《绿色建筑评价标准》分析与设计对策

绿色建筑的实施效果依赖于设计人员对相关评价标准的理解和执行,通过对2014版《绿色建筑评价标准》的编制特点进行分析,研究其在建筑设计阶段涉及到的87项评价条款,根据不同专业及技术措施对其分类统计,计算出不同专业及技术措施的得分情况,根据这些数据分析绿色建筑设计工作的特点及侧重方向,结合建筑设计阶段8个设计专业的100余项申报文件在不同设计阶段的分布情况,总结出绿色建筑设计过程中设计人员在不同设计阶段的设计任务及工作重点,提出绿色建筑的设计对策。     

Experimental Technology on Dynamic Wind Loads on a Tall Building

The wind load is a major load on tall buildings from side directions. It is of considerable necessity to building engineering that the static and dynamic wind load and the dynamic wind response can be achieved accurately. Therefore, the model of a tall building in Chongqing is made and tested in wind tunnel by using the high frequency balance used widely home and abroad at present. The characteristics of wind load are studied. This paper gives the coefficients of base force of the building produced by wind load in different wind directions, and offers reference for wind-resistant design of the building.     

Energy-saving Planning and Design of Urban Residential Buildings in Hanzhong Area

Energy-saving design of residential building is an important part of energy-saving architectural design. Planning and design of residential buildings in Hanzhong area should pay more attention to the building orientation, sunshine, summer ventilation and wind resistance in winter and so on, so as to create favorable conditions for energy-saving design of single buildings. The geographical location, climatic characteristics, residents living habits and indoor and outdoor thermal environment situation were analyzed in this paper, and combined with the existing problems of energy conservation in the planning and layout of residential buildings in Hanzhong area. Based on the investigation, this paper drew some conclusions to provide references for the energy-saving planning and design of urban residential buildings in the local area.     

Research on and Improvement Measures for Building Volume of Residential Quarters in Chongqing, P. R. China

Through research and analysis on residential quarters in five large core zones in the city of Chongqing,P.R.China,it is found there are higher building volumes,smaller exploiting scale,and monotonous building forms in completed residential quarters.This leads to a series of problems influencing the living environment quality,including a low green cover rate,small open spaces,short distances between buildings,and insufficient natural daylight and aeration.By analyzing the influence of high building volumes on social consciousness,economic benefits,environmental hygiene and safety,this paper brings forward some improvement measures aimed at the problems in residential quarter construction in Chongqing.     

Exploration and Practice of Underground Space Design Guided by Green Idea in China

With the continuous deterioration of living environment, green building has become the development trend of architecture, however, usage of urban land is saturated with the development of the city. Thus, the development of underground space has attracted more and more attention, and it is of great significance to introduce green idea into the design of underground space in China. This paper is dedicated to research the exploration and development of green idea in design of underground space in China which can be divided into three stages: budding stage, exploration stage and rapid development stage. To realize ecological green space and sustainable development, diversifi ed and systematic development of green idea in design of underground space is an inevitable trend in China.     

Effect of Natural Resource on Improving Indoor Thermal Environment in Chongqing

Analyzes the potentials of natural resource to improve the indoor thermal environment in Chongqing through the statistical analysis of natural resource including solar energy, wind, water and earth etc. The building forms, systems and principle of usage of natural resources are briefly analyzed through the building site-decision, building form design and computer simulation which will be the real reference for the design of building energy efficiency.     

Natural Ventilation Design in Architecture

The natural ventilation is a technical means adopted widely in energy conservation building. According to the theory of natural ventilation, it can be divided into some forms including the natural ventilation by wind pressure, by different pressure in temperature, by combination of both and mechanically supplementary ventilation. In this paper, the theory of natural ventilation is analyzed with examples, then, the theory of double layer enclosure and the natural ventilation in high-rise building are discussed.     

