气-质联用法测定干槟榔中苯并(α)芘含量

提出一种测定干槟榔中痕量苯并(α)芘的方法，试样经氢氧化钾皂化，弗洛里硅土固相柱净化，正已烷二氯甲烷液洗脱，浓缩，用标准加入法和GC-MS(气相色谱-质谱)定量测定。试验证明，测定结果平均回收率达到80%以上，相对标准偏差RSD为0.97%～1.2%，方法线性、精密、准确度均良好，可以满足分析的要求。     

固相萃取法与QuEChERS法对比检测无核荔枝中19种农药残留

建立了气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)法同时测定无核荔枝中19种农药残留的分析方法。实验考察了固相萃取法和QuEChERS法中影响净化和萃取效果的各个因素,同时对二者的基质效应进行分析。结果表明:19种农药的线性范围在0.01~0.5μg/mL,相关系数均大于0.99。在0.01、0.1、0.5 mg/kg加标水平下,采用固相萃取净化时,19种农药的平均回收率为67.0%~95.6%,RSD为2.5%~12%。采用QuEChERS净化时,19种农药的平均回收率在68.2%~125%,RSD为2.8%~12.7%。2种方法在灵敏度和精密度方面无显著差异,均符合农药残留分析要求。但固相萃取较QuEChERS基质效应小,净化相对彻底。QuEChERS较固相萃取具有简单、快速、环保等优点。2种方法均能对荔枝样品进行检测,且数据准确可靠。     

分散固相萃取-反相高效液相色谱法测定蔬菜、水果中10种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留

建立分散固相萃取-反相高效液相色谱同时测定蔬菜和水果中10种氨基甲酸酯类农药(涕灭威，涕灭威砜，涕灭威亚砜，克百威，3-羟基克百威，灭多威，甲萘威，异丙威，速灭威，仲丁威)残留的分析方法。样品经乙腈提取，PSA分散固相萃取净化，液相色谱柱后衍生分离，荧光检测(λex＝330 nm, λem＝465 nm)测定，外标法定量。10种农药在0.005～0.50 mg/L范围内线性关系良好；检出限在0.004～0.008 mg/L；平均加标回收率在75.6%～112.3%，相对标准偏差(RSD)在 0.8%～10.2%。该方法具有快速、灵敏、准确、重现性好以及操作简单等特点，适合日常大批量蔬菜和水果样品中10种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留的测定。     

茶多酚对苯并[a]芘致青鳉鱼后代发育畸形的拮抗作用

为了研究茶多酚对苯并[a]芘致日本青鳉鱼后代畸形的拮抗及其可能机理,本研究采用正在产卵的青鳉鱼为模式生物,采用腹腔注射法研究了茶多酚对苯并[a]芘致其后代发育畸形的影响,并用逆转录-实时荧光定量PCR法检测肝脏组织内的CYP酶（CYP1A1、CYP1B、CYP2A、CYP2C、CYP2D、CYP3A）和GST基因（mGST、GST-a）的mRNA表达情况。结果表明,单独注射苯并[a]芘组日本青鳉鱼后代畸形率达到15.13%,显著高于对照;茶多酚拮抗组后代畸形率有所下降,除茶多酚最低剂量组（20μg/g BaP+2μg/g TP）外,其他组与BaP组间均存在显著差异。实时荧光定量PCR结果表明,苯并芘试验组对CYP1A1、CYP1B、CYP2A、CYP2C、CYP2D有轻微诱导,并显著抑制雌鱼mGST和GST-a的表达,同时茶多酚可明显抑制CYP1A1基因和谷胱甘肽-S转移酶基因mGST和GST-a的表达。表明茶多酚的抗畸变机理可能与抑制CYP1A1基因表达以及加速苯并芘代谢有关。     

固相萃取和分散固相净化-串联质谱测定茶鲜叶和干茶中的农药残留

建立了茶鲜叶和干茶中9种农药的残留分析方法。样品中的残留农药经乙腈提取,Florisil/GCB固相萃取柱和PSA/GCB分散固相联合净化,超高效液相色谱串联质谱（UPLC-MS/MS）和气相色谱质谱联用（GC-MS）测定。在0.005~1.000 mg·kg^-1的添加水平下,目标农药在鲜叶和干茶中的平均回收率在70.3%~103.9%,相对标准偏差（RSD）<20.0%。在0.005~2.000 mg·kg^-1浓度范围,目标农药在鲜叶和干茶基质中的线性关系良好,r>0.995 4。定量限（LOQ）为0.005 mg·kg^-1。实际样品检测结果表明,该方法灵敏度高,重现性好,能够满足农药多残留检测的要求。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定油菜薹中反式维生素K1含量

