毛白杨中试验初报

１９９５年从北京林业大学毛白杨良种繁育基地引进８个毛白杨优良无性系，在白银市两个国营苗圃进行适生性选择试验，不同砧木不同嫁接方法育苗和不同砧木鞭条生产试验。经过连续４ａ的试验，选出了适宜白银市推广的４个优良无性系、３种优良砧木、以及春季育苗的最佳方法。     

毛白杨引种试验初报

１９９５年从北京林业大学毛白杨良种繁育基地引进８个毛白杨优良无性系，在白银市两个国营苗圃进行适生性选择试验，不同砧木不同嫁接方法育苗和不同砧木鞭条生产试验。经过连续４ａ的试验，选出了适宜白银市推广的４个优良无性系、３种优良砧木，以及春季育苗的最佳方法。     

油茶不同无性系嫁接育苗效果调查

以福建省油茶优良无性系M43、M48和M60为接穗,普通油茶芽苗为砧木,进行嫁接育苗;采用随机区组调查法对油茶不同无性系芽苗砧嫁接苗的育苗效果进行调查研究,结果表明:油茶不同无性系芽苗砧嫁接苗的成活率、成苗率的差异不明显,苗高、地径之间存在显著差异,高径比之间存在极显著差异。3个无性系嫁接苗成活率和成苗率分别为82.1%~84.9%和75.2%~79.8%,苗高和地径分别为9.62~11.67 cm和0.31~0.36 cm。。     

薄壳山核桃不同砧木对嫁接成活率及生长指标的影响

为选育适宜不同薄壳山核桃(品种)无性系嫁接育苗的砧木(品种)无性系,我们进行了不同砧木嫁接试验,结果表明:13号、11号、21号、35号、28号、1号、25号和5号等8个无性系使用本砧育苗平均嫁接成活率为94.95%,较商品种子作砧木平均嫁接成活率提高了12.02%。13号无性系苗木高度和苗木地径分别是商品种子作砧木的2.16倍和1.39倍,28号无性系苗木高度和苗木地径为商品种子作砧木的2.11倍和1.31倍,11号无性系苗木高度和苗木地径为商品种子作砧木的1.64倍和1.20倍,21号和35号苗木高度和苗木地径略高于商品种子。1号、25号和5号3个无性系使用本砧嫁接苗木高度和苗木地径均小于使用商品种子作砧木。通过10个不同无性系及商品种子作马罕砧木进行嫁接试验结果表明,马罕使用商品种子、62号、42号和49号无性系作砧木嫁接后苗木高度和苗木地径均较大,苗木高度介于47.57~55.63 cm,苗木地径介于0.88~1.08 cm。使用66号无性系作砧木苗木高度和苗木地径最小,分别为19.52 cm和0.69 cm。综合考虑嫁接成活率等因素,我们可选择42号、49号和62号作为培育马罕嫁接苗木的砧木无性系。     

油茶芽苗根嫁接试验

利用油茶主根直、粗、长、愈合力强的特点，采用芽苗根作砧木，进行油茶优良无性系芽苗根嫁接育苗。通过58的对比试验，掌握了油茶芽苗根分段嫁接技术，对提高油茶优良无性系嫁接繁殖系数具有较高的应用价值。     

杉木优良无性系扦插育苗试验效果

杉木优良无性系扦插育苗,技术新颖,方法简单,繁殖快。在当前杉木初级种子园优良家系的种子缺乏的情况下,采用优良无性系扦插育苗方法来繁殖优良家系种苗是一种快速繁殖良种一条新的途径.     

楸树嫁接繁育适宜砧木的选择

[目的]分析不同砧木嫁接楸树无性系的保存率、接穗生根率、生长和材性性状差异,以及无性系与砧木的互作效应,筛选楸树无性系的适宜嫁接砧木,旨在为楸树良种嫁接壮苗规模化繁育提供理论依据.[方法]以梓属不同树种为砧木嫁接的11年生楸树无性系对比试验林为材料,采集3个楸树无性系的接穗,分别用5种砧木(楸树、灰楸、梓树、滇楸和黄金...     

