红菇子实体多糖抑菌活性研究

以红菇子实体为原料,采用超声波方法提取水溶性多糖,从中分离纯化了3个组分(R1、R2、R3),研究其对多种敏感菌的抑菌活性。结果表明:组分R1具有明显的抑菌活性,能够抑制细菌,其中对革兰氏阴性菌抑菌活性强于革兰氏阳性菌,对酵母和霉菌无抑制效果;而R2无抑菌活性,R3抑菌活性弱。组分R1对各供试菌株的最小抑制质量浓度分别为金黄色葡萄球菌2.5mg·mL-1,藤黄微球菌10mg·mL-1,蜡样芽孢杆菌5mg·mL-1,枯草芽孢杆菌10mg·mL-1,大肠杆菌1.0mg·mL-1,铜绿假单胞菌1.25mg·mL-1,痢疾志贺氏菌1.25mg·mL-1;具有较好的耐热性和较宽的pH适用范围,在80℃处理30min和pH6~10都能维持很好的抑菌活性;其抑菌作用方式是杀菌,对菌体无溶菌作用。     

松萝属地衣植物的研究进展

综述了松萝属地衣植物生物学特性、化学成分和生物活性的研究进展,其化学成分主要为地衣酸和地衣多糖,地衣酸类物质具有很强的抗菌、抗辐射、抗氧化、抗肿瘤和抗病毒等作用,地衣多糖具有提高免疫力、抗氧化、抗肿瘤和抗病毒等作用。     

肉桂和同源根皮不同极性部位的成分分析及其抑菌效果

以肉桂及其同源根皮为原料,采用80%乙醇分别对两者进行回流提取,经系统溶剂法萃取得到两者的石油醚部位、乙酸乙酯部位、正丁醇部位和水部位,并采用滤纸片法研究各极性部位对常见的3种致病菌(金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌)的抑菌活性。研究结果表明:相同质量的肉桂和根皮提取得到的各极性部位的质量、成分种类及含量均有所差异,其中石油醚部位所含成分大致相同,但主要成分反式肉桂醛、邻甲氧基肉桂醛含量差异较大;两者乙酸乙酯部位、正丁醇部位和水部位分别含有黄酮类,皂苷类和多糖类成分;此外根皮乙酸乙酯部位还含有邻甲氧基肉桂醛、乙酸肉桂酯,根皮水部位含有D-半乳糖。肉桂石油醚部位、根皮石油醚部位、根皮乙酸乙酯部位对3种菌均有一定的抑制作用,当这3个部位的质量浓度均为500 g/L时,对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌的抑菌圈直径分别大于(17.62±0.22)、(25.21±2.09)和(12.82±0.30)mm,肉桂乙酸乙酯部位抑菌作用较弱,肉桂和根皮正丁醇部位和水部位对3种供试菌种均无抑制作用。     

白骨壤酸性多糖的分离纯化及抗补体活性研究

采用热水浸提,乙醇沉淀,超滤,三氯乙酸脱蛋白,DEAE-纤维素柱层析脱色,再经DE-AE-Sepharosefastflow和SephacrylS-400层析,从白骨壤树枝分离纯化得到多糖化合物HAM-3-Ⅱb-Ⅱ,经高效凝胶过滤色谱法和比旋光度测定法鉴定为均一性组分,其重均相对分子质量(Mw)为105200,比旋光度为 27.54°。糖组成分析表明它为酸性杂多糖,主要由半乳糖醛酸、阿拉伯糖、半乳糖和鼠李糖组成。紫外光谱表明其不含核酸和蛋白质等杂质成分;红外光谱证实它是一种酸性果胶类多糖,以α型差向异构为主;补体结合实验表明,该多糖通过经典途径和替代途径共同作用产生显著的抗补体活性,并呈一定的剂量效应关系。     

不同茶类特征成分抗氧化特性研究进展

简述近年关于绿茶、红茶、乌龙茶、普洱茶主要茶类特征成分抗氧化特性的研究进展,比较分析其异同点,讨论了有待进一步研究的内容,为开发茶类天然抗氧化剂的研究提供一定的参考。     

罗望子多糖模板法制备纳米硒

以罗望子多糖为模板,通过亚硒酸和抗坏血酸反应制备纳米硒,探讨反应时间、反应物浓度、温度等条件对产物粒度的大小、形貌的影响,并采用光谱法、扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)等手段对产物进行表征.结果表明:当反应体系中亚硒酸和抗坏血酸的物质的量比为2:1,罗望子多糖质量分数为0.02%,60℃下温浴4 h时得到红色的...     