Design Strategies for the Sustainable Improvement of Urban Social Assistance Buildings

Transformation and innovation of assistance model promote the transition of urban social assistance building to multi-functional building. This paper, on the basis of analyzing complexity and peculiarity of urban social assistance building, as well as researches and practices of sustainable improvement of domestic architecture, proposed environmental, social and economic objectives of the sustainable improvement of urban social assistance building, and elaborated design strategies from the perspectives of site selection and its impact on environment, application, evaluation and utilization of ecological technologies, reform of old buildings, flexible internal layout of building and combination of routine use and disaster use design, so as to improve social benefits and social assessment of assistance buildings sustainably, and to balance humanistic concerns and social resource input.     

Research on the Body Coefficient of Complicated Tall Buildings

Considering the complication of the coefficient of wind-induced vibration for tall buildings,the scale 1:300 model test of Ying Li Building is completed in the second wind tunnel of Beijing University.Based on the calculation and analysis of the test results,the static and dynamic wind pressure acting on the building can be obtained and the value of the coefficient of wind-induced vibration for this tall building can be solved directly,thus a new way is laid for the research of complicated tall buildings.     

Comparative analysis on weight system of breeam industrial and Chinese evaluation system of industrial buildings

With the comprehensive development of green buildings, the evaluation system for domestic green industrial building is gradually established. By comparing the British BREEAM industrial and domestic standards green industrial building evaluation guide, after deep analyses from different views such as the weight system, evaluation process, the article obtains the similarities and the differences between the BREEAM and guide, and puts forward the viewpoint of weight system of evaluation system of domestic green industrial buildings.     

Development and Build of Green Ecological Residential Guarter

This paper, from the perspective of green ecological construction, discusses the development tendency of green ecological residential quarter, analyses the cause, implication, characteristics and practical functions of green ecological residential quarter. And it proposes some suggestions of developing and constructing green ecological residential quarter with green design, wholesale afforestation, green building materials, energy saving and water saving, green lighting, classified garbage disposal and so on. The paper then raises some new suggestions about the programme and design of green ecological residential quarter.     

Analysis of wind load spectrum of super tall buildings with round section in hilly terrain wind field

In order to get wind load and wind induced response of super tall buildings in hilly terrain wind field, effect of changing of turbulent intensity on wind loads must be known. 4 kinds of turbulent wind field are simulated, and 3 super tall building models with round section of different aspect ratio are manufactured. Effects of turbulent intensity, aspect ratio and layer height on along-wind and across-wind load are discussed. Different models are used in fitting of wind load spectrum on each direction. Parameters of load spectrum models are secondary fitted based on turbulent intensity and aspect ratio. Mathematical models of wind load spectrum of super tall buildings with round section in hilly terrain are preliminarily established. At last, an example is provided. According to vertical profile of mean velocity, turbulent intensity and mathematical model of wind load spectrum, wind induced dynamic response of super tall buildings in hilly terrain and flat terrain are compared.     

Computer Aided Analysis Tool for Building Energy Efficiency in Conceptual Design Stage

Conceptual design is one of the most important stages in building design, and energy efficiency analysis is one of the key issues in building conceptual design stage. The existing energy efficiency analysis methods and tools require inputing large number of parameters. However, the detail information of most parameters is not identified at the stage of conceptual design. And the current prevailing energy consumption simulation methods and tools are not appropriate at the stage of conceptual design. The proposed method can be used to compare the energy efficiency of multi strategies at the conceptual design phase. Minimum data were required to be input for achieving the optimal building design scheme. The method can provide a solution to the gap between the rapid building design cycle and the sustainable development demand in China.     

The Design of Courtyard-Style Elderly Care Buildings in Cold Regions

Different climatic zones should consider different architectural spatial organization forms when designing buildings. In this paper, the design scheme of Half Courtyard located in the Guanzhong Plain of Shaanxi is selected for research to explore how to construct ecological elderly care buildings in cold regions. The design scheme has been proven to increase solar energy efficiency, add natural ventilation, improve the insulation performance of building envelopes, and create a comfortable indoor climate.     

