天津白猪断奶仔猪日粮油脂添加量及适宜消化能水平研究

能量是断奶仔猪生长发育的第一限性因素。在哺乳期仔猪能从母乳中获得丰富的能量（母乳２２－１８ＭＪ／ｋｇ干物质,在干物质中乳脂占４２％）。现在施行２８～３５日龄早期断奶,断奶仔猪的营养来源发生了剧烈变化,由低碳水化合物、高脂肪的液体乳汁转变到高碳水化合物、低脂肪的固体饲料,这就易导致仔猪断奶后营养不足、生长抑制（ＬｅＤｉｖｉｄｉｃｈ等,１９８０;Ｓｅｖｅ,１９８２）［１、２］。发挥仔猪生长潜力就要满足仔猪的高能需要,添加脂肪能达到此目的。Ａｌｌｅｅ等（１９７１）［３］试验证明,仔猪对脂肪能的利用效率…     

苜蓿干草不同添加量对奶牛产奶量和乳脂率的影响

选择年龄、体重、胎次、生理状况、泌乳天数等相近的经产奶牛(泌乳中期的荷斯坦奶牛)16头,随机分为4组(对照组A、试验组B、C、D),每组4头,试验预试期10 d,正试期30 d。测定奶牛产奶量和乳脂率。试验组B、C、D组的日粮配制是在对照组的基础上,分别添加3.5 kg、6.5 kg、9.5 kg的苜蓿干草替代部分精料。试验结果表明:试验B、C和D组与对照组相比,平均产奶量分别提高1.1kg、2.58 kg和1.58 kg,分别提高了4.18%、9.72%和5.95%,试验组与对照组差异显著(P0.05),各试验组间C与B、D差异显著(P0.05)。经济效益分别提高6.41%、13.92%、5.13%。     

降低肉鸡饲料着色成本的试验研究

色素的添加在饲料成本中占有一定的比例，寻找最经济的着色方案，可望作为降低成本的突破口之一，为此，我们最近专门设计了一组肉鸡着色观察试验，以探讨降低着色成本的途径。     

在含粗小麦粉的生长育成期猪日粮中添加植酸酶的效果

试验采用 5 4头杂交猪 (初始体重为 2 8.4± 0 .98kg)来评估在含粗小麦粉的生长育成日粮中添加植酸酶的效果。试验猪被随机分成 2组 :对照组和试验组。试验组日粮除了以每千克 5 0 0单位的植酸酶取代相应的无机磷以外 ,其它成分与对照组日粮相同。试验期分 3个日粮阶段 ,采用 Cr2 O3 为外源指示剂来测定营养成分的消化率 ,每 2周测定 1次猪的体重和采食量并计算饲料效率。在第 2和第 3个日粮阶段分别为 7d的 2个采样期中 ,每天随机采取猪的粪样并按栏混合 ,然后对粪样的干重以及 Ca、P、Cu、Zn的含量分别进行测定。试验结果表明 ,试验组和对照组之间无论是平均日增重还是平均日采食量均没有显著差异。 5～ 8周间对照组的料肉比高于试验组 ( P<0 .0 5 ) ,但在其它各阶段均无显著差异。干物质消化率在第 2日粮阶段中无显著差别 ,但在第 3阶段中试验组高于对照组 ( P<0 .0 1 )。 Ca的消化率也同样是在第 2阶段中 2组相似 ,但在第 3阶段中试验组高于对照组 ( P<0 .0 1 )。磷 ( P)的消化率则无论在第 2阶段 ( P<0 .0 5 )还是第 3阶段 ( P<0 .0 1 ) ,均是试验组高于对照组。试验结果表明 ,在含粗小麦粉的生长育成猪日粮中添加植酸酶可以达到同直接添加无机磷一样的效果。添加植酸酶可以促进含粗小麦粉日粮中钙     

紫花苜蓿在特种野猪日粮中的应用研究

本试验研究紫花苜蓿在特种野猪饲料中的应用价值,开发以苜蓿为主要粗饲料的特种野猪饲料配方。试验结果表明:特种野猪育肥后期饲料中可以使用最多18%的紫花苜蓿草粉,替代对照组饲料中的玉米秸粉和玉米、豆粕、麦麸和葵花粕等精饲料。     