雷蘑胞外多糖抗肿瘤活性研究

从雷蘑AS 5.105深层发酵的滤液中分离得到胞外粗多糖CGP,以KM系S180荷瘤小白鼠为实验模型,用免疫器官重量法,进行高、中、低剂量CGP的腹腔注射实验。结果表明,CGP具有较高的抑瘤活性,并与剂量呈显著相关性;高剂量组与对照组相比较,小白鼠胸腺指数和脾脏指数均有显著增加,P<0.05;与低剂量组相比较,脾脏指数有显著增加,P<0.05。表明CGP能明显提高小白鼠的免疫功能。     

复合抑制剂对核桃青皮多酚氧化酶活性的影响

为给核桃采摘、生产及加工中褐变现象的抑制提供理论参考依据,从核桃青皮中提取多酚氧化酶(PPO),采用光谱法研究了不同抑制剂及其复合物对其PPO活性的影响情况。单因素试验结果显示:不同抑制剂对核桃青皮PPO酶活性的影响差异明显,亚硫酸钠(Na_2SO_3)、氯化钠(Na Cl)、L-半胱氨酸(L-Cys)、芦丁对核桃青皮PPO活性的最适抑制浓度分别为0.3、0.6、0.3、0.3 mol/L,其中,L-Cys对其PPO活性的抑制效果最为显著。正交试验结果表明:以0.4 mol/L的Na_2SO_3、0.5 mol/L的Na Cl、0.2 mol/L的L-Cys和0.8 mol/L的芦丁配制的复合液对其PPO活性的抑制效果最好。文中综合分析认为,核桃青皮PPO是引起其酶促褐变的主要影响因素,在核桃采摘、生产及加工中可通过添加L-Cys或多种抑制剂的复合物来抑制其PPO活性。     

我国主要植物多糖胶资源组成比较研究

研究了胡芦巴、皂荚、野皂荚与塔拉种子组分和多糖胶性质。种子胚乳质量分数分别为33．1％、37．8％、41．3％和30．5％；种子胚乳中聚糖质量分数分别为74．6％、68．6％、63．0％和78．0％；多糖结构与瓜尔多糖类似，均为半乳甘露聚糖，多糖差示扫描量热分析（DSC）图谱对应的热裂解峰温分别为325．5、314．8、309．6和313．6℃，热裂解吸热量分别为88．6、114．4、71．6和84．1J／g。质量分数1％的各种胶液黏度中皂荚多糖胶的表观黏度值最高（274mPa·s）；胡芦巴多糖胶水不溶物质量分数最低（8．5％）。多糖胶与硼离子形成的冻胶，其黏度因多糖胶品种而异，其中质量分数1％的胡芦巴冻胶黏度最高，其值为5940Pa·s。     

Phenylpropanoids of Alpinia galanga as efflux pump inhibitors in Mycobacterium smegmatis mc(2) 155

The first and second line drugs used for the treatment of tuberculosis are now becoming ineffective due to emergence of resistant strains. Efflux pump provokes resistance in mycobacterium and hence could be explored as a new target for the discovery of anti-TB agents. In search of efflux pump inhibitors, MIC and modulation factor of phenylpropanoids isolated from A. galanga rhizome were determined prior to the accumulation and efflux assay. Phenylpropanoid compounds viz. 1'-S-1'-Acetoxychavicol acetate, trans-p-coumaryl diacetate and 1'-S-1'-acetoxyeugenol acetate were found to be potent modulators and decreased the MIC of ethidium bromide by 64 fold at the concentration of 2.5, 6.25 and 5.0mg/L respectively. 1'-S-1'-Acetoxyeugenol acetate enhanced the accumulation and inhibited the efflux of EtBr in Mycobacterium smegmatis mc(2) 155 cells.     

Alkaloids derived from genus Veratrum and Peganum of Mongolian origin as multidrug resistance inhibitors of cancer cells

Alkaloids comprise one of the largest groups of plant secondary metabolites including vinca alkaloids. The ability of six alkaloids from Veratrum lobelianum, one from Veratrum nigrum and three from Peganum nigellastrum to modify transport activity of MDR1 was studied. Flow-cytometry in a multidrug-resistant human MDR1-gene-transfected mouse lymphoma cells (L5178Y) was applied. The inhibition of multidrug resistance was investigated by measuring the accumulation of rhodamine-123 in cancer cells.Veralosinine and veranigrine were the most effective resistance modifiers. In a checkerboard method veralosinine and veranigrine enhanced the antiproliferative effects of doxorubicin on MDR cells in combination. The structure-activity relationships were discussed.     