Carbon Dioxide Emissions of Office Buildings at Embodied Stage

The building embodied stage is the LCA research focus due to large and intensive CO2 emissions. In order to establish the CO2 emissions calculating model during the embodied stage, CO2 emissions load in the process of building materials, equipments manufacturing, transporting and construction should be included. CO2 emissions during building embodied stage of 78 office buildings were analyzed by this model. On average, the amount of carbon emission during embodied stage is 326.75 kg/m 2. The carbon emission in per unit area increase with the growth of building height and that of super high-rise buildings is 1.5 times as much as multi-story buildings. Carbon emission of civil work accounted for about 75% of the total amount during embodied stage, and the carbon emissions of rebar, concrete, mortar and wall materials accounted for over 80% of the carbon emission of civil work. According to the statistic of prediction model dependent on building story and amount of building materials,the CO2 emissions during building embodied stage could be precisely predicted on basis of the independent variablesincluding concrete and wall materials respectively.     

Assessment System for Green Building from the Angle of Ecological Design ---Taking the CASBEE, LEED and GOBAS as Example

In this paper,first,three assessment systems for green building,namely the LEED(USA) and GOBAS(China) are compared with CASBEE(Japan) in respect of central concepts,mark of evaluation and result of assessment.It is expected that this research of assessment systems could be helpful to designers of architecture in different specialties.Secondly,in this paper these three assessment systems are analyzed from the position of design work.In the end,it is pointed out that to compile a design-oriented handbook for green building design is the new domain of the assessment system for green building.     

龙卷风作用及核电站结构极端风荷载相关问题研究综述

在结构荷载规范中一般均不考虑龙卷风荷载,但对于某些设防要求极高的重要工程设施,如核电站,则需要考虑可能的龙卷风荷载作用。从龙卷风风场理论模型的研究发展入手,对直接风压荷载的确定、风致飞射物间接作用以及特种工程结构核电站抗龙卷风设计的研究现状进行了归纳总结,指出了龙卷风直接风压计算中考虑轴吸力作用、风场平移运动及风致扭转作用的必要性以及飞射物冲击作用应区别弹体相对刚度及端部形态对作用效果的影响。     

Designing Small Building:A Case Study of Design Plan for Yingshan Reception Center

Taking the design plan for Yingshan Reception Center in Jiawang District,Xuzhou City for example,the paper explores the ways of designing small special buildings in mountainous areas.Regional cultures and humanistic concern are combined to study design of small building from the perspectives of site,form,space,material,low technology and ecological strategies,and to explore a way of designing primitive civil architecture that is comfortable,livable and able to integrate into local environment.     

Study on Simulation Method of Heating and Air - conditioning Energy Consumption of Residential Buildings

The heating and air conditioning energy consumption of residential buildings is influenced by the behavior of indoor living personnel.On the basis of research and analysis,two kinds of calculation modes reflecting the behavior of indoor living personnel are estimated.Under two kinds of different calculation modes,by using the building thermal environment simulation Toolkit DeST to simulate the energy consumption calculation for certain residential building in Shanghai,and the simulation results are compared with the research results.The influence of calculation mode on heating and air conditioning energy consumption of residential buildings in Shanghai is analyzed in this paper.In order to obtain the right simulation calculation method correctly reflecting the energy consumption of residential buildings.This method can be used for analysis and evaluation of heating and air conditioning energy consumption of residential buildings in Shanghai,and it can serve as instruction for right energy design of residence building.     

住宅建筑能耗基准确定及用能评价新方法

针对当前建筑能耗基准确定及用能评价方法仍不完善的现状,提出了一种适用于住宅建筑的新方法。通过灰色关联分析确定了不同影响因素(即特征参数)与建筑能耗的关联度,将关联度作为该因素的权值并结合聚类分析对建筑进行合理分类。在此基础上采用累积频率分布法确定了每类建筑的能耗基准值,并对建筑住户进行用能评价。为验证该方法的可行性,将其应用于日本建筑学会所建立的住宅建筑能耗数据库,为聚类后的每类建筑确定了相应的能耗基准并对住户进行了用能评价。结果表明该方法能够综合考虑不同特征参数的影响大小,科学合理地对建筑细化分类,根据分类后的基准评价能够更好地评估住户的节能潜力并提供可行的节能建议。