奶牛养殖的脂肪添加量及注意事项

在奶牛的泌乳早期,随着产奶量的不断上升,能量需要量也逐渐增加,而干物质采食量的增加却很有限,处于泌乳高峰期的奶牛,特别是高产奶牛,常常出现能量负平衡。为了增加日粮中的能量浓度,可以在日粮中添加经过处理的保护性脂肪,使脂肪在瘤胃中不发生解离和水解,直接进入小肠被消化吸收,从而进一步提高奶牛的生产性能,挖掘奶牛的产奶潜力。1奶牛饲喂脂肪的好处保护性脂肪作为一种高能饲料,可以提高日粮能量浓度,而不影响瘤胃发酵,可以满足高产奶牛在泌乳早期对能量的大量需要,从而提高产奶量。同时,保护性脂肪被吸收后,可通过乳腺合成分泌到乳汁…     

Vitamin E, Selenium and Methionine Supplementation of Dystrophogenic Diets for Pigs

Forty-eight weanling S.P.F. Yorshire pigs were used to study the influence of supplemental vitamin E (25 IU per kg of diet) selenium (0.5 ppm in diet) and methionine (0.1% in diet) on the incidence of hepatosis dietetica and mulberry heart disease when fed a torula yeast-corn diet. Vitamin E and/or selenium increased pig survival. Supplemental selenium resulted in increased liver selenium concentrations. No hepatosis dietetica was observed in any of the pigs. The addition of vitamin E and/or selenium at the levels used did not reduce the frequency of myocardial lesions; however, they prevented skeletal muscular dystrophy and exudative diathesis. The myocardial lesions were less severe in supplemented pigs compared with unsupplemented controls.     

大麦型日粮中添加非淀粉多糖酶对仔猪生长和消化性能的影响

以“杜长嘉”杂交仔猪为对象 ,研究大麦型饲粮中添加NSP酶制剂对仔猪生长性能和消化率的影响。结果表明 :与对照组相比 ,添加NSP酶使仔猪日增重提高 1 1 .54% (P <0 .0 1 ) ,饲料转化率提高5.33% (P <0 .0 5) ,日采食量提高 5.4 0 % (P <0 .0 5)。添加NSP酶可显著提高各种营养物质的消化率 ,与对照组相比 ,干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维、粗灰分和无氮浸出物的表观消化率分别提高 5.56% (P <0 .0 1 )、4 .79% (P <0 .0 1 )、2 8.79% (P <0 .0 1 )、1 5.0 5% (P <0 .0 1 )、32 .0 5% (P <0 .0 1 )和 4 .2 4 % (P <0 .0 1 )。     

Effects of Dietary Fat Supplementation of Swine Diets and Subsequent Packaging and Storage Conditions on Rancidity Development and Sensory Ratings of Bacon

The effects of fat supplementation of swine diets, packaging, and storage conditions on sensory evaluations and processing characteristics of bacon were evaluated. Five corn-soy dietary treatments, with eight replications each, were supplemented with one of the following fat sources: 10% catfish oil (10FO); 10% catfish meal (10FM); 10% restaurant grease (10RG); 5% catfish meal (5FM); 5% catfish oil (5FO); 13.99% protein corn-soybean meal non-supplemented control (C). After collecting back fat samples for fatty acid analysis, the bellies were processed into bacon, cut into thirds, sliced, and vacuum-packaged or packed in a micarin-coated corrugated cardboard box. After initial evaluation for color scores, surface texture values, and fishy and rancid odors, they were assigned to either vacuum or non-vacuum packaging and either refrigerated or frozen storage for 1, 7, or 13 wk. There were few differences (P>0.05) in fat texture, or fishy or rancid odors in the fresh product. Sensory panel results showed that bacon from hogs fed a 10FO diet scored lower (P<0.05) in overall liking than bacon from C, 10FM, or 5FO diets. Sliced non-vacuum-packaged, frozen bacon was more rancid (P<0.05) and was totally inferior to vacuum-packaged, refrigerated or vacuum-packaged, frozen bacon after 7 and 13 wk storage.     