为准确测定反式维生素K1的含量，建立了基于固相萃取-高效液相色谱串联质谱的甘蓝型油菜（Brassica napus L.）菜薹反式维生素K1高灵敏检测技术。样品经正己烷提取、中性氧化铝柱净化后，用C30反相色谱柱，以甲醇 （含0.025%甲酸+2.5 mmol/L甲酸铵）为流动相，采用选择反应监测（selected reaction monitoring, SRM）模式进行定量分析，20 min内可实现顺反异构体色谱分离。方法学考察结果显示，反式维生素K1在范围内线性关系良好，相关系数为0.9985。该方法检出限为0.29 μg/kg，定量限为0.95 μg/kg。回收率为87.5%～117.6%，精密度（RSD）在0.72% ～9.59%之间。利用该方法对油菜薹和反式维生素K1含量高的3种蔬菜进行分析，发现油菜薹中反式维生素K1含量为340.08 μg/100g，高于小白菜（B. rapa spp. chinensis，260.93 μg/100g）、西兰花（B. oleracea var. Italic Planch， 167.65 μg/100g）和结球甘蓝（B. oleracea var. capitata，151.11 μg/100g）。本文建立的蔬菜中反式维生素K1准确定量分析方法操作简单、灵敏度高、结果准确。同时比较发现油菜薹是一种富含维生素K1的蔬菜。      

液相色谱-电喷雾质谱测定油菜籽中磺酰脲类除草剂

为提高农残的检测精度,建立了油菜籽中苯磺隆(TBM)和甲磺隆(MSM)残留的液相色谱-三重串联四极杆质谱检测方法。该方法使用C_(18)反相色谱柱,流动相为乙腈-(0.1%甲酸)水溶液等度洗脱,并在电喷雾质谱选择反应监测(select reaction monitoring,SRM)模式下分离检测TBM和MSM。结果表明,该检测方法在超声温度为15℃,超声处理时间为3min时,提取效率最高。以标准加入外推法定量,油菜籽中TBM和MSM的加标回收率在89.0%~106.5%之间,日内和日间精密度分别小于4.3%和5.3%。     

固相萃取-气相色谱法测定香蕉中的有机磷农药

为建立固相萃取-气相色谱法测定香蕉中多种残留有机磷农药敌敌畏、乐果、毒死蜱、辛硫磷、丙溴磷的方法,采用氮磷检测器(NPD)气相色谱法对经无水丙酮提取、Na2SO4脱水、固相萃取净化、氮吹仪浓缩后,用丙酮定容的样品进行测定。结果显示,敌敌畏、乐果、毒死蜱、辛硫磷、丙溴磷的最低检出浓度分别为0.010、0.008、0.012、0.002、0.008 mg/kg,加标回收率在78.82%～101.5%,相对标准偏差为3.7%～6.2%。表明该方法线性良好,回收率、精密度好,灵敏度高,符合检测要求,可用于香蕉中多种残留有机磷农药的测定。     

奇楠沉香中2-(2-苯乙基)色酮的GC-MS分析鉴定

采用乙醚浸提法提取奇楠沉香样品,并应用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术分析测定其中的化学成分及相对含量,鉴定了11个化合物。同时采用柱色谱技术对该乙醚提取物进行分离纯化得到单体化合物1~6,其结构通过核磁共振等波谱技术鉴定为2-（2-苯乙基）色酮类化合物。通过质谱比对,将GC-MS分析中未能鉴定的5个含量较高的成分分别鉴定为化合物2~6。样品中2-（2-苯乙基）色酮类化合物的相对含量达到63.62％,表明奇楠沉香富含2-（2-苯乙基）色酮类化合物。探讨了2-（2-苯乙基）色酮类化合物的质谱裂解规律,有     

基质固相分散萃取-气相色谱法测定茶叶中多种有机磷农药残留

采用基质固相分散法（Matrix Solid Phase Disperse，MSPD）从茶叶中提取、净化14种常用有机磷农药残留，用配有火焰光度检测器的气相色谱定性和定量分析。通过对基质固相分散吸附剂、洗脱剂、净化材料的优化，建立了茶叶中14种有机磷农药残留分析的前处理方法。利用建立的方法进行加标回收实验，结果表明，平均回收率80．2％～105．6％，相对标准偏差小于10．3％，方法检出限0．005～0．02mg／kg。该方法的灵敏度、准确度和精密度均符合农药残留测定的技术要求。     