Comparison of chitosans with different molecular weights as possible wood preservatives

Fungi cause serious problems in wood utilization, and environmentally benign wood protection is required as an alternative to traditional chemicals. Chitosan has shown promising antimicrobial properties against several microorganisms. In this study, we present the characterization of and antifungal properties of a commercial chitosan formulation developed for impregnation of wood. A broad range of chemical and mycological methods were used to evaluate the uptake, fixation, and antifungal properties of chitosan for wood preservation. The results show that the higher the uptake of chitosan the lower the relative recovery of chitosan in wood after leaching, and the higher the molecular weight of chitosan the higher the recovery. Chitosan with high molecular weight proved to be more efficient against decay fungi than chitosan with low molecular weight. The fungi tested on chitosan-amended nutrient agar medium were totally inhibited at 1% (w/v) concentration. In decay studies using small wood blocks, 4.8% (w/v) chitosan concentration gave the best protection against brown rot fungi.     

Changes in soil P chemistry as affected by conversion of natural secondary forests to larch plantations

To assess the impact of conversion of native forests to monocultural larch plantations on soil chemical properties, we compared the total and various fractions of soil phosphorus (P) and acid phosphatase activity (APA) between natural secondary forests (NSF) and Larix olgensis plantations (LOP) on a montane forest site in eastern Liaoning Province, Northeast China. We found that the concentrations of total P (TP), inorganic P, and iron-bound P (Fe-P) were significantly higher, and the concentrations of microbial biomass P (MBP), sodium bicarbonate-extractable organic P (NaHCO₃-Po), and APA were significantly lower, in the LOP stands than in the NSF stands; whilst organic P, sodium bicarbonate-extractable inorganic P (NaHCO₃-Pi), aluminum-bound P (Al-P) and calcium-bound P (Ca-P) were comparable between the two forest types. Our study also showed that the ratios of MBP/TP, NaHCO₃-Pi/TP, NaHCO₃-Po/TP, and APA significantly varied with time during the growing season. Moreover, the concentrations of NaHCO₃-Pi, NaHCO₃-Po, and MBP had significant (P < 0.01) and positive linear relationships with APA. Overall, results from this study suggest that conversion of native forests to larch plantations in the region is more likely to cause compositional change in soil P than to result in reduction in overall P availability.     

Feeding activities of Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki and Reticulitermes speratus (Kolbe) as affected by moisture content of wood

The relationship between the moisture content (MC) of wood blocks and the feeding activities of two Japanese subterranean termites, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki and Reticulitermes speratus (Kolbe), was investigated with two choice tests. When three wood blocks with low MC (6%–12%), middle MC (79%–103%), and high MC (140%–182%) were exposed to workers of C. formosanus and R. speratus in a choice test, the feeding preferences were found in the middle MC blocks for C. formosanus, and the middle and high MC blocks for R. speratus, although wood blocks of low MC were also attacked. In a second choice test, wood blocks consisting of five pieces with water-impregnated (MC: 133%–191%) top, middle, or bottom piece were exposed to workers of both species. Higher consumptions were generally obtained in water-impregnated wood pieces and bottom pieces.     

Metabolic changes during adventitious root primordium development in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Tectona grandis</Emphasis> Linn. f. (teak) cuttings as affected by age of donor plants and auxin (IBA and NAA) treatment

Aging of the donor tree decreased adventitious root formation in shoot cuttings of Tectona grandis Linn. f. (teak). Exogenous application of auxins, i.e., α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) has a significant positive effect on the percentage of rooting. The maximum percent rooting was obtained with 4,000 ppm IBA as compared to other treatment. Significant increase in root number was recorded in shoot cuttings treated with 4,000 ppm NAA. The overall rooting response was better in the treatment with IBA rather than with NAA. Further periodic samples (0, 10, 20, and 30 days) were taken to assess the total soluble sugar, starch, protein, and peroxidase (PER) activity in the rooting zone of shoot cuttings of teak during adventitious root formation. Application NAA and IBA to shoot cuttings resulted in an increase in the level of total soluble sugar, starch, protein, and PER-activity in the rooting zone. The stored carbohydrates were utilized during adventitious root formation. Hence, total soluble sugar and starch contents of cuttings, irrespective of age of donor plants, decreased with the passage of time in cuttings planted for rooting. Significant fluctuations were observed in the protein content of cuttings during the time of root induction. There was an increase in the protein content with the passage of time from the day of planting up to its 20th day, followed by a sharp decline in the protein content of cuttings at the 30th day of planting, irrespective of the age of donor plants or the treatment of cuttings with auxins. Irrespective of donor plant age, PER-activity in the cuttings increased from the day of their planting for rooting up to the 20th day, and then declined at its 30th day of planting. It was interesting to note that PER-activity remained higher at all stages in the cuttings of 2-month-old seedlings which rooted profusely as compared to the cuttings of 15- and 30-year-old donor plants those rooted poorly. This study suggested that the exogenously applied NAA and IBA at different concentration seems to activate sugar metabolism for release of energy, protein and PER-activity which are necessary for cellular division and differentiation during adventitious root primordium initiation or development in the rooting zone of shoot cuttings.