橡胶树几种砧穗组合试验初报

<正> 橡胶芽接树是接穗与砧木的嵌合体,互为影响,特别是砧木对接穗的影响尤为明显。马来西亚橡胶研究院的试验结果认为,同一种接穗用高产无性系实生苗作砧木比用低产无性系实生苗作砧木增产13—20％。印尼橡胶研究所的试验表明,用经选无性系实生苗作砧木比用未经选无性系实生苗作砧木,其芽接树的产量可提高30％。科特迪瓦橡胶研究所的试验认为,用优良混合无性系种子实生苗作砧木比普通实     

成年杉木种子园提质改造无性系选择及容器苗培育技术研究

为提高20世纪80年代后期营建的1.5代杉木种子园遗传品质和种子产量,以子代材积增益、当代种子产量均高为标准,选择用于成年种子园提质改造的优良无性系。经综合评价,选择出了靖大30、靖大35、广洋45等可用于杉木成年种子园提质改造的优良无性系20个。采用随机区组设计的方法开展优良无性系容器育苗试验。结果表明:以高度17 cm、直径19 cm规格的容器,按体积比配置70%泥炭土、25%黄心土、5%珍珠岩的混合基质培育容器砧木苗,在砧木保留3轮底枝的部位进行嫁接,切接或舌接法培育2年生容器嫁接苗成活率达90%以上、苗高达93 cm以上。     

青檀优良无性系TX01嫁接育苗试验

青檀(Pteroceltis tatarinowii)扦插成活率低,是其优良无性系苗木繁育的主要障碍。为加快青檀优良无性系的繁殖速度,2012—2014年,对选育的青檀优良无性系TX01进行了嫁接育苗试验。结果表明,利用穴盘和混合基质播种繁育青檀砧木,出苗率达到90.1%,移栽后生长快,当年末平均苗高79.6cm,平均地面直径0.57cm,全部达到嫁接要求。采用蜡封接穗切腹接的方法嫁接青檀良种TX01,嫁接成活率达到92.8%,年末平均苗高230.5cm,平均地面直径1.46cm,砧穗亲和力高,嫁接口愈合良好,苗木生长健壮、整齐。育苗成本1.29元/株,效益比1∶3.64。     

两个林龄15个桉树无性系生长比较

对福建长泰岩溪林场两个林龄的15个桉树无性系进行调查分析，结果表明：5 a、15 a 时，各无性系树高、胸径、单株材积、公顷蓄积差异极显著。5 a 时 W7、DH32-27、EC1、DH32-22、209X 等为高产无性系；15 a 时 EC1、DH32-27、209X、W7、岩97、DH32-22、LH3、LH1为高产无性系。W5、LPT、LH22、W6等无性系生长缓慢，可能不适应闽南山地环境。选择这些适应闽南山地环境的优良无性系与 DH32-29等进行混系造林或嵌合造林，有利于增加桉树速丰林的遗传基因多样性。     

Final results from a trial to test the effect of plot size on Eucalyptus hybrid clonal ranking in coastal Zululand,South Africa

Hybrid clones with Eucalyptus grandis as one parent and, generally, E. urophylla as the other parent, are deployed commercially as monoclonal blocks by Sappi in the subtropical region of coastal Zululand, South Africa. In monoclonal blocks genotypes are grown in self-competition. Performance under this scenario may not necessarily correlate well with performance where genotypes are competing for resources with a number of genetically dissimilar genotypes. There is an uncertainty whether plot configuration or size influences clonal ranking and therefore selection of clones for commercialisation. Final results at age eight years of a trial testing eight selected Eucalyptus hybrid clones in single-tree, eight-tree line, and eight x eight tree square plots are reported in this paper. Ranking of the eight clones between the half rotation (44 months) and full rotation (94 months) measurement have remained stable in the single-tree and line plots, but there have been some changes in the square plots. At 94 months, clonal ranking between the single-tree and line plots was consistent (r_p = 0.98) with only two clones changing ranks. When comparing the clonal ranking of the single-tree plots to the large square plots rank changes have been significant (r_p = 0.65). The overall means for the three different plot types are very similar. The range of the clonal means for tree volume in the single-tree plots (0.4042 m³) is more than five times the range for the square plots (0.0709 m³). Gain predictions using data from the single-tree plots overestimated the realised gains measured in the square plots. The top-performing clone in the single-tree plots had a predicted gain of 74% over the trial mean, but only yielded 7% more in the square plots. Similarly, the worst-ranked clone in the single-tree plots did not perform as poorly as what was predicted (?59%) and produced only 13% less than the trial mean on the square plots.     

北美杂交杨无性系扦插苗生长比较

在北京对新引进的30个杂交杨无性系1 a生扦插苗的生长进行了初步研究。依据苗高、地径和树干生物量3指标可将引种无性系分为4组:第1组由XMH-11、XMH-12、DMH-4、DMH-3组成,其高生长快,地径生长慢,生物量低;第2组包括XMH-7、HE-1、HE-3、MH-8、MH-5、MH-2、XMH-4、XMH-10、HY-1共9个无性系,其生长特点是:苗高、地径生长快,生物产量高;第3组包括HE-4、XMH-8、MH-3、MH-7、MH-4、MH-8、MH-35、MH-6、XMH-9、MH-9共10个无性系,其苗高、地径和生物量处于中等;第4组包括DMH-1、XMH-5、XMH-6、HE-2、XMH-3、MH-1、DMH-2共7个无性系,它们的苗高、地径和生物量均小。从第12、组中选育适生优良无性系的机会较大,可将这13个无性系列为重点试验对象;第3组的无性系在生长方面的表现中等,可结合其他育种目标进行良种选育。     

桉树多树种无性系在川南地区生长比较

为选择出适合在川南地区造林的桉树无性系,对17个桉树新无性系在川南地区的宜宾市进行了造林对比试验。结果表明：以 SC-GU2、SC-GU1和 GR-6三个无性系生长表现好,4年生的胸径、树高、单株材积和蓄积均高于对照 DH32-29,其中单株材积分别比 DH32-29高出9.51%、4.53%和4.94%;其次是 G5,在川南地区也生长较好,生长量仅次于 DH32-29。4个桉树无性系 SC-GU2、SC-GU1、GR-6、G5的胸径、树高、单株材积和蓄积均均极显著高于5个赤桉无性系(H1,、H2,、H3、 H4和 H10),年均胸径、树高、蓄积分别达3 cm、4 m、31.72 m3·hm-2以上,表现了速生丰产的特性,可作为下一批优良桉树无性系在川南地区推广造林。     

杉木耐贫瘠优良无性系苗期初选

20世纪90年代,我国南方营造了大量的杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.)速丰林,但由于忽视了良种的耐贫瘠特性,致使约30％的杉木人工林不能成林,约20％的人工林不能成材;另外每年新增大量的退化地需要治理,也需要大量耐瘠薄的优良品系.因此,杉木良种的抗逆性评定与选择十分重要.杉木无性系在良种培育中具有独有的优势,它能保持母本的的遗传特性,生长一致,林相整齐,便于集约经营,尤其是无性系的木材材性均匀一致,收获期相同,是建立工业用材林的最佳材料[1-2].无性系育种是杉木良种发展的一个重要方向,理应引起林业界的重视.     

杂种桉无性系综合筛选试验研究

通过对23个杂种桉无性系的生长性状、形质性状和材质性状进行了差异分析和比较,结果表明:除圆满度和分枝外各性状在无性系间均差异极显著,经多重比较共有13个无性系的去皮蓄积量超过总体平均值,生长量最大的是DH32-28,其去皮蓄积量是最小无性系W5的778.91%,是总体平均值的143.55%,是对照的234.85%;无性系各性状重复力为0.15~0.85,树高和胸径的重复力最大,圆满度的重复力最小;早晚秩次相关分析表明:可对参试无性系进行早期选择;应用指数选择法,从23个参试无性系中筛选出了6个优良无性系,分别是DH32-28、DH33-27、GL9、DH32-13、DH33-9和DH32-29。     

杉木双系种子园无性系开花习性与异交率及其间的关系研究

基于对杉木双系种子园中成对无性系开花习性的多年观察及多年对杉木双系种子园的同工酶实验,运用EM算法估计各无性系的异交率大小,并使用DPS统计软件,详实地研究了异交率与开花习性诸多因素间的关系,其结果为:Y=0.877 7+0.104 4X1-0.615 8X2+0.354 4X3-0.061 8X4。上式中:X1为异系雄球花量,X3为异系开花同步性指数,它们对异交率的影响有正效应;而X2为系内开花同步性指数,X4为X3/X2之比,它们对异交率的影响有负效应。影响力的大小次序为:X2>X4>X3>X1。根据异交率与开花习性的关系研究,可以发现:今后新建杉木双系种子园时,挑选系内开花同步性小,而系间开花同步性大的双亲材料时,其后代异交率较高。     

Clonal selection for resistance to Dothistroma needle blight in Pinus radiata

Fifty-two clones in twenty-two full-sib families were represented in a field trial. All cuttings were taken from hedged ortets which were four years from seed, but had been cut back periodically to one metre high since age two. One-year-old seedlings, from a seed orchard, where most of the parents of the clones were represented, were used as controls. The trial was assessed for Dothistroma needle blight infection six years after planting. The mean infection level of all the cuttings was 21.1%, compared to 29.8% for the seedlings. This difference was attributed to the greater maturation age of the cuttings. It was calculated that if the best 10% of the clones were selected, infection could have been further reduced to 12%, a level where other disease control measures would be considered unnecessary.     

A comparison of pod production and insect ratings of 12 elite Prosopis alba clones in a 5-year semi-arid Argentine field trial

Semi-arid adapted nitrogen fixing trees of the genus Prosopis have been extensively used in Argentina for soil improvement, luxury quality lumber production and sweet (35% sucrose) pods for humans and livestock. Due to the great demand of Prosopis alba for lumber, erect, tall, high pod producing trees of this species have been greatly overharvested, leading to erosion of the gene pool. A previous progeny trial with 57 half sib families identified 12 trees with promise for rapid growth, high production of pods and sweet pods. This trial, on a site with a salinity of 8.6 dS m⁻¹ EC and a pH of 7.7, examined clones of these 12 trees in a randomized complete block trial with 8 single tree replications for height, basal diameter, canopy height and diameter, production of pods, sensory characteristics of the pods, disease resistance and insect resistance. In the 5th year of production and 7th year from planting, three clones produced more than 50 kg pods per tree versus 32 kg for check. At this 10 m × 10 m spacing, this yield of 5000 kg/ha compares favorably to many other semi-arid crops, especially given the unfavorable salinity and pH. In contrast to genetic improvement in pod production, the clones had lower diameter, height and canopy growth than the check. The lower biomass production may be due to fibrous root system produced from cuttings, since some of the clones blew over in high winds but none of the checks produced from seed blew over. Companion seed orchards of salt tolerant clones may provide rootstock for these high pod production clones. Significant differences in insect and disease resistance of the clones were observed and full sib crosses were made to study the genetics of the resistance. All clones had good sensory properties for use in human food. This is the first replicated trial with multipurpose clones useful for lumber and human food. The annual diameter growth rates ranged from 2.8 to 4.1 cm year⁻¹ which was estimated to produce an internal return of approximately 20% from lumber alone.     

基于有性测定选育杉木三优无性系

为了选育三优(生长快,材质优,抗贫瘠)杉木无性系,开展31个杉木无性系养分胁迫双因素的容器育苗随机区组试验,8株小区。调查苗高、地径和存活率,每个小区抽取生长中等偏上的植株3株,测定地上生物量、地下生物量、总生物量、根冠比和全株P含量,并将P含量的高低作为耐贫瘠的一个重要指标。统计分析表明:(1)在无性系间除了存活率和根冠比未达到显著差异外,其它研究性状在无性系间均存在显著差异,因此具有无性系选择的基础。(2)所有研究性状在不同的养分胁迫处理间有极明显的差异,说明杉木的扦插圃地和造林地的选择十分重要。(3)无性系与养分胁迫处理间的互作表现复杂。(4)各研究性状具有一定的变异和中度以上的重复力。基于方差分析结果,采用主成分选择指数,按一定的选择强度,整个试验共评选出13个优良无性系,其中耐磷和钾(喜氮肥)的无性系7个:A4,A7,A9,A11,A13,A18,A26;耐磷(喜氮钾肥)的无性系7个:A9,A13,A16,A18,A28,A29,A30;不耐贫瘠(喜氮磷钾肥)的无性系8个:A9,A11,A13,A18,A20,A24,A26,A28;从整个试验平均值的的信息评选出优良无性系8个:A9,A11,A13,A18,A24,A26,A28和A25。各种条件下表现均优的无性系有:A9,A13,A18,A26,A28,它们表现突出,同时也很稳定。这些无性系可直接在生产上推广应用。