火炬松种源建筑材抗弯性质的变异及与树龄、晚材率、木材密度的关系

福建南屿15年生火炬松31个种源间木材抗弯弹性模量(MOE)的群体平均值为6 702.6 MPa,变化范围为5 042.5～8 610.2 MPa;抗弯强度(MOR)群体平均数为99.11MPa,变化幅度为77.32～119.79 MPa.种源间木材抗弯弹性模量(MOE)、抗弯强度(MOR)存在显著差异,二者广义遗传力大于0.441、0.422,方差分析中遗传方差分量在43.07%～60.79%范围内,环境方差分量范围为39.21%～56.93%,说明MOE、MOR除在遗传上受中等程度控制外,还显著受到环境条件影响.种源内MOE、MOR变异系数远大于种源间变异,说明火炬松材质改良在种源选择的基础上进行个体改良效果较好.树龄、晚材率和木材密度与MOE、MOR在0.01水平上呈显著正相关,木材基本密度估测MOE、MOR优于晚材率.火炬松种源木材MOE、MOR值与引种栽培地点有关.南屿靠近海岸线,并且纬度低于所有种源原产地纬度.火炬松种源原产地地理气象因子中,纬度对木材抗弯性能没有影响,经度与MOE、MOR呈较大的负相关,经度对抗弯性能的影响最大,6-9月降水/年降水次之,其他因素影响不显著.     

温度对意杨木材弯曲性能的影响

本文讨论了在60～180℃的温度范围内，老杨素材、防火材和他水材的抗育强度（MOR）、抗弯弹性模量（MOE）、静曲破坏功和韧性系数（Zb）随温度的变化规律。结果表明，三种试材的抗弯曲性能均是MOE素材＞MOE防火材＞MOE饱水材；MOR素材＞MOR防火材＞MOR饱水材。素材的静曲破坏功随温度的增加呈明显下降趋势。她水材的Zb值变化较大。     

酸、碱硅溶胶改性木材的制备与性能研究

采用酸、碱性硅溶胶分别浸渍处理杨木,并测试未改性和改性材的微观结构、弯曲性能以及热降解性能。结果显示:硅溶胶可有效渗入并填充在改性木材的孔隙结构中;酸性硅溶胶改性材的抗弯性能增加,碱性硅溶胶改性材仅MOR增加,MOE则基本不变;改性材热降解残重增加,炭化温度降低,表观活化能提高,起到了阻燃效果。     

低毒防腐剂百菌清及铜制剂对木材尺寸稳定及力学性能的影响

百菌清（CTL）、氨浴季铵铜（ACQ）、氨溶柠檬酸铜（ACC）处理马尾松（Pinus massoniana)、毛白杨（Populus tomentosa)后对木材尺寸稳定性及MOE／MOR的影响本文进行了研究。结果表明，除剂量11．48kg/m^3的百菌清处理的毛白杨外，以上防腐剂处理试材后吸水至饱和时的尺寸稳定性与对照相比有不同程度的增加，幅度为3．9％－28．05；各处理对抗弯弹性模量（MOE）影响幅度不大，其中对于马尾松，MOE差异不明显，对于毛白杨，各处理对MOE稍有增加（百菌清乳剂处理除外），幅度6．3％－8．1之间。各制剂处理马尾松、毛白杨后对抗弯强度（MOR）影响不明显。     

热压工艺对密实型杉木单板层积材力学性能的影响

以自制低分子量酚醛树脂为胶黏剂,采用热压工艺对杉木单板进行密实化试验,研究干燥温度、压缩率、热压温度和热压时间对密实型杉木单板层积材力学性能的影响.结果表明:压缩率对层积材力学性能影响最大,其次是干燥温度、热压温度和热压时间;随着压缩率和热压温度的提高,板材的MOE、MOR都有不同程度的提高;随着干燥温度的提升和热压时间的延长,板材的MOE、MOR都呈先增大后减小的趋势;综合考虑,确定密实型杉木单板层积材的最佳热压工艺为:干燥温度60℃、压缩率35％、热压温度145℃、热压时间1.0 min/mm,在此热压工艺条件下制得的板材,其MOE和MOR分别达到了GB/T 20241-2006《单板层积材》120E级和180E优级.     

