硫酸锌处理对玉米种子萌发的生理效应

以郑单958和农大108为材料,研究了硫酸锌浸种对老化玉米种子萌发及萌发过程中生理特性的影响。结果表明,适量的锌处理显著提高了玉米种子的发芽势、活力指数和单株幼苗干重,增强了种子萌发过程中的过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、脱氢酶活性,降低了丙二醛(MDA)含量,增加了可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量。不同品种锌的适宜浓度不同,其中郑单958品种以0.4 g/L锌处理效果最好,而农大108品种以0.8 g/L的锌作用效果为佳。表明硫酸锌处理加快了玉米种子的萌发速率,提高了玉米种子萌发期间的抗氧化水平,减缓了脂质过氧化作用,促进了种子萌发时的物质代谢。     

叶面喷施硫酸锌对马铃薯淀粉合成和积累的影响

"克新13号"马铃薯品种用不同浓度的硫酸锌叶面喷施后,测定叶片与块茎中淀粉、蔗糖和还原糖含量以及相关酶活性。结果表明,适量硫酸锌(2~4 g.L-1)叶面喷施处理后马铃薯叶中蔗糖磷酸合成酶、蔗糖转化酶以及块茎蔗糖转化酶和蔗糖合成酶活性均提高,促进马铃薯叶和块茎中的蔗糖、还原糖的合成,块茎中淀粉合成和积累提高。     

外源物质浸种对黄瓜陈种子萌发效应的影响

为提高老化种子的生活力和利用率，有效利用黄瓜种子，给黄瓜陈种子在生产中的应用提供数据支撑。以贮存11 a的黄瓜品种甘丰11号种子为材料，采用培养皿发芽法，研究不同外源物质CaCl2、KH2PO4、KNO3、SA、ZnSO4浸种对黄瓜陈种子萌发的影响。结果表明，5种不同浓度的药剂均能不同程度提高黄瓜种子的发芽率，以0.175 mg/L的CaCl2溶液浸种对黄瓜陈种子萌发的促进作用最显著，其发芽率为(91.67±1.66)%、发芽势为(87.90±1.40)%、发芽指数为53.63±2.15，较对照只加入清水处理分别提高31.58%、56.96%、69.37%，各处理间差异达到显著水平(P ＜ 0.05)。生产中可以选用0.175 mg/L的CaCl2溶液浸泡处理黄瓜陈种子。     

马铃薯连作栽培的土壤水分效应研究

以宁南山区连作1年、3年、6年、10年的马铃薯地块为研究对象,利用定位观测数据,对不同连作年限下马铃薯生长特性及土壤水分变化规律进行研究。结果表明:马铃薯植株高度、叶面积和日净光合速率随连作年限的增加而降低;开花前后是马铃薯需水的高峰期,各连作年限马铃薯地块土壤水分的季节变化趋势一致,但连作6年、10年土壤含水量明显低于连作1年、3年;开花期不同连作年限土壤水分均在40～60cm层出现水分含量较低的干土层,干化程度随连作年限的增加而加重;连作6年的马铃薯地块在40～60cm处土壤水分含量降至11.63%,开始出现轻度干层迹象,连作10年40～60cm处土壤含水量为10.54%,逐步向中度干层过渡;且连作年限超过3年土壤水分利用效率明显降低。由于宁南山区土层深厚,土壤表层水分可通过降雨得到恢复,而连作超过3年深层土壤水分难以恢复,并对土壤水分环境产生深刻的负面影响。     

河西走廊盐化潮土钾肥对马铃薯增产效应的研究

在河西走廊盐化潮土上,连续3年的研究结果表明增施K肥可以显著提高马铃薯的产量,马铃薯的产量随K肥用量的增加而增加,而增产效果则随K肥用量的增加而递减。经回归统计分析,K肥经济效益最佳施肥量为239.70kg/hm2,理论产量为63.45t/hm2;K肥成本599.25元/hm2,收益3.75万元/hm2;不同处理间差异显著性经LSR检验达到显著和极显著水平。K肥对马铃薯的增产效果与土壤速效K含量呈负相关。     

马铃薯地膜种植生态效应研究

通过田间随机区组试验研究马铃薯地膜种植生态效应结果表明,马铃薯营养阶段、生殖阶段不同地膜覆盖处理耕层土壤速效氮供应强度比露地提高32.6%~64.0%,速效磷提高4.2%~59.4%,植株吸收量分别提高13.2%~48.3%和14.6%~38.2%;不同处理耕层土壤速效氮含量营养阶段均高于生殖阶段,速效磷含量则相反。地膜处理耕层土壤含水量营养阶段比露地提高5.3%~31.6%,植株吸收量提高26.3%~31.0%;生殖阶段比露地分别提高1.9%~16.9%和4.4%~18.8%。耕层土壤中2阶段地膜比对照细菌分别增加30.0%、130.8%,放线菌分别增加19.7%、474.1%,霉菌分别增加12.5%、22.7%。一天中地膜处理耕层土壤温度均高于露地,上午随土层深度的增加,营养阶段土壤温度递增而生殖阶段略呈递减,中午和下午随土层深度的增加,2阶段土壤温度逐渐递减。地膜处理其块茎产量、地上茎叶产量、地下根产量均高于露地对照。在试验设计施肥范围内,地膜种植施肥水平高的土壤和植株养分、水分含量高,增产幅度大。     

