、弱毒疫苗和亚单位疫苗来控制此病。文章综述了近年来鸭疫里默氏菌病的病原学,流行病学,病理学,临床诊断,防治及分子生物学等方面的研究进展。     

鸭疫里氏杆菌和大肠杆菌混合感染的诊治

在我国的许多鸭场，鸭疫里氏杆菌与大肠杆菌常同时存在，而仅从症状和剖检病变上很难将鸭传染性浆膜炎与鸭大肠杆菌病区别开。1999年，在一鸭场发现了两菌混合感染的病例，现将诊治情况报告如下。1发病情况1999年4月，重庆市郊一2．5万只规模的种鸭场的1～2月龄父母代樱桃谷鸭、番鸭和天府肉鸭死亡严重，每天死亡二三十只，最高达到八十多只，发病急，波及全场。其中两舍雏鸭未注射过任何疫苗，其它发病鸭已接种过鸭瘟、鸭肝炎弱毒疫苗、鸭传染性浆膜炎和大肠杆菌病二联蜂胶灭活苗。发病后以常用抗菌药物注射和拌料口服皆未能控制疫情。由于…     

山东省樱桃谷鸭群鸭圆环病毒及其混合感染的调查

2006～2007年间,在山东省70个樱桃谷鸭群采集742只鸭样品,对鸭圆环病毒的感染与流行情况调查发现,33.29%感染了鸭圆环病毒;3、4周龄的鸭较2周龄更易感;与DuCV阴性鸭比较,DuCV阳性鸭与鸭I型肝炎、鸭疫里默氏杆菌及大肠杆菌的混合感染率较高.有关樱桃谷鸭感染鸭圆环病毒的流行病学调查在国际上为首次报道.     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.