含三唑基酰基硫脲类除草剂的结构与生物活性的量子化学研究

利用量子化学方法,对14种含三唑基酰基硫脲类化合物的结构与除草活性关系进行了研究.采用HF方法和6-31G基组,对14种化合物进行全参数优化,得到了它们的稳定构型.并对化合物中原子的净电荷分布、前线分子轨道能级及轨道组成等性质进行了分析,把它们与试验得到的生物活性数据对照,通过研究发现,三唑基酰基硫脲类化合物的除草活性与分子的前线轨道(HOMO、LUMO)能级存在一定的关系.     

黄顶菊活性成分的构型及其除草活性作用机制

黄顶菊提取物中含有除草活性成分,针对这些活性基团合成一些具有除草活性的分子,采用B3lyp/6-311G(d,p)对7种化合物进行全参数优化,得到其稳定构型。并对化合物中原子的NBO电荷分布、前线分子轨道能级、静电势等性质进行了分析,结果表明,化合物的除草活性与分子的各种参数存在一定的联系,药物分子与受体作用时是噻吩环接受电子,苯环、吡啶环或嘧啶环提供电子,达到药物的作用效果,在药物分子发挥药效时主要是连在苯环、吡啶环或嘧啶环酰胺基这部分提供电子,与蛋白质或酶相互作用形成电子转移过程,从而达到除草效果。     

苯酚苯胺类化合物毒性预测

采用Chemoffice6.0软件中的算法计算了36种苯酚苯胺类化合物的量子化学结构参数,其中包括表征化合物分配能力的lgKow脂溶性参数、表征化合物极性MR、表征化合物结构性能的HOF、TE等电性参数以及反映化合物分子轨道能的ELUMO的轨道能参数,并对大型蚤的24hEC与各参数之间的关系进行探讨,进一步研究量子化学参数与其毒性的关系。     

萘衍生物的聚合膜结构及膜的pH响应

以电化学方法得到一系列的萘衍生物聚合膜。通过Ｘ－光电子能谱，反射红外光谱方法研究了聚（１－萘胺）的聚合形式。采用量子化学计算得到本文所研究的萘衍生物的电荷密度、分子总能量等电子结构参数。发现这些聚合物ｐＨ响应与其电子结构参数有一定的关系。     

Prinsepiol衍生物的合成及其抑菌活性

为研究双四氢呋喃类木脂素的结构与杀菌活性的关系,以Prinsepiol为起始原料,选择性地对其4,4′位羟基进行改造,在前期工作的基础上,设计、合成了3个烷氧基化衍生物和1个苯磺酰基化衍生物,采用UV、IR、1H-NMR、13C-NMR、HR-MS等方法鉴定其结构,并同时测定包括前期合成的两个酰化衍生物在内的6个化合物对番茄灰霉病菌和玉米大斑病菌孢子萌发的抑制作用。结果表明,4,4′-酰化衍生物对两种病原菌的抑制活性都比母体化合物Prinsepiol高,4,4′-烷氧基衍生物的活性大体上与母体化合物Prinsepiol相当,苯磺酰基衍生物的活性比母体化合物Prinsepiol低。     

昆仑雪菊中2个查尔酮化合物抗氧化活性构效关系

[目的]研究昆仑雪菊中2个查尔酮化合物的抗氧化活性的大小顺序,解释这2个化合物抗氧化活性产生差异的原因。[方法]采用密度泛函理论(DFT)方法在B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)计算水平下对2个查尔酮化合物进行了电子结构、酚羟基氢键解离能、分子轨道能级差3个方面的数据分析。[结果]2个查尔酮化合物抗氧化活性的大小与分子结构中酚羟基数目及分子内氢键数目多少呈正相关,与酚羟基氢键解离能、分子轨道能级差呈负相关。[结论]理论模型预测结果与试验所测结果一致,解释了试验上2个化合物抗氧化活性大小差异的原因。     

藏紫草化学成分及抑菌活性研究

[目的]研究藏紫草的化学成分及其抗菌活性。[方法]采用浓度95%乙醇冷浸提取藏紫草得到总浸膏(A),依次采用不同溶剂进行萃取,得到石油醚提取物(B)、乙酸乙酯提取物(C)和正丁醇提取物(D),将C通过硅胶柱色谱技术分离纯化,并采用光谱学方法鉴定化合物的结构;用滤纸片法对A、B、C和D进行抑菌活性研究,并用2倍稀释法测定其MIC值。[结果]从C中分离得到5个化合物,分别为β-谷甾醇、齐墩果酸、苯甲酸、阿魏酸和胡萝卜苷。[结论]化合物1～5为首次从该植物中分离得到;A、B、C和D均具有一定的抗菌活性。     

氯苯类化合物对水生生物毒性的构效关系的量子化学研究

应用CNDO／2量子化学方法计算了12个氯苯类化合物（包括苯分子 ）的电子结构，并结合相关分析和逐步回归分析方法，探讨了氯苯类化合物电子结构与其对花Jiang鱼（Guppy)和发光细菌（Microtox)半致死量负对数（DLC50、EC50）之间的定量关系，分别获得氯苯化合物最低空轨道（LUMO）与最高占据轨道（HOMO）的能量差）DELH）与DLCT50和EC50之间的线性方程（相关系数分虽为0．969和0．937）。结果表明：DELH值越小，即化合物接受电子的能力越强，则氯苯化合物对Guppy和Microtox手毒性就越大，据此可预测氯苯化合物的毒性。     