GGR6浸种处理浓度对沙打旺种子活力及萌发特性的影响

利用植物生长调节剂调节植物生长、发育和繁殖,是有效提高植物对逆境适应能力和生产能力的重要手段.为探究植物生长调节剂GGR6对沙打旺种子活力及萌发特性的影响,通过观测不同GGR6浓度(0、50、100、150和200 mg/L)浸种处理下,沙打旺种子活力及萌发特性指标,利用隶属函数法,综合分析筛选出适宜沙打旺种子萌发的GGR6处理浓度.结果表明:1)种子发芽动态呈“单峰型”,GGR6处理提高了种子发芽速度和发芽率,缩短发芽时间;2)处理浓度为100 mg/L以下时,种子活力、发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、萌发指数和活力指数均随着GGR6浓度升高而升高,且浓度在50 ～ 100 mg/L之间,升高最为显著,高于100 mg/L后,各处理之间差异不显著(P＞0.05);3)促进沙打旺种子萌发的最佳GGR6作用浓度为100 mg/L.研究对利用植物措施在荒漠化土地治理中,加速植被建设的进程和效果具有重要意义.     

马铃薯对瓜列当种子萌发的化感作用研究

瓜列当给瓜类等经济作物造成较大危害。本研究采用盆栽4个推广马铃薯品种"夏波蒂"、"青薯168"、"冀张薯5号"和"克新1号",以不同生长时期(幼苗期、开花期和结薯期)马铃薯根际土、根系和地上部的浸提液(甲醇和水)刺激瓜列当种子萌发,根据发芽率来判定其对瓜列当化感作用的强弱,同时筛选刺激瓜列当发芽率高的品种用于列当杂草的防除。结果表明,马铃薯能刺激瓜列当种子萌发;不同马铃薯品种对瓜列当的化感作用各有差异,随着马铃薯的生长,根际土中化感物质积累不断升高,根系化感作用逐渐减弱,而地上部化感作用逐渐增强。甲醇浸提液刺激瓜列当种子发芽率高于水浸提液,即甲醇浸提化感作用效果较好。"夏波蒂"根系甲醇浸提液刺激瓜列当种子的发芽率在幼苗期最高,为48.5%;而地上部甲醇浸提液处理的发芽率在结薯期最高,为51.2%。可以在瓜列当危害的农田轮作"夏波蒂"5~8年,同时采用马铃薯秸秆还田来减少土壤中瓜列当种子库,达到防除瓜列当危害的目的。     

Effect of zinc sulfate fortification in germinated brown rice on seed zinc concentration, bioavailability, and seed germination

Rice is the staple food for more than half of the world's population and, hence, the main source of a vital micronutrient, zinc (Zn). Unfortunately, the bioavailability of Zn from rice is very low not only due to low content but also due to the presence of some antinutrients such as phytic acid. We investigated the effect of germination and Zn fortification treatment on Zn bioavailability of brown rice from three widely grown cultivars using the Caco-2 cell model to find a suitable fortification level for producing germinated brown rice. The results of this study showed that Zn content in brown rice increased significantly (p < 0.05) as the external Zn concentrations increased from 25 to 250 mg/L. In contrast, no significant influence (p > 0.05) on germination percentage of rice was observed when the Zn supply was lower than 150 mg/L. Zn fortification during the germination process has a significant impact on the Zn content and finally Zn bioavailability. These findings may result from the lower molar ratio of phytic acid to Zn and higher Zn content in Zn fortified germinated brown rice, leading to more bioavailable Zn. Likewise, a significant difference (p < 0.05) was found among cultivars with respect to the capacity for Zn accumulation and Zn bioavailability; these results might be attributed to the difference in the molar ratio of phytic acid to Zn and the concentration of Zn among the cultivars evaluated. Based on global intake of Zn among the world population, we recommend germinated brown rice fortified with 100 mg/L ZnSO(4) as a suitable concentration to use in the germination process, which contains high Zn concentration and Zn bioavailability. In the current study, the cultivar Bing91185 fortified with Zn through the germination process contained a high amount as well as bioavailable Zn, which was identified as the most promising cultivar for further evaluation to determine its efficiency as an improved source of Zn for target populations.     

