基于TMS320DM642的农业机器人视觉导航路径检

在农田非结构化自然环境下,通过机器视觉提取导航线的处理算法,利用透视投影变换得到摄像机相对于导航路径的偏移距离和偏移角,成功地在TMS320DM642系统上得到实现,并对程序进行了基于C语言的代码优化。试验结果表明,偏移角的最大误差为2°,横向偏移距离最大误差为     

基于B样条曲线的智能叉车托盘拾取路径规划研究

干果仓储中托盘摆放的位姿具有不确定性,应用路径规划技术可实现智能叉车托盘自主拾取,提高叉车在仓储作业中的灵活性。以具有非完整性约束特性的堆垛叉车为研究对象,提出基于三次均匀B样条曲线的托盘拾取路径规划方法。综合考虑最小转弯半径、首末端点约束、曲率连续等多约束条件,建立路径曲率最小化的目标函数,并通过Matlab优化工具箱求解待优化的曲线参数。仿真结果表明,针对不同位姿的托盘拾取场景,该方法能得到曲率连续、转向轮转角不超过叉车最大转角的可行路径。在仓库中进行路径规划及跟踪试验,试验表明,在前进距离为6 500 mm、托盘横向偏移距离1 500 mm、偏移角15°的场景下,终点横向偏移误差4. 71 cm,终点航向角误差为9. 6×10~(-3)rad,验证了算法的可行性。     

基于Kalman滤波和纯追踪模型的农业机械导航控制

以KUBOTA SPU-68水田插秧机为试验平台,以RTK-DGPS为主要导航方式,辅以航向姿态参考系统AHRS500GA-227,研究提高农业机械导航控制精度的方法.在重点对GPS倾斜误差校正的基础上,设计了Kalman滤波器对定位数据进行平滑处理,同时实现磁航向传感器偏移误差的在线辨识与航向校正.采用纯追踪模型实现农业机械直线跟踪控制,基于ITAE优化准则,仿真研究了最佳前视距离的确定方法.试验结果表明:GPS倾斜误差校正和Kalman滤波后的导航参数可以更真实地反映插秧机水田实际运动状态;纯追踪模型可以用于插秧机田间作业直线导航,当行进速度0.6m/s时,直线跟踪最大误差小于0.17m,平均误差小于0.02m.     

基于曲柄滑块机构原理导航的农业机器人设计

研究开发了一种自动导航果园用履带式移动机器人,作为果园精细化作业的移动平台.机器人采用基于曲柄滑块机构原理的导航方式,以导航机构检测的姿态角和位置角作为输入量设计了模糊PID控制器.试验表明,机器人以0.15m/s的速度直线行走时,最大跟踪误差小于0.02m;机器人转弯半径为2m时,最大跟踪误差小于0.05m.     

果园机器人视觉导航行间位姿估计与果树目标定位方法

针对单目视觉导航中位姿信息不完整和果树定位精度低的问题,提出基于实例分割神经网络的偏航角、横向偏移、果树位置计算方法。首先,基于Mask R-CNN模型识别并分割道路与树干;其次,寻找道路掩码凸包并进行霍夫变换,由凸包中的边界方程计算消失点坐标;最后,根据建立的位姿-道路成像几何模型,计算偏航角、横向偏移与果树相对位置。实验结果表明：改进Mask R-CNN模型的边框回归平均精确度为0.564,分割平均精确度为0.559,平均推理时间为110 ms。基于本文方法的偏航角估计误差为2.91%、横向偏移误差为4.82%,果树横向定位误差为3.80%,纵向误差为2.65%。该方法能在不同位姿稳定地提取道路与果树掩码、计算消失点坐标与边界方程,较准确地估计偏航角、横向位移和果树相对位置,为果园环境下的视觉自主导航提供有效参考。     

大型温室地面移动式喷灌机导航控制系统设计

针对悬吊轨移式喷灌机的缺点以及目前大型温室领域AGV研究的不足,设计了一种用于新型温室地面移动式喷灌机的导航控制系统.喷灌机底盘采用差速转向方式,六轮系结构,两驱动轮对称中置,前后两端对称安装4个万向轮;以STM32F103ZET6单片机作为主控芯片,采用磁带导航方式,建立了喷灌机差速转向运动数学模型,并根据模糊控制理论设计了喷灌机模糊运动控制器,完成了导航运动控制子程序设计.样机调试运行试验表明,喷灌机相对磁带偏移角在25°以内时,能够自动调整到磁导航传感器中心与磁带中心再次重合,其调整时间随其偏移角度增加而增大,当偏移角过大时,样机将完全驶离磁带路径.为确保喷灌机初始工作时能够自动调整偏差及跟踪路径行驶,喷灌机与磁带间初始偏移角度不宜过大.该研究能够为大型温室地面移动式喷灌机的设计和应用提供参考.     

温室机器人道路识别与路径导航研究——基于红外测距

针对温室内移动机器人的应用需求,提出了一种基于红外线测距的温室机器人自主导航算法,并使用模糊算法对导航误差进行控制,实现了温室机器人的精确自主移动功能。温室机器人导航过程中,当红外线接收管接受到红外线信号时,会产生一个光强电流,电流放大后可以输出一个模拟电压;根据电压值,通过编程计算,利用电压和距离的对应关系,可以得到机器人和标志物的距离误差;距离信息通过串口传输到PC机上,PC机利用模糊控制原理对距离误差进行判断,发出控制指令。实验测试发现:机器人导航的距离偏差平均值为-1.28cm,均方差为2.68,超调较小,可以实现较为精确的导航。     

基于BDS的果园施药机自动导航控制系统

根据果园施药机自动导航喷药作业需求,设计了一种基于北斗卫星导航系统(BDS)的施药机自动导航控制系统。该系统主要包括RTK-BDS接收机、导航控制器、转向控制器、电控气动转向系统和三轴电子罗盘。其中转向控制器、电控气动转向系统和三轴电子罗盘构成转向角闭环控制回路,该回路可根据导航控制器发送的施药机期望转向角实现转向角的随动控制。将施药机的运动学模型和纯追踪模型相结合,设计了施药机直线跟踪导航控制器,输入为位置坐标和方位角,输出为期望转向角。针对果园地形特点对施药机进行了导航路径规划,并在果园进行现场试验。试验结果表明:所设计的导航控制系统,在施药机行进速度为2 km/h时,直线跟踪最大误差不大于0.13 m,平均跟踪误差不大于0.03 m,能满足果园自动导航作业精度要求。     

基于DSP和图像处理的农业机器人视觉导航研究

确定了间歇式行走的农业机器人视觉导航方案,设计了计算机图像采集单元、计算机图像处理模块和视觉导航参数提取算法,实现了一套基于DSP和图像处理的农业机器人视觉导航系统.试验结果表明:农业机器人移动速度增加时,导航误差会增大,且机器人的平均横向偏移在10 cm之内,能够满足农业机器人的导航需求.     

基于模糊自适应纯追踪模型的农业机械路径跟踪方法

为了提高农业机械自动导航控制系统的精度,提出了一种基于模糊自适应纯追踪模型的农业机械路径跟踪方法.该方法基于纯追踪模型进行农业机械路径跟踪控制,结合农业机械运动学模型来确定车轮期望转向角;采用模糊自适应控制在线自适应地确定纯追踪模型中的前视距离,提高了路径跟踪的精度.农业机械的路径跟踪实验结果表明,路径跟踪的最大误差不超过10 cm,平均误差小于5 cm,完全满足农业机械的作业要求,验证了提出方法的可行性和有效性.     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。