取代基团对含噻二唑片段截短侧耳素衍生物抑制鸡毒支原体活性的影响

【目的】为研发抗鸡毒支原体感染的药物提供试验依据。【方法】合成18种C14支链含噻二唑片段的截短侧耳素衍生物,采用高分辨质谱进行结构确证,通过体外药敏试验研究所合成苯环取代基衍生物对鸡毒支原体抑菌活性的影响。【结果】化合物12、15和17对鸡毒支原体S6的最小抑菌质量浓度(Minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC)均为0.125 0μg·mL~(-1),化合物18和对照泰妙菌素对鸡毒支原体S6的MIC值最高,均为0.015 6μg·m L~(-1),化合物18氨基被苯甲酰基化后所得化合物17的抗菌活性减弱。【结论】化合物18可作为候选化合物进行深入研究,以开发新的抗支原体感染药物。     

鹿角珊瑚中肿瘤坏死因子TNF-α抑制剂的计算机虚拟筛选

[目的]通过计算机虚拟筛选,从鹿角珊瑚化合物构建的数据库中寻找作为TNF-α抑制剂的先导化合物。[方法]采用Chem Office Ultra 2008的Chem Draw绘制分子化学结构,Chem Finder构建配体数据库,Molecular Operating Environment v2008.10(MOE)寻找TNF-α受体的三维结构活性部位,对配体小分子进行2次3D衍生,然后对接打分,筛选最理想的类药分子。[结果]鹿角珊瑚中分离的成分及其衍生物中含有多个TNF-α受体蛋白对接效果很好的化合物,并且有2个化合物的效果活性接近阳性对照配体。[结论]鹿角珊瑚中分离的成分及其衍生物中2个化合物有助于肿瘤治疗的发展。     

姜黄素的量化计算及反应活性预测

运用Gaussian98软件包,采用密度泛函方法,在B3LYP／6—31G基组水平上,对姜黄素晶体结构进行了量子化学计算。根据前线轨道能量和原子净电荷等量化参数,推导出化合物可能的主要活性部位β-二酮的氧原子。     

OH自由基分子的外电场特性研究

采用MPW1PW91/Aug-cc-pvqz方法及基组探索电场对OH自由基基态分子的总能量、键长、偶极矩、谐振频率、红外谱强度、电荷布居、HOMO和LUMO能级的影响.计算结果表明:MPW1PW91方法优化得到的核间距为Re=0.096 973nm,与实验值Re=0.096 96nm符合得非常好,只有0.001 3%的误差;振动频率为3 739.403cm~(-1),也与NIST数据库实验值3 737.76cm~(-1)一致;键长和红外谱强度随电场的增加先减小后增大;HOMO能和谐振频率分子总能量随电场的增加先增大后减小;偶极矩随电场增加线性地增加,LUMO能级随电场增加平缓地增加;E_g随外电场的增大先增大后减小.电场中OH自由基分子被激发至空轨道形成空穴时,该分子对电场强度具有选择性.     

磺胺类药物光催化降解活性与分子电子结构相关性研究

以碳纳米管-二氧化钛为光催化剂,在可见光和紫外光照射条件下,研究磺胺、磺胺甲恶唑、磺胺噻唑及磺胺二甲嘧啶4种磺胺类药物在纯溶液和混合溶液中的光催化降解行为。采用量子化学理论中杂化密度泛函理论(DFT/B3LYP)对磺胺类分子构建几何模型,计算4种磺胺类药物的分子电子结构,研究它们光催化降解活性与分子电子结构的相关性。研究结果表明:4种磺胺类药物的可见光降解速率快慢为:磺胺>磺胺噻唑>磺胺甲恶唑>磺胺二甲嘧啶;纯溶液中磺胺类药物的光催化降解活性与分子电子结构存在密切的相关性,正辛醇-水分配系数越小、偶极矩越大、EHOMO越大、HOMO-LUMO能隙越小,降解速率越快;混合溶液中磺胺类药物的光催化降解速率不仅与其分子电子结构有关,也与其在光催化剂表面的吸附有关。     

Structure of E. coli glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase complexed with tRNA(Gln) and ATP at 2.8 A resolution