钼酸钠浸种对花生种子萌芽及幼苗生长的影响

本文研究不同浓度钼酸钠浸种对花生种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。试验结果表明,一定浓度的钼酸钠溶液浸种,对花生种子萌发具有促进作用,可以提高花生种子的发芽率,促进种子胚根的生长。在花生幼苗生长阶段,它能增加叶片叶绿素含量和可溶性蛋白质含量,提高了过氧化氢酶活性和硝酸还原酶活性。实验结果显示,钼酸钠溶液浸种是促进花生种子萌发和幼苗植株生长的重要措施。     

Response of potato cv. Kufri Sadabahar to zinc sulfate application under tarai region of Uttarakhand

In order to determine the response of potato cv. Kufri Sadabahar to zinc (Zn) sulfate application, the present investigation was carried out during winter season of 2014–15 and 2015–16. The layout of experimental field was laid in a randomized block design with three replications. The experiment included three levels of Zn sulfate (15, 20 and 25 kg/ha) applied as basal and split doses along with control (without Zn), forming ten different treatments, which were distributed randomly in each block. Pooled data indicated that treatment T₇ (Zn sulfate @ 25 kg/ha as basal) produced maximum dry leaf weight (0.68 and 0.76 g) at 45 and 60 days after planting, respectively, with tuber yield of 36.45 t/ha and harvest index of 74.90%. Results also indicated that benefit:cost ratio (2.18 and 2.28) and net returns (Rs. 192.56 thousand and Rs. 209.40 thousand) from the potato crop during both the years, respectively, were obtained under treatment T₇.     

叶面施锌对马铃薯产量和锌含量的影响

在缺锌土壤中施用锌肥不仅可提高马铃薯产量,而且能显著提高马铃薯块茎锌含量,研究旨在揭示不同 熟性马铃薯叶面施用锌肥的不同施肥量、施肥时期及施肥种类在提高马铃薯产量和块茎锌含量方面的差异。以马 铃薯品种费乌瑞它、大西洋、定薯 4 号为供试材料,于 2020 年 4 月至 2021 年 10 月在大田条件下设置 3 组试验: 试验 1 为不同类型锌肥喷施试验,设不施锌肥为对照(G0)、喷施硫酸锌水溶液(G1)、喷施硫酸锌 + 尿素水溶 液(G2)和喷施安米达·糖醇锌水溶液(G3)4 个处理;试验 2 为不同锌肥喷施量试验,设喷施浓度为 0.00% (F0)、0.02%(F1)、0.03%(F2)、0.04%(F3)、0.05%(F4)和 0.06%(F5)6 个处理;试验 3 为不同时期喷 施锌肥试验,设全生育期不喷施锌肥为对照(L0)、苗期喷施(L1)、现蕾期喷施(L2)、块茎形成期喷施(L3) 和块茎膨大期喷施(L4)5 个处理。结果表明,叶面喷施适量硫酸锌,马铃薯产量、块茎锌含量和叶片 SPAD 值 均有所提高。早熟品种费乌瑞它与中熟品种大西洋,喷施锌肥浓度为 0.30% 时,块茎锌含量较未喷施分别显著增 加 37.25% 和 32.26%;晚熟品种定薯 4 号锌肥浓度为 0.50% 时块茎锌含显著增加 31.75%。不同品种马铃薯喷施关 键时期均在块茎形成期和膨大期,块茎锌含量较未喷施平均显著增加 46.26%。叶面喷施硫酸锌和尿素水溶液增产 增效显著,块茎锌含量显著增加 42.11%,产量显著增加 12.86%。综上所述,结合叶面施锌增加马铃薯产量和块 茎锌含量的田间应用效果分析,在早、中熟品种马铃薯上采用 0.30% 硫酸锌水溶液,晚熟品种上采用 0.50% 硫酸 锌水溶液,因地制宜采用叶面喷施硫酸锌水溶液配施 0.05% 尿素,在马铃薯块茎形成期和块茎膨大期两个关键时 期进行喷施,可协同实现最佳肥料利用效率、最大程度的稳产增产和提高马铃薯的锌营养含量。     

Nitrification in three soils amended with zinc sulfate

Zinc as ZnSO₄ was added to three soils at rates of 0, 10, 100 and 1000 μg Zn g^?1 soil. The soils were uniformly treated with 100 μg Ng^?1 as nh₄cl, incubated at 30°C and NH₄⁺-N and (NO₃^? + NO₂^?)-N determined weekly for 7 weeks. Nitrification in all three soils was totally inhibited by 1000 μg Zn g^?1. At the 100 μg Zn g^?1 rate, nitrification was significantly reduced in two of the three soils during some part of the incubation. This differential effect on nitrification at the 100 μg Zn g^?1 rate was related to differences in soil properties. These results imply that, with respect to nitrification, care should-be taken not to apply Zn-containing materials indiscriminately to soils.     

The effect of aluminum on the germination of wheat seeds 1

The effect of aluminum (Al) ions on the germination of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seeds has been investigated using two varieties, one sensitive to Al (Robin) and the other relatively Al‐tolerant (Carazinho). High concentrations of Al (i.e. greater than 1 mM) were required to inhibit the growth of the emerging roots and shoots of germinating seeds of both varieties. Moreover, Al at concentrations up to 10 mM did not affect the mobilization of carbohydrate reserves in the germinating seeds. It was concluded that germinating seeds of both wheat varieties were much less sensitive to the effects of Al than were established seedlings.