糠醇化对橡胶木性质的影响

以平衡含水率(EMC)和线性湿涨系数(LSC)为评价指标,研究了不同质量增加率(WPG)的糠醇改性对橡胶木吸湿尺寸稳定性的影响,并从尺寸稳定性角度探讨糠醇改性的临界WPG;还分析了糠醇改性对抗弯强度(MOR)和抗弯弹性模量(MOE)的影响,并探讨了减量平衡含水率(EMCR)衡量浸渍改性材吸湿性的可行性.结果表明:糠醇化可以显著降低橡胶木的EMC和LSC,EMC受WPG的影响明显,LSC随着WPG的增加而显著下降,基于LSC和胞壁充涨系数推导的临界WPG两者之间存在较大误差;改性材的MOE随WPG提高而增加,增幅约在30％ ～40％,但MOR却略有下降;与基于浸渍材绝干质量的EMC相比,基于浸渍前绝干质量的EMCR能更客观地评价浸渍改性后木材的吸湿能力,可用于吸湿性的研究中,但鉴于用户和第三方检测不方便,不推荐其作为改性产品的评价指标.     

杉木浸渍改性材的尺寸稳定性研究

利用聚乙烯醇缩甲醛改性剂对杉木木材进行浸溃改性，对其改性材的尺寸稳定性进行研究。结果表明：改性材的弦向、径向和体积干缩率与素材相比均有不同程度的下降；改性材的弦向、径向和体积湿胀率与素材相比也均有不同程度的下降，但当改性剂浓度超过20％时，下降才较明显；改性材吸水率随改性剂浓度的上升而下降，最大可由改性前的197％下降到改性后的155％；改性材的抗干缩系数（ASE）随改性剂浓度上升而增加，最大可达18．8％。杉木改性材的尺寸稳定性能要明显优于素材。     

处理时间对热改性橡胶木物理力学性能的影响

采用过热蒸汽作为传热介质和保护气体热改性橡胶木,分别于185℃条件下热改性处理2、3、4、5h,于200℃热改性处理1、2、3、4h,主要分析了处理时间对橡胶木热改性材物理力学性能的影响。结果表明:在200℃条件下,处理时间对质量损失率、颜色的影响均较185℃更显著。在两个温度条件下,处理时间对MOE的影响均不显著。在185℃温度条件下,MOR从3h开始即无显著变化;在200℃温度条件下,MOR在前3h内无显著变化,第4h开始显著降低。     

人工林杉木木材力学性质对高温热处理条件变化的响应

以人工林杉木为试材,分别用空气和菜子油为介质,在温度为180,200和220 ℃对其分别热处理1,3和5 h,研究试材的抗弯强度(MOR)、抗弯弹性模量(MOE)、顺纹抗压强度、表面硬度对高温热处理条件变化的响应,同时对处理材的主要化学成分进行分析,用扫描电镜对处理材横切面微观结构进行观察.结果表明:人工林杉木试材的4种主要力学性质对不同条件热处理的响应程度不同.无论是空气热处理还是油热处理,试材的MOR,MOE,顺纹抗压强度与对照比有不同程度的降低,且随处理温度升高、时间延长,下降幅度增大,相比于时间,温度的影响更显著;180 ℃热处理1,3和5 h时,试材的MOR,MOE与对照比未发生明显变化(降幅在3%以内),而顺纹抗压强度则明显低于对照,两介质中降低幅度分别在3.29%～9.58%和3.89%～7.18%;200 ℃以上处理时,不同时间处理的3种主要力学性质不仅显著或极显著低于对照,且各性质问的差异也达显著或极显著水平;对硬度的测试结果表明:180 ℃热处理时,试件的径面硬度和弦面硬度均随时间的延长而增大;200 ℃热处理3 h时,试件的硬度达最大,与对照差异达显著水平;随后热处理试件的硬度开始降低,220 ℃热处理5 h后试件的硬度又明显低于对照.在隔氧的油介质中进行热处理,4种主要力学性质的变化程度低于空气介质处理材,当温度高于200 ℃时,两介质处理间的差异达显著水平.而热处理过程中木材主要化学组成与横切面微观结构变化的差异,反映了4种主要力学性质对不同条件热处理时表现出的响应差异.     

