辽宁省个木虱科四新种

报道了辽宁省个木虱科四新种：南蛇藤个木虱Ｔｒｉｏｚａ ｃｅｌａｓｔｒａｅ，鼠李个木虱Ｔ．ｒｈａｍｎｉｓｕｇａ，糠椴线角木虱Ｅｕｂａｃｔｅｒｉｃｅｒａ ｔｉｌｉａｅ，曲茎线角木虱Ｅｕ．ｃｕｒｖａｔａ。     

辽宁省木虱种类的调查研究

本文报道了在辽宁地区发生的木虱种类，共５科、１６属、５０种．其中已定新种的有１２种，分别为山楂喀木虱、白绢梅喀木虱、鼠李喀木虱、月斑喀木虱、波突喀木虱、辽宁喀木虱、曲茎线角木虱、糠椴线角木虱、南蛇藤个木虱、鼠李个木虱、白桦肖个木虱、五加肖个木虱．模式标本保存于北京农业大学昆虫标本馆．     

中国木虱跳小蜂属二新种（膜翅目∶跳小蜂科）

本文报道采自陕西和浙江的跳小蜂二新种，即寄生梧桐木虱Ｔｈｙｓａｎｏｇｙｎａ ｌｉｍｂａｔａ的长索木虱跳小蜂Ｐｓｙｌｌｅａｐｈａｇｕｓ ｌｏｎｇｉｆｕｍｉｃｕｌｕｓ Ｘｕ，Ｓｐ．ｎ．和寄生朴木虱Ｐａｃｈｙｐｓｙｌｌａ ｃｅｌｔｉｄｉｓｇｅｍｍａ的阔柄木虱跳小蜂Ｐｓｙｌｌａｅｐｈａｇｕｓ ｌａｔｉｓｃａｐｕｓ Ｘｕ，ｓｐ．ｎ．。对新种进行详描述。本文也是木虱跳小蜂属Ｐｓｙｌｌａｅｐｈａｇｕｓ Ａｓｈｍｅａｄ在我国分布的首次记录。     

吉林毛个木虱研究初报

吉林毛个木虱研究初报常忠平，孙力华，李燕杰（辽宁省林业学校１１０１０１）吉林毛个木虱（ＴｒｉｃｈｏｃｈｅｒｍｅｓｊｉｌｉｎａｎｓＹａｎｌｇｅｔＬｉ．）是木虱一个新种，其生物学特性及防治研究尚属空白。我们干１９８９～１９９２年作了详细观察研究，现将研究...     

山楂喀木虱综合防治技术

山楂喀木虱（ＣａｃｏｐｓｙｌａｉｄｉｏｃｒａｔａｅｇｉＬｉ）为喀木虱属一新种（李法圣，１９９０），主要为害山里红和山楂，以若虫、成虫吸食寄主芽、嫩梢、叶片的汁液。春季多在嫩梢、叶柄基部、芽苞为害，以后多在叶背为害。受害叶片产生褐色枯斑，使叶、花早落，...     

五加肖个木虱研究初报

五加肖个木虱Tｒｉｏｚｉｄｕｓ ａｃａｎｔｈｏｐａｎａｉｃｉｓ Lｉ是危害短梗五技覣ｃａｎｔｈｏｐａｎａｘ ｂｒａｃｈｙｐｕｓ Ｍｉｑ的专食性害虫。该虫在辽宁地乔蹦攴⑸泊猿沙嬖蕉＃丛孪卵疾钩溆翟律涎慌洳眩：ζ诿看续５０～７０天，用４０％氧化乐果乳油－１０００倍防治，效果最佳。     

浙江朴盾木虱生活史和习性初步观察

浙江朴盾木虱生活史和习性初步观察＊耿以龙徐和光（青岛市林业局，青岛２６６００２）浙江朴盾木虱ＣｅｌｔｉｓａｓｐｉｓＺｈｅｊｉａｎｇａｎａＹａｎｇｅｔＬｉ属同翅目、木虱科，为单食性害虫，仅为害朴树。该虫分布于浙江、山东（青岛）等地。由于该虫危害，朴树叶...     

中国害竹飞虱二新种记述(同翅目:蜡蝉总科)

本文记述采自我国西南地区竹子上的飞虱科昆虫２新种;翅斑竹飞虱Ｂａｍｂｕｓｉｐｈａｇａ ｍａｃｕｌａｔａ Ｃｈｅｎ ｅｔ Ｌｉ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和江津短头飞虱Ｅｐｅｕｒｙｓａ ｊｉａｎｇｊｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ Ｃｈｅｎ ｅｔ Ｃｈｉａｎｇ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,与近似种进行区别,附主要特征图。该２新种以刺吸汁液和产卵等方式危害竹子,危害较为严重。模式标本保存在贵州大学昆虫研究所。     

三种杀虫剂对橄榄星室木虱的控制作用

应用生命表方法分析吡虫啉、木虱净、稻虱净3种化学农药对橄榄星室木虱的控制效果。结果表明：吡虫啉、木虱净、稻虱净和对照的种群趋势指数分别为0．4148，0．8328，4．9908，6．3925。说明吡虫啉和木虱净处理区的橄榄星室木虱种群数量呈下降趋势，稻虱净和对照区的橄榄星室木虱种群数量以4．9908和6．3925倍的速度增长；吡虫啉、木虱净和稻虱净的干扰作用控制指数分别为0．0649，0．1303和0．7807。表明吡虫啉和木虱净施用区种群数量相当于对照区的6．49％和13．03％，取得了很好的防治效果；稻虱净施用区种群数量是对照的78．07％，不是防治橄榄星室木虱的理想药剂。     

沙棘个木虱属地位的讨论及新亚属和七新种——Ⅰ(同翅目:木虱总科)

本文描述了沙棘个木虱属一新亚属及7新种,并对沙棘个木虱位置进行了讨论。     

Browsing Damage on Pine (Pinus sylvestris and P. contorta) by a migrating moose (Alces alces) Population in Winter: Relation to Habitat Composition and Road Barriers

In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads.     

Effects of Root Freezing on the Physiology and Growth of Picea glauca,Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana Seedlings Under Different Soil Moisture Regimes

The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage.     

Stand Structure in Pine,Spruce and Deciduous Forests: A Comparison Between Finnish and Russian Karelia

This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland.     

Growth and Terminal Bud Formation in Picea abies Seedlings Grown with Alternating Diurnal Temperature and Different Light Qualities

The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions.     

CAD与建筑设计的关系

本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。     

Natural Regeneration in Clear-cuts: Effects of Scarification,Slash Removal and Clear-cut Age

The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided.     

Risk Perception Among Non-industrial Private Forest Owners

Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken.     

Interactions in decomposition and N mineralization between tropical legume residue components

In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts (stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea, largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols. Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its components are mixed.     

Pasture production and tree growth in a young pine plantation fertilized with inorganic fertilizers and milk sewage in northwestern Spain

The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization, (2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha⁻¹ target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha⁻¹. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea (Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m², with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral systems. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.