乌司他丁治疗试验犬急性坏死性胰腺炎的临床观察

为了探讨乌司他丁(尿抑制素,Ulinastatin)治疗犬急性坏死性胰腺炎的疗效,为临床治疗犬急性坏死性胰腺炎提供参考依据。选用18只健康试验犬,随机分成3组,分别为对照组,低剂量乌司他丁治疗组和高剂量乌司他丁治疗组。3组试验犬通过改良胰管逆行注射法,造出胰腺炎模型。观察对比3组试验犬的临床症状、血常规、生化、B超影像变化。结果显示:(1)乌司他丁治疗组试验犬精神状态、活动性等较对照组好,呕吐、腹泻较轻,而且临床症状随着用药剂量增加而减轻;(2)乌司他丁治疗组试验犬血常规、生化指标显著低于对照组,而且随用药剂量的增加而降低。结果证明,乌司他丁能有效改善犬重症急性坏死性