壳聚糖处理木材表面的材色变化及对表面加工的影响

壳聚糖是一种无毒害且可再生的天然讷发子材料，可用于木才表面改性处理。本文通过对杉木边材、心材和毛白杨边材表面涂饰不同浓度的壳聚糖乙酸溶液，测定分析处理前后的木才材色变化。结果表明：不同深度壳聚糖处理木材表面，处理产后总体色差随深度的升高而增加，其它色度学参数略有变化；壳聚糖处理木材表面的最佳深度是２．０％，处理后对木才表面的进一步着色或涂饰无大影响。     

酚醛树脂处理杨木、杉木尺寸稳定性分析

采用酚醛树脂浸渍处理人工林杨木、杉木,然后通过热压定型工艺制得表面密实化木材。对其尺寸稳定性的分析结果表明:处理试材的增重率、抗胀率和阻湿率随树脂浓度的增加而成比例增大,弦向和径向干缩率明显降低,在树脂浓度较低时变化较大,当达到一定量时变化趋于稳定。就压缩变形恢复率而言,当树脂浓度超过10%,压缩变形恢复率很小,说明表面密实化木材的压缩变形几乎被固定。     

预压缩处理施胶技术提高杨木重组木尺寸稳定性的研究

高性能重组木制造技术可将速生材制造成具有高强度和天然木材纹理结构的新型木材,从而提高速生材的附加值.然而,采用此技术制备的重组木虽然尺寸稳定性显著高于传统工艺制备的重组木,但是仍不能满足室外用材的需求.为提高室外用重组木的尺寸稳定性,采用预压缩处理施胶技术对木单板施胶后制备高性能重组木,通过扫描电镜、压汞仪、激光共聚焦...     

Factors of affecting the spring back of compressed Paulownia wood

In order to increase its hardness and gravity as well as dimension stability, the technology of hotcompressing on Paulownia wood was studied. The main factors of affecting the spring back of the compressed Paulownia samples were discussed. It was discovered that every factor in the experiment had obvious effects on wood hardness and dimension stability of compressed wood. When the MC (Moisture Content) of experimental specimens was 13.89%, it was useful to spray water on the surface of samples before hot pressing. The best resuit was the recovery of compression set could decrease from 90.69% of untreated wood to 45.51% of soaking specimens into PF (Phenol Formaldehyde) water solution. The hot pressing time was 8 min at 190 ℃.     

Performance of three-layer composites with densified surface layers of Nothofagus pumilio and N. antarctica from Southern Patagonian forests

Nothofagus pumilio and N. antarctica forests of Southern Patagonia, Argentina are currently being managed for production of saw logs with fast growing conditions. The result of these management strategies is faster growing forests, but also an increase in the percentage of low-density wood. The motivation for this study was to find a way to valorise this low-density wood. Surface and bulk densification treatments were applied these wood species and were then applied as face layers in three-layer composites. The mechanical properties of three-layer composites were studied. The modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, and modulus of hardness were improved compared to many types of structural composite lumber. This increase in mechanical properties of N. pumilio and N. antarctica wood opens the possibility for its use in structural composites and added value to these otherwise underutilised and undervalued species.     

Compression of wood under saturated steam, superheated steam, and transient conditions at 150°C, 160°C, and 170°C

In this paper, the compressive deformation of hybrid poplar wood (Populus deltoides?×?Populus trichocarpa) at high temperature (150, 160, and 170°C) and under various conditions of steam pressure was studied. Temperature and conditions of steam environment affected the relative density change and creep deformation during compression, as well as properties of the resulting densified material. While the temperature significantly affected the compression deformation of specimens compressed under transient and superheated steam conditions, temperature within the range studied had little effect on the compressive deformation in saturated steam. In all tested conditions, compression deformation was achieved without cell wall fractures. Higher temperature of compression, regardless of steam condition, resulted in lower equilibrium moisture content. In specimens compressed under saturated steam, the modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) were increased proportionally to the increase in density, while the compression under superheated steam produced lower increase in the MOE and MOR than expected based on the increase in density. Compression in transient steam conditions at 170°C produced densified wood with higher MOE and MOR than expected based on the increase in density.     

乙酰化木材用作家具材料的性能分析

为改善杨木、樟子松等人工速生林木材的材质松软等缺陷,对其进行乙酰化处理,并进行性能检测分析。结果表明:经过乙酰化处理后,木材的热塑性提高,尺寸稳定性增强,漆膜附着力无显著变化,但胶合强度有所下降。建议对乙酰化木材进一步进行压缩处理,以提升其密度和表面硬度等性能,满足家具,特别是厨卫家具用材料的要求。     

基于纳米压痕技术的木材胶合界面力学行为

【目的】研究木材胶合界面的静态和动态力学行为,探讨树脂渗透对木材管胞壁层力学性能的影响,为木质复合材料制造工艺优化和增强改性提供理论依据。【方法】采用纳米压痕静态和动态力学测试技术(Nano-DMA),对针叶材火炬松与酚醛树脂(PF)、脲醛树脂(UF)胶黏剂所形成胶合界面区域各相材料的静态弹性模量、硬度、蠕变性能以及储能模量和损耗模量等力学行为进行分析。【结果】静态力学行为方面,在界面区域,PF和UF渗透进入管胞壁层后,木材管胞壁的弹性模量( E r)和硬度( H )提高;经PF渗透后,木材管胞壁的 E r和 H 分别增加7%和26%;Burgers蠕变力学模型可有效描述胶合界面区域管胞壁的纳米压痕蠕变特性,经树脂渗透后,木材管胞壁的瞬时弹性模量增加,黏弹性模量和黏性系数减小;在保载初期,PF界面区域木材管胞壁的蠕变柔量约下降60%,UF界面区域木材管胞壁的蠕变柔量约下降58%。动态力学行为方面,随着加载频率增加,界面材料的储能模量( E ′ r)逐渐增大,而损耗模量( E ″ r)和损耗因子(tan δ)呈减小趋势;当加载频率为10 Hz时,PF和UF树脂渗透使得管胞壁层的储能模量分别增加16%和29%。【结论】胶合界面区域胶黏剂进入管胞壁层,对木材管胞的静态力学性能具有增强作用,同时胶黏剂可提高管胞壁的短期抗蠕变能力;木材管胞壁具有较高的储能模量和损耗模量,而树脂的储能模量和损耗模量较低,经树脂渗透后,木材管胞壁的储能模量增加,但损耗模量和损耗因子呈下降趋势,可能对界面传递和分散应力产生不利影响。     

天然有机物对速生杉木的改性研究

采用天然有机物对速生杉木进行改性处理,经过改性处理的杉木的力学性能有很大提高。随着增重率的增大,处理材的各项力学性能均有较大提高。当增重率超过50%,处理材的表面硬度、顺纹抗压强度、抗弯强度和抗弯弹性模量提高将近1倍,表面耐磨耗性提高了3倍。这使杉木在力学性能上满足了木地板和家具面板制造的要求。     

Property gradients in oil palm trunk (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Elaeis guineensis</Emphasis>)

Since the structure of oil palm wood varies dramatically, the property gradients of oil palm wood within a trunk are of great interest. In this study, the physical (density, water uptake and swelling in the radial direction) and mechanical properties (bending modulus of elasticity and strength, compressive modulus of elasticity and strength in the direction parallel to the fiber, compressive strength in the direction perpendicular to the fiber and shear strength in the direction parallel to the fiber) of oil palm wood for a whole trunk were examined. The water uptake, compressive strength in the direction perpendicular to the fiber, shear strength in the direction parallel to the fiber, bending modulus of elasticity and strength and compressive modulus of elasticity and strength in the direction parallel to the fiber appeared to be independent of trunk height but tended to be related to the relative distance from surface or density by a single master curve. However, the swelling in the radial direction of the oil palm wood was not correlated with the relative distance from the surface, trunk height or density. Finally, property map of oil palm wood for a cross section at any height was prepared for practical use.     

Quantitative Analysis on Measure Results by Resistograh for Wood Decay of Ancient Architecture

INTRODUCTION The main body of ancient architecture is wood construction in China, and the main bearing components of the buildings usually use timber, such as pillar, beam, purlin, crossbeam and rafter. Timber is a kind of biomaterial and will be damaged by fungal attack or insects after long time use, which will cause wood frames destroyed ultimately. Timber decay not only exists in its surface, but also usually begins with the inner of wood. It is therefore imperative to consider using …