影响微生态制剂效果的因素及使用注意事项

1影响微生态制剂效果的因素1.1菌种种类微生态制剂在一定程度上是通过影响宿主消化道正常菌群的组成而发挥作用的。不同菌种针对性不同,如乳酸菌种主要用于调节消化道微生态平衡,抑制病原细菌,从而提高动物的生产性能;芽抱杆菌主要用于提高饲料营养的消化利用,从而提高动物的生长性能。     

微生态制剂在猪病防治中的应用

<正>1微生态制剂微生态制剂是指在微生态学理论的指导下,调整微生态平衡失调,使之保持平衡,提高宿主健康水平的正常菌群及其代谢产物和选择性促进宿主正常菌群生产的物质制剂总称。回溯发展历程:1989年,法国科学家Tissier博士发现了第1株菌种双岐因子。1908年,俄罗斯科学家伊利亚梅契尼科夫指出摄入大量发酵     

鸡消化道微生物菌群及其作用

随着健康养殖,抗生素替代呼声的提高,近年来,微生态制剂得到了广泛的研究。微生态制剂通过调控机体微生态平衡,改善宿主健康状况而发挥作用,包括益生菌及其代谢产物、益生元、合生元等。因应用对象及选用制剂的性质和种类不同,报道的效果不尽一致。家禽生产中,因宿主生理(肠道短)和健康状况、饲养环境等不同,往往会影响微生态制剂的预期效果。家禽肠道是微生态制剂发挥作用的主要场所,其中微生态环境是影响微生态制剂使用效果的主要因素之一,充分了解家禽消化道正常菌群的特点及其生理作用,对微生态制剂的使用有重要的参考价值。     

不同微生态制剂对蛋鸡生产性能的影响

抗生素在畜牧生产中大量使用所带来种种弊端,如导致动物胃肠道正常菌群失调,产生耐药性,抗生素在畜产品中大量残留等,在很大程度上影响了养殖业自身的经济效益.微生态制剂是指在微生态学理论指导下,调整微生态失调,保持微生态平衡,提高宿主健康水平的正常菌群及其代谢产物和选择性促进宿主正常菌群生长的物质制剂.畜牧生产中使用的普通微生态制剂中只有一种或两种菌,作用效果不稳定.而多功能微生态制剂是由世界最前沿的EDC(碳化二亚胺)蛋白偶联技术和国内先进的微囊化包被、肠溶缓释技术处理,将细胞因子(干扰素、转移因子、免疫球蛋白)和功能性益生菌(芽孢菌、乳酸菌)相结合,使有益菌能顺利通过胃酸、胆汁屏障,进入肠道后能够定植并发挥其功能,可使微生态制剂的作用更全面、效果更稳定.本试验旨在研究不同微生态制剂对蛋鸡生产性能的影响,为多功能微生态制剂在畜禽生产中的应用提供理论依据.     

微生态制剂的科学使用

微生态制剂是一类新型无公害饲料资源,影响其发挥作用的因素是多方面的。本文主要综述了以下几方面的因素：①自身因素。菌种和剂型的选择、生产和储存条件的不同、活菌浓度和使用剂量等都与微生态制剂的作用发挥有着直接的关系。②饲料方面的因素。主要包括：蛋白质水平、饲料成分、饲料加工等。③宿主因素。宿主动物的年龄或饲养阶段、宿主动物...     

微生物饲料添加剂的科学使用

1 微生态制剂的科学合理使用及注意事项 微生态制剂具有无毒副作用、促进动物生长、提高饲料转化率、可替代抗生素等优点。但由于存在菌种的筛选、活菌数、菌种的失活、杂菌含量的多少、使用条件等问题而导致微生态制剂活性降低，使用效果的重复性和稳定性较差或时好时坏等。因此在养殖生产或饲料生产中为了确保微生态制剂的使用效果，应科学合理使用，并从以下几方面着手。     

微生态制剂的安全性探讨

微生态制剂主要针对宿主动物胃肠道的菌群,通过外源添加活菌或补给对目标菌种有促生长作用的寡糖,以获得目标菌种在宿主动物胃肠道的优势地位,而目标菌种在宿主动物胃肠道中代谢的强化对动物机体本身产生的营养或非营养性作用,对动物自身代谢起到促进作用。     

微生态制剂在健康养殖中的应用及前景

微生态制剂是在微生态平衡理论、微生态营养理论和微生态防治理论指导下,人工培养、分离正常菌群,并通过特殊工艺制成的活菌或活性物质制剂微生态制剂的分类方法较多,目前国际上按照物质组成将微生态制剂分为益生菌、益生元和合生元3种类型:益生菌(probiotics )系能促进肠道内菌群平衡,对宿主起到有益作用的活菌制剂。     

微生态制剂及其作用机理

1　微生态制剂的分类微生态制剂 ,是在微生态学理论指导下 ,调整微生态失调 ,保持微生态平衡 ,提高宿主健康水平的正常菌群及其代谢产物和选择性促进宿主正常菌群生长的物质制剂总称。微生态制剂的分类方法较多 ,本文根据微生态制剂的物质组成进行分类 ,分为益生菌、益生元和合生元。1 1　益生菌　是指改善宿主微生态平衡而发挥有益作用 ,达到提高宿主健康水平和健康状态的活菌制剂及其代谢产物。研制益生菌的基本指导思想是 ,用健康动物的正常菌群 ,尤其是优势种群 ,经过选种和人工培养制成活菌制剂 ,然后用于动物发挥其固有的生理作用。…     

浅谈对微生态制剂的看法

<正>微生态制剂,也叫活菌制剂,是指运用微生态学原理,利用对宿主有益无害的益生菌或益生菌的促生长物质,经特殊工艺制成的制剂。应用的比较多的有芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌、酵母菌、双歧杆菌等,有单一菌种,也有复合菌种。目前微生态制剂己被应用于饲料、农业、医药保健和食品等各领域中。近几年来,家禽家畜养殖业中微生态制剂已经在逐步地取代传统的添加剂。尤其现在抗生素的使用越来越受限制,肠道保健越来越重要,微生态的使用必将越来越广泛。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …