Development and Acceptability of a Ready-to-Eat Β-Carotene Rich,Maize Based Supplementary Product

Low cost supplementary products using maize were developed and made using extrusion. -carotene rich sources like curry leaf, carrot, red palm oil were used at different level to increase vitamin A precursor Levels and, therefore, vitamin A. Incorporation of curry leaf powder and carrot powder at 30 percent level and 30:70 blend of red palm oil and groundnut oil were found to be more acceptable than the products made with other levels. These products were tasted for acceptability by preschool children and were analysed for energy, protein, fat and -carotene contents. The control, fresh and stored supplementary products contained 1.707, 1.922, 1.919 MJ, 11.0, 11.6, 10.36 g protein, 10.2, 10.4, 9.64 g fat, 0, 7.37,6.72 mg -carotene per 100g, respectively. The loss of -carotene in processing and storage of curry leaf and carrot supplemented products was 13.69, 6.25 and 20.24, 8.06 percent, respectively.     

Retreat of catabolites of filaments,lodicules,and stigma cells in rice

The lodicules expand rapidly when the rice florets are opening, and the filaments elongate and the stigmas extend and bend. All these growing movements are caused by the cell elongation or expansion after water absorption. The lodicules, filaments, and stigma will wither after flowering, but the cause of the withering remains unknown. In some wild abortive male sterile lines, the closing of florets     

Characterization of a Maize Sucrose–phosphate Synthase Protein and Its Effect on Carbon Partitioning in Transgenic Rice Plants

Abstract

We obtained transgenic rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Nipponbare) plants with the gene for maize sucrose-phosphate synthase (EC 2.4.1.14, SPS). Some of the transgenic plants over-expressed maize SPS (over-expressing plants) and some had reduced levels of native SPS protein (co-suppressed plants). There was a positive correlation between the amounts of maize SPS protein and SPS activities. However, apparent Km values for uridine diphosphoglucose (UDPG) were higher in over-expressing plants than in control rice plants. These results suggest that overproduced maize SPS protein was not fully activated. The sucrose contents did not differ significantly between control and over-expressing rice plants, but they were lower in co-suppressed plants than in control plants. The starch contents were negatively and the sucrose/starch ratios were positively correlated with SPS activities. Thus, carbon partitioning in the transgenic rice was changed, even though rice is predominantly a sucrose-former.     

Long-term frozen storage of wheat bread and dough – Effect of time,temperature and fibre on sensory quality,microstructure and state of water

The objective of this study was to determine effect of storage time, storage temperature and addition of fibre on sensory quality, state of water, microstructure and texture of bread and dough.     

糯小麦（Waxy Wheat）研究进展

糯小麦因下含直链淀粉或直链淀粉含量很低,所有在食品工业和非食品工业上将会有重要的应用价值。然而,在自然条件下六倍体小麦中则无全糯质小麦存在,需要人工创造。近几年来,国际上仅出现了糯小麦研究的热潮,而且进展较快。六倍体小麦的糯质特性由３个基因位点（Ｗｘ－Ａ１、Ｗｘ－Ｂ１、Ｗｘ－Ｄ１）控制,分别位于７Ａ、４Ａ、７Ｄ染色体上,３个基因组合成８种Ｗａｘｙ类型,用ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ电泳分析可加以区别。当３个位     

Effect of Processing on Bioactive Compounds,Physicochemical and Rheological Characteristics of Juçara,Banana and Strawberry Smoothie

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of processing steps on bioactive compounds and physicochemical and rheological characteristics of a juçara, banana and strawberry smoothie. The product was obtained by mixing the pulps of these fruits in previously defined proportions. The mixture was standardized in a pilot disintegrator, homogenized at 60 MPa in continuous mode and pasteurized at 90 °C for 35 s. The homogenization step increased the concentration of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside, major anthocyanins in the smoothie. However, these anthocyanins, as well as perlagonidin-3-O-glucoside, have been reduced (p<0.05) after the pasteurization step. The pasteurization also affected the instrumental color of the smoothie, expressed by Hue angle (p<0.05). Regarding to the rheological behavior, the smoothie, in all processing steps, presented a non-Newtonian fluid behavior with pseudoplastic characteristics (n<1). After homogenization, the smoothie became more fluid and homogeneous. Thus, despite the negative impact of pasteurization on the smoothie’s color, the pasteurized product preserves the bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and phenolic acids that are of great importance to human health. Furthermore, the development of this product contributes to add value to the juçara agro-chain and Atlantic Forest preservation.     

Detection of Sensitivity and Resistance Variation of Magnaporthe grisea to Kitazin P,Carbendazim and Tricyclazole

One hundred and twenty-nine isolates of Magnaporthe grisea from Guangdong, Guangxi, Anhui and Jiangsu provinces of China were tested for resistance frequency to kitazin P and carbendazim, respectively by the distinctive concentration method. The resistance frequency of the isolates to kitazin P which had not been used in practice for about ten years was as high as 79.1%, and only one carbendazim-resistant isolate was detected in Gaoyao, Guangdong Province (with a frequency of 0.78%). Meanwhile, the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of hyphal melanization was adopted to detect the sensitivity of M. grisea to tricyclazole. There existed several different degrees of sensitivity to tricyclazole in the melanin biosynthesis of M. grisea, but no relationship was found between these MIC values completely inhibiting melanization in hyphae and the EC50 values of tricyclazole against rice blast tested in vivo. After the isolates were induced by chemical taming or UV irradiation in laboratory, kitazin P-resistant and carbendazim-resistant mutants were recovered by both the methods, but none of tricyclazole-resistant mutant was obtained.     

Compound pollution of Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, and As on lowland rice

Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, and As are typical pollutants originated from Pb-Zn mine, smelting waste water discharge/irrigation and gas emission,and they were distributed widely in China. We studied the compound pollution of Cd, Pb,Cu, Zn, and As on rice.     

Long range migration of rice planthoppers and associated meteorological conditions in Yulin,Ganzhou,and Huangyan

In recent years ,it has been demonstrated that the low-level jet streams (LLJs) developed in the south of the Meiyu(Baiu) front play a critical role in the overseas migrations of the planthoppers into Japan and Korea. However, the involement of the LLJs during the process of sequential displacements of rice planthoppers in China has not been clarified yet. In the present studies, the synoptic meteorological factors including LLJs associated with the     

Report of the joint meeting of the Potato Section of EUCARPIA and the Section Breeding and varietal assessment of the EAPR, 3–7 July, 2000, Warsaw (Poland)

Report

Report of the joint meeting of the Potato Section of EUCARPIA and the Section Breeding and varietal assessment of the EAPR, 3–7 July, 2000, Warsaw (Poland)     

Fermentation of Cauliflower and White Beans with Lactobacillus plantarum – Impact on Levels of Riboflavin,Folate, Vitamin B12, and Amino Acid Composition

Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - As diets change in response to ethical, environmental, and health concerns surrounding meat consumption, fermentation has potential to improve the taste and...     

Effects of S3307 on the photosynthesis,the activity of SOD,and MDA content of rice flag leaf

Ｕｎｉｃｏｎａｚｏｌ，（Ｅ）＿１＿（４＿ｃｈｌｏｒｏｐｈｅｎｙｌ）＿４，４＿ｄｉｍｅｔｈｙｌ＿２（１，２，４＿ｔｒｉａｚｏｌ＿ｌ＿ｙｌ）＿１＿ｐｅｎｔｅｎ＿３＿０１，ｎａｍｅｄＳ３３０７，ｉｓａｎｅｗｐｌａｎｔｇｒｏｗｔｈｒｅｔａｒｄａｎｔｔｈａｔｃａｎｒｅｔａｒｄｔｈｅ ｇｒｏｗｔｈｏｆ ｐｌａｎｔｓ，ｍａｋｅ ｐｌａｎｔｄｗａｒｆ，ｐｒｏｍｏｔｅｒｏｏｔａｎｄｔｉｌｌｅｒｇｒｏｗｔｈ，ｄｅｌａｙｔｈｅｓｅｎｅｓｃｅｎｃｅｏｆｌｅａｖｅｓ，ａｎｄｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｔｈｅｎｅｔｐｈｏｔｏ ｓｙｎｔｈｅ…     

Single and Competitive Adsorption of 17α-Ethinylestradiol and Bisphenol A with Estrone, β-Estradiol,and Estriol onto Sediment

The competitive adsorption of bisphenol A (BPA) and17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) with different endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), such as estrone (E1), β-estradiol (E2), and estriol (E3) was investigated in the water-sediment system. The primary and interaction effects of coexisted EDCs on the adsorption of BPA and EE2 were studied in binary and multiple systems. The adsorption selectivity of sediment at different initial concentrations of EDCs was also considered, based on the distribution coefficient (β). In binary systems, coexisted EDCs exhibited a positive effect on the adsorption of BPA, while E3 showed a negative effect on the adsorption of EE2. In ternary systems, the interaction of E1*E3 and E2*BPA showed a synergistic effect on the sorption of BPA and EE2, respectively. In quaternary systems, the interaction of E1*E2*E3 showed a synergistic effect on the adsorption of both BPA and EE2. In the quinary system, coexisted EDCs all showed an antagonistic effect on the adsorption of BPA and EE2, which indicated that the coexisted EDCs competed for adsorption with BPA and EE2. EDCs in the E2-EE2-BPA system presented a superior selectivity of sediment with β values of 43.48–87.86. The order of sediment selectivity (E1 > EE2 > E2 > E3 > BPA) in binary systems was in agreement with EDCs’ adsorption capacity, which suggested that the adsorption was dominated by partition adsorption.     

Preparation,Evaluation and Characterization of Rutin–Chitooligosaccharide Complex

Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - Rutin possesses a wide range of application prospects with various bioactivities. However, its bitter and water-insoluble properties restrict its application in...     

Photosynthetic Characteristics and Heterosis in Transgenic Hybrid Rice with Maize Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase （pepc） Gene

The plants can be classified into C4, C3 and CAM categories based on the photosynthetic pathways. Under high light intensity and high oxygen content the C4 species have relatively higher photosynthetic rate than C3 plants. Plant physiologists and breeders…     

Synthesis and application of o,o′-dihydroxyazo dyes and their metal complexes

This paper presents the synthesis of metal complex acid dyes obtained from the reaction of o,o′-dihydroxyazo dyes and chromium and cobalt sulfate. The ¹H-NMR, FT-IR and UV/Visible Spectrophotometer, TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography) and ICP (Ion Chromatography) of the intermediates and the metal complexes were studied and compared. Their properties such as dyeing, fastness and toxicity on nylon were also assessed according to standard methods.