The crystal structure of Escherichia coli glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase (GlnRS) complexed with its cognate glutaminyl transfer RNA (tRNA(Gln] and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) has been derived from a 2.8 angstrom resolution electron density map and the known protein and tRNA sequences. The 63.4-kilodalton monomeric enzyme consists of four domains arranged to give an elongated molecule with an axial ratio greater than 3 to 1. Its interactions with the tRNA extend from the anticodon to the acceptor stem along the entire inside of the L of the tRNA. The complexed tRNA retains the overall conformation of the yeast phenylalanine tRNA (tRNA(Phe] with two major differences: the 3' acceptor strand of tRNA(Gln) makes a hairpin turn toward the inside of the L, with the disruption of the final base pair of the acceptor stem, and the anticodon loop adopts a conformation not seen in any of the previously determined tRNA structures. Specific recognition elements identified so far include (i) enzyme contacts with the 2-amino groups of guanine via the tRNA minor groove in the acceptor stem at G2 and G3; (ii) interactions between the enzyme and the anticodon nucleotides; and (iii) the ability of the nucleotides G73 and U1.A72 of the cognate tRNA to assume a conformation stabilized by the protein at a lower free energy cost than noncognate sequences. The central domain of this synthetase binds ATP, glutamine, and the acceptor end of the tRNA as well as making specific interactions with the acceptor stem.2+t is     

1-取代-2-氨基苯并咪唑化合物QSAR研究

利用量子化学程序计算了8个1-取代-2-氨基苯并咪唑化合物的结构和量子化学参数(最高充满轨道能量、最低空轨道能量、水化能、极化率、生成热、N1原子静电势、摩尔折射率等),并分别对雌、雄小鼠急性毒性进行了定量结构-活性相关(QSARs)分析。结果表明,正辛醇-水分配系数、最低空轨道能量、极化率、水化能4个参数共同构建的模型准确性最高,解决了化合物苯环取代基预测相差较远的问题,而水化能、极化率在QSAR研究中也比较少见。利用上述模型对雌、雄小鼠急性毒性进行了预测,结果表明该模型能很好地预测化合物对小鼠急性毒性,预测值与试验值误差小。     

Class II aminoacyl transfer RNA synthetases: crystal structure of yeast aspartyl-tRNA synthetase complexed with tRNA(Asp)

The crystal structure of the binary complex tRNA(Asp)-aspartyl tRNA synthetase from yeast was solved with the use of multiple isomorphous replacement to 3 angstrom resolution. The dimeric synthetase, a member of class II aminoacyl tRNA synthetases (aaRS's) exhibits the characteristic signature motifs conserved in eight aaRS's. These three sequence motifs are contained in the catalytic site domain, built around an antiparallel beta sheet, and flanked by three alpha helices that form the pocket in which adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and the CCA end of tRNA bind. The tRNA(Asp) molecule approaches the synthetase from the variable loop side. The two major contact areas are with the acceptor end and the anticodon stem and loop. In both sites the protein interacts with the tRNA from the major groove side. The correlation between aaRS class II and the initial site of aminoacylation at 3'-OH can be explained by the structure. The molecular association leads to the following features: (i) the backbone of the GCCA single-stranded portion of the acceptor end exhibits a regular helical conformation; (ii) the loop between residues 320 and 342 in motif 2 interacts with the acceptor stem in the major groove and is in contact with the discriminator base G and the first base pair UA; and (iii) the anticodon loop undergoes a large conformational change in order to bind the protein. The conformation of the tRNA molecule in the complex is dictated more by the interaction with the protein than by its own sequence.     

Closed-shell molecules that ionize more readily than cesium

We report a class of molecules with extremely low ionization enthalpies, one member of which has been determined to have a gas-phase ionization energy (onset, 3.51 electron volts) lower than that of the cesium atom (which has the lowest gas-phase ionization energy of the elements) or of any other known closed-shell molecule or neutral transient species reported. The molecules are dimetal complexes with the general formula M2(hpp)4 (where M is Cr, Mo, or W, and hpp is the anion of 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-2H-pyrimido[1,2-a]pyrimidine), structurally characterized in the solid state, spectroscopically characterized in the gas phase, and modeled with theoretical computations. The low-energy ionization of each molecule corresponds to the removal of an electron from the delta bonding orbital of the quadruple metal-metal bond, and a strong interaction of this orbital with a filled orbital on the hpp ligands largely accounts for the low ionization energies.     

Changing the acceptor identity of a transfer RNA by altering nucleotides in a "variable pocket"

The specificity of tRNA(Arg) (arginine transfer RNA) for aminoacylation (its acceptor identity) were first identified by computer analysis and then examined with amber suppressor tRNAs in Escherichia coli. On replacing two nucleotides in tRNA(Phe) (phenylalanine transfer RNA) with the corresponding nucleotides from tRNA(Arg), the acceptor identity of the resulting tRNA was changed to that of tRNA(Arg). The nucleotides used in the identity transformation occupy a "variable pocket" structure on the surface of the tRNA molecule where two single-stranded loop segments interact. The middle nucleotide in the anticodon also probably contributes to the interaction, since an amber suppressor of tRNA(Arg) had an acceptor identity for lysine as well as arginine.     

Microwave manipulation of an atomic electron in a classical orbit

Although an atom is a manifestly quantum mechanical system, the electron in an atom can be made to move in a classical orbit almost indefinitely if it is exposed to a weak microwave field oscillating at its orbital frequency. The field effectively tethers the electron, phase-locking its motion to the oscillating microwave field. By exploiting this phase-locking, we have sped up or slowed down the orbital motion of the electron in excited lithium atoms by increasing or decreasing the microwave frequency between 13 and 19 gigahertz; the binding energy and orbital size change concurrently.