利用SSR分子标记研究白菜类亚种资源的遗传多样性

为研究几种白菜类亚种资源的演变过程,利用白菜SSR引物对94份白菜类亚种种质资源进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明,19对SSR引物扩增出137个条带,平均每对引物可扩增出7.16个;多态性位点百分率(P)、基因杂合度(He)、有效等位基因数(Ne)、Shannon-Wiener指数(H’)和多态信息含量(PIC)的均值分别为:99.9%、0.897、11.598、2.454、0.886,除P值外,4个指标间相关性极显著;94份白菜类亚种种质资源的UPGMA聚类结果表明:在遗传相似系数为0.58时实验材料分为3类,多数地方种菜心与小白菜亲缘关系更近。白菜SSR引物对大(小)白菜基因组具有较好的多态性、红菜苔次之、野生芥菜最低。     

苏丹草与栽培高粱群体生物学性状的相关和主成分分析

察和分析4个苏丹草品种和6个栽培高粱品种的64个生物学性状。利用性状间的相关关系和系统聚类结果,探讨了在田间种植环境条件下生物学性状的分类学意义;利用主成分分析法确定出6个主分量,其中主成分Ⅰ、Ⅱ在苏丹草和栽培高梁2类群演化过程中起着决定性作用,被称作苏丹草分化主因子和高粱分化主因子。以6个主成分的回归因子得分值对10个品种进行聚类分析,结果将苏丹草和栽培高粱划分成两大类。      

Synthesis,spectral characterization of azo dyes derived from calix[4]resorcinarene and their application in dyeing of fibers

Seven new upper rim functionalized azocalix[4]resorcinarene dyes have been synthesized by coupling calix[4]resorcinarene with different diazo compounds of p-chloroaniline, p-nitroaniline, p-toludine, p-anisidine, p-aminobenzoic acid, o-aminophenol, and aniline. The characterization of these dyes has been carried out by elemental analysis, FT-IR, ¹H- and ¹³C-NMR. Effect of solvents of varying dielectric constants on the absorption spectra of substituted and unsubstituted azocalix[4]resorcinarene dyes have been examined by UV-vis spectrophotometer. These azocalix[4]resorcinarene dyes have also been used for dyeing textile fibers like cotton, silk, and wool. Their dyeing and fastness properties have also been discussed.     

Synthesis of high performance phosphorine antioxidants and their application to mCOC

Cyclic olefin copolymers, mCOC, produced using a metallocene catalyst, have been developed since 1990. Besides their high cost and difficulty of processing, oxidation and degradation are one of the critical problems in commercializing high-T_g mCOC products. In this work, a series of mCOCs whose T_g values were 132 °C, 194 °C and 260 °C were synthesized successfully. Additionally, high-performance phosphorine antioxidants, 1,4-di[6-oxo-dibenz[c,e][1,2] oxaphosphorine] benzene (HPB) and 2,5-di-tert-butyl-1,4-di[6-oxo-dibenz[c,e][1,2] oxaphosphorine]benzene(HTPB) were synthesized. The oxidation induction time (OIT), the carbonyl index (CI) and the yellowness index (YI) were determined by DSC, FTIR and spectrophotometry, respectively. The results indicate that blending phosphorine antioxidants with hindered phenolic antioxidant, increases the OIT from 31.8 to 44.1 mins and causes the synergy to exceed 180 %. The CI variation showed that the embrittlement time could be increased from 100 hrs to over 450 hrs by thermal aging at 140 °C. Finally, the YI dropped from 29.3 to 9.2. Briefly, HTPB and HPB, successfully synthesized herein, exhibit a synergy with hindered phenolic agents in antioxidant performance for mCOC polymer.     

Synthesis and Antiproliferative Activity of Thiazolyl-bis-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridines and Indolyl-thiazolyl-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridines,Nortopsentin Analogues

Two new series of nortopsentin analogues, in which the imidazole ring of the natural product was replaced by thiazole and indole units were both substituted by 7-azaindole moieties or one indole unit was replaced by a 6-azaindole portion, were efficiently synthesized. Compounds belonging to both series inhibited the growth of HCT-116 colorectal cancer cells at low micromolar concentrations, whereas they did not affect the viability of normal-like intestinal cells. A compound of the former series induced apoptosis, evident as externalization of plasma membrane phosphatidylserine (PS), and changes of mitochondrial trans-membrane potential, while blocking the cell cycle in G2/M phase. In contrast, a derivative of the latter series elicited distinct responses in accordance with the dose. Thus, low concentrations (GI₃₀) induced morphological changes characteristic of autophagic death with massive formation of cytoplasmic acid vacuoles without apparent loss of nuclear material, and with arrest of cell cycle at the G1 phase, whereas higher concentrations (GI₇₀) induced apoptosis with arrest of cell cycle at the G1 phase.     

In Vitro Chemopreventive Potential of Phlorotannins-Rich Extract from Brown Algae by Inhibition of Benzo[a]pyrene-Induced P2X7 Activation and Toxic Effects

Phlorotannins are polyphenols occurring exclusively in some species of brown algae, known for numerous biological activities, e.g., antioxidant, antiproliferative, antidiabetic, and antiallergic properties. Their effects on the response of human lung cells to benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) has not been characterized. Our objective was to in vitro evaluate the effects of a phlorotannin-rich extract obtained from the brown algae Ascophyllum nodosum and Fucus vesiculosus on B[a]P cytotoxic effects. The A549 cell line was incubated with B[a]P for 48 and 72 h in the presence or absence of the brown algae extract. Cytochrome P450 activity, activation of P2X7 receptor, F-actin disorganization, and loss of E-cadherin expression were assessed using microplate cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Relative to control, incubation with the brown algae extract was associated with lower B[a]P-induced CYP1 activity, lower P2X7 receptor activation, and lower reactive oxygen species production. The brown algae extract inhibited the alterations of F-actin arrangement and the downregulation of E-cadherin expression. We identified a phlorotannins-rich extract that could be deeper investigated as a cancer chemopreventive agent to block B[a]P-mediated carcinogenesis.     

Lyophilization Serves as an Effective Strategy for Drug Development of the α9α10 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Antagonist α-Conotoxin GeXIVA[1,2]

α-Conotoxin GeXIVA[1,2] is a highly potent and selective antagonist of the α9α10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtype. It has the advantages of strong efficacy, no tolerance, and no effect on motor function, which has been expected help patients with neuropathic pain. However, drug development for clinical use is severely limited owing to its instability. Lyophilization is applied as the most preferred method to solve this problem. The prepared lyophilized powder is characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powder X-ray diffractometry (PXRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Molecular simulation is also used to explore the internal distribution and forces formed in the system. The analgesic effect on paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain following single and 14-day repeated administrations are evaluated by the von Frey test and the tail-flick test. Trehalose combined with mannitol in a ratio of 1:1 is employed as the excipients in the determined formulation, where trehalose acts as the stabilizer and mannitol acts as the bulking agent, according to the results of DSC, PXRD, and FTIR. Both GeXIVA[1,2] (API) and GeXIVA[1,2] lyophilized powder (formulation) could produce stable analgesic effect. These results indicated that GeXIVA[1,2] lyophilized powder could improve the stability and provide an effective strategy to push it into clinical use as a new analgesic drug.     

3-[4-(1H-Indol-3-yl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridines,Nortopsentin Analogues with Antiproliferative Activity

A new series of nortopsentin analogues, in which the imidazole ring of the natural product was replaced by thiazole and the indole unit bound to position 2 of the thiazole ring was substituted by a 7-azaindole moiety, was efficiently synthesized. Two of the new nortopsentin analogues showed good antiproliferative effect against the totality of the NCI full panel of human tumor cell lines (~60) having GI₅₀ values ranging from low micromolar to nanomolar level. The mechanism of the antiproliferative effect of these derivatives, investigated on human hepatoma HepG2 cells, was pro-apoptotic, being associated with externalization of plasma membrane phosphatidylserine and mitochondrial dysfunction. Moreover, the compounds induced a concentration-dependent accumulation of cells in the subG0/G1phase, while confined viable cells in G2/M phase.     

Structure of the 4-O-[1-Carboxyethyl]-d-Mannose-Containing O-Specific Polysaccharide of a Halophilic Bacterium Salinivibrio sp. EG9S8QL

The moderately halophilic strain Salinivibrio sp. EG9S8QL was isolated among 11 halophilic strains from saline mud (Emisal Salt Company, Lake Qarun, Fayoum, Egypt). The lipopolysaccharide was extracted from dried cells of Salinivibrio sp. EG9S8QL by the phenol–water procedure. The OPS was obtained by mild acid hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharide and was studied by sugar analysis along with ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy, including ¹H,¹H COSY, TOCSY, ROESY, ¹H,¹³C HSQC, and HMBC experiments. The OPS was found to be composed of linear tetrasaccharide repeating units of the following structure: →2)-β-Manp4Lac-(1→3)-α-ManpNAc-(1→3)-β-Rhap-(1→4)-α-GlcpNAc-(1→, where Manp4Lac is 4-O-[1-carboxyethyl]mannose.