应用合成氨基本以改善生长猪对低蛋白杂粕型饲粮利用效果的研究

将80头生长猪(29.49±1.8kg)按照来源不同、体重相近、公母各半的原则随机分进不同的圈，每处理4圈，每圈4头。试猪均为自由采食、自由饮水，试期6周。应用人工合成赖氨酸(Lys)、蛋氨酸(Met)、苏氨酸(Thr)和色氨酸(Trp)来平衡日粮氨基酸之间的相对比例。试验日粮共分5种即16CP%(对照)，14CP+Lys(处理1)，14%CP+Lys+Met(处理2)，14%CP+Lys+Met+Thr(处理3)和14%CP+Lys+Met+Thr+Trp(处理4)。准确测定试猪体重和饲料消耗以计算日增重、采食量和饲料转化率。在3周末每圈取2头进行前腔静脉采血以测定血清尿素氮含量。结果表明各处理间采食量无明显差异。在低蛋白日粮中随着Lys、Met、Thr和Trp的依次添加猪的日增重和饲料转化率线性改进(P<0.01)，血清尿素氮含量线性下降(P<0.01)。其中处理3和处理4两组猪的日增重分别比对照提高63.75和113.75g。     

Effects of Betaine and Choline on Response to Methionine Supplementation to Broiler Diets Formulated to Industry Standards

A study was conducted to evaluate the Met-sparing effects of the methyl donors, choline (CHO) and betaine (BET). Male broilers of a commercial strain were fed corn-soybean meal-based diets formulated to meet nutritional levels typical of top broiler producers. Diets were fortified with a complete vitamin premix devoid of CHO. In test diets, Met levels were as formulated, or less 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, or 0.20% Met. Within each Met level, diets received no supplemental CHO or BET or 1,000 mg of CHO/kg, 1,000 mg of BET/kg, or a combination of 500 mg each of CHO and BET/kg. This resulted in a 4 × 5 factorial arrangement with each of the 20 treatments fed to 4 pens of 60 birds for a 56-d feeding trial. Samples of birds were processed at 42, 49, and 56 d to determine parts yield and dressing percentage. Intestinal segments were evaluated for tensile strength at these same ages.The dietary Met level had no significant impact on BW at 14 or 56 d of age, but at 35, 42, and 49 d reduction of the Met content resulted in loss of BW. Feed conversion was not affected by the Met level at 14 d but was significantly affected by reducing the Met level at all other ages. Breast meat yield was reduced in a linear manner by reductions in Met supplementation. The CHO or BET supplementation had no apparent sparing effect on Met needs but did improve feed conversion at 35 and 42 d. There was a positive effect of CHO and BET on breast yield that was independent of Met levels; CHO was as effective as BET for this purpose. No effect of CHO or BET on intestinal strength was observed in the present study.     

Intraarticular Hyaluronic Acid Supplementation in the Horse: The Role of Molecular Weight

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a primary cause of lameness and loss of use in the equine industry. Treatment of affected joints is aimed at reducing synovial inflammation, halting the inflammatory cascade within the joint, minimizing articular cartilage breakdown, and reducing pain. Treatments of affected joints commonly used by equine practitioners include intraarticular hyaluronic acid (HA). Consideration of the average molecular weight (MW) and concentration of the HA product may dictate what product is selected. The purpose of this review is to briefly summarize for the practitioner the scientific data available evaluating the significance of hyaluronic acid molecular weight with regard to efficacy and duration of action in horses when administered intraarticularly. In summary, the beneficial effects of HA supplementation are attributable to the anti-inflammatory effects, improvement in viscoelastic properties of the synovial fluid, and interaction with the synovial membrane affecting pain transmission and joint metabolism. As this review shows, the importance of HA molecular weight with regard to efficacy of treating synovial inflammation and osteoarthritis has not been clearly demonstrated, and results are conflicting. Until there is a full understanding of the mechanism of action of HA within the joint, the veterinarian's choice of HA products will continue to be based on clinical preference. Additional studies directly comparing products of different HA average molecular weights and formulations in a controlled in vivo setting are needed to assess the importance of HA molecular weight in treating joint disease.     

肉种鸡补充硒代蛋氨酸对后代肉鸡肉质的影响及作用机理

本试验旨在研究肉种鸡补充硒代蛋氨酸对后代肉鸡肉质的影响,并从肌肉组织的硒沉积、抗氧化功能、组织形态、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)基因表达方面探讨其作用机理.试验选用39周龄岭南黄肉种鸡240只,随机分为2组,每组3个重复,每个重复40只.试验设亚硒酸钠组(SS组)和DL-硒代蛋氨酸组(SM组),均在基础饲粮中(硒...     

Effects of Turnout to Pasture and Dietary Fat Supplementation on Milk Fat Composition and Conjugated Linoleic Acid in Dairy Cows

Turnout to pasture involves considerable changes in the feed intake and metabolism of dairy cows. The aim of this study was to investigate how these changes affect milk production and milk fat composition, in cows selected for high (HFI) or low (LFI) milk fat content producing the same yield of 4% fat-corrected milk. Furthermore, two different concentrates, with high or low inclusion of soya oil, were studied. The experiment was conducted with 44 multiparous mid-lactating cows over a 4 week period. Samples of milk and blood were obtained before turnout to pasture, during transition to pasture and when cows were adapted to pasture. Milk yield decreased with 3.6 kg energy-corrected milk (ECM) on average during the first 5 days after turnout to pasture. This decrease, together with a drop in plasma insulin and increased plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), indicated nutritional insufficiency at turnout to pasture. Milk fat composition changed towards more long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) and fewer de novo synthesized fatty acids. This was probably caused by an increased supply of LCFA of feed and body origin to the udder. LFI cows showed higher levels of conjugated linoleic acid at pasture than HFI cows.     

饲粮中添加膨化苜蓿草粉-亚麻籽对母猪初乳成分及母猪、仔猪血清脂质代谢指标和脂肪酸含量的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加膨化苜蓿草粉-亚麻籽对母猪初乳成分及母猪、仔猪血清脂质代谢指标和脂肪酸含量的影响.试验选用80头胎次、体况和预产期接近的长×大妊娠母猪,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复5头,单栏饲喂.对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组分别饲喂添加不同比例(0、5％、10％和15％)膨化苜蓿草粉-亚麻籽的试...     

Effect of Soybean Oil Supplementation to Low Metabolizable Energy Diets on Production Parameters of Broiler Chickens

Two experiments were conducted to study the performance and carcass quality of broilers in response to varying composition of a diet low in ME, through the supplementation of graded levels of soybean oil. In an initial study, isocaloric (2,965 kcal/kg) and isonitrogenous (21.7%) corn-soybean diets were supplemented with 10, 20, or 30 g/kg of soybean oil. In a second experiment, diets containing ME levels of 2,940 and 3,040 kcal/kg were supplemented with soybean oil levels of 20 or 40 g/kg. In both experiments, supplementation of up to 30 or 40 g of oil/kg of diet resulted in increases of 175 and 120 g (P < 0.05) in BW gain and 97 and 91 g (P ≤ 0.06) in ready-to-cook (RTC) carcass weight at 49 d, respectively. There was a linear decrease (P < 0.05) in percentage deposition of abdominal fat pad only in diets containing 2,965 (Experiment 1) or 2,940 (Experiment 2) kcal of ME/kg with no significant changes in RTC carcass and whole breast or pectoralis major muscle yields and RTC carcass composition. Improvements in production parameters can be achieved in broiler chickens fed a low ME diet through the addition of moderate levels of soybean oil.     

不同精粗比饲粮中添加异位酸对体外瘤胃发酵的影响

本文旨在探讨不同精粗比饲粮中添加异位酸对体外瘤胃发酵的影响.选用4只体况良好、平均体重(25.48±1.51)kg、装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的阉割南江黄羊作为瘤胃液供体动物.用体外发酵法考察在3个精粗比(30∶70、50∶50和70∶30)饲粮中添加异位酸(1％)后的体外发酵参数变化.结果表明:经过24 h体外培养,不添加异位酸时,随精粗比由30∶70升高到70∶30,培养液pH、氨态氮(NH3-N)浓度、乙酸/丙酸和乙酸占总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)的比例均显著下降(P＜0.05);产气量及乙酸、丙酸和TVFA浓度和丙酸占TVFA的比例均显著提高(P＜0.05).当精粗比为30∶70时,添加异位酸pH无明显变化,NH3-N浓度下降,产气量及微生物蛋白质(MCP)和丁酸浓度上升,但各项指标差异均不显著(P＞0.05),而乙酸、丙酸和TVFA浓度均显著提高(P＜0.05).当精粗比为50∶50时,添加异位酸可显著降低NH3-N浓度(P＜0.05),提高产气量及MCP、乙酸、丙酸和TVFA浓度(P＜0.05),而对pH、丁酸浓度和乙酸/丙酸无显著影响(P＞0.05).当精粗比为70∶30时,添加异位酸NH3-N浓度显著下降(P＜0.05),产气量及MCP、乙酸、丙酸和TVFA浓度显著上升(P＜0.05),而对pH和乙酸/丙酸均无显著影响(P＞0.05).饲粮中添加异位酸有利于提高有机物的消化率和NH3-N的利用,增加MCP、乙酸、丙酸和TVFA的合成.在本试验中,对于MCP和TVFA的合成而言,精料比例越高,添加异位酸的效果越好.     

日粮中添加高硒钴苜蓿草粉对家兔产品营养水平的影响

在新西兰大白兔日粮中添加10%的高硒、高钴、高硒钴等3种高微苜蓿草粉,研究其对新西兰大白兔产品品质和营养水平的影响。结果表明：在新西兰大白兔日粮中添加10%高硒和高硒钴苜蓿草粉,能显著提高家兔产品中肝脏、肾脏和心脏和中硒的含量,其中肝脏硒含量最高,其次为肾脏。随着硒量的增加,更多的硒首先富积在肝脏和肾脏中。而高硒钴苜蓿草粉比高硒苜蓿草粉更有利于硒在大白兔肝脏中富集。另外,添加高硒钴苜蓿草粉对肉中蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物含量影响不显著,但能显著提高其中Fe、Cu和Zn含量。     

日粮中添加高硒钴苜蓿草粉对家兔产品营养水平的影响

在新西兰大白兔日粮中添加10%的高硒、高钴、高硒钴等3种高微苜蓿草粉,研究其对新西兰大白兔产品品质和营养水平的影响.结果表明:在新西兰大白兔日粮中添加10%高硒和高硒钴苜蓿草粉,能显著提高家兔产品中肝脏、肾脏和心脏和中硒的含量,其中肝脏硒含量最高,其次为肾脏.随着硒量的增加,更多的硒首先富积在肝脏和肾脏中.而高硒钴苜蓿...     

Effects of Inulin Supplementation in Low‐ or High‐Fat Diets on Reproductive Performance of Sows and Antioxidant Defence Capacity in Sows and Offspring

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of inulin supplementation in low‐ or high‐fat diets on both the reproductive performance of sow and the antioxidant defence capacity in sows and offspring. Sixty Landrace × Yorkshire sows were randomly allocated to four treatments with low‐fat diet (L), low‐fat diet containing 1.5% inulin (LI), high‐fat diet (H) and high‐fat diet containing 1.5% inulin (HI). Inulin‐rich diets lowered the within‐litter birth weight coefficient of variation (CV, p = 0.05) of piglets, increased the proportion of piglets weighing 1.0–1.5 kg at farrowing (p < 0.01), reduced the loss of body weight (BW) and backfat thickness (BF) during lactation (p < 0.05) and decreased the duration of farrowing as well as improved sow constipation (p < 0.05). Sows fed fat‐rich diets gained more BW during gestation (p < 0.01), farrowed a greater number of total (+1.65 pigs, p < 0.05) and alive (+1.52 pigs p < 0.05) piglets and had a heavier (+2.06 kg, p < 0.05) litter weight at birth as well as a decreased weaning‐to‐oestrous interval (WEI, p < 0.01) compared with sows fed low‐fat diets. However, it is worth noting that the H diet significantly decreased the serum activities of superoxide dismutase (T‐SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) and increased the serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in sows and piglets (p < 0.05). In contrast, HI diet enhanced the activities of T‐SOD and GSH‐Px and decreased the serum MDA concentrations (p < 0.05) in sows and piglets. In summary, the fat‐rich diets fed to sows during gestation had beneficial effects on reproductive performance, but aggravated the oxidative stress in sow and piglets. Inulin‐rich diets fed to sow during gestation had beneficial effects on within‐litter uniformity of piglet birthweight and enhanced the antioxidant defence capacity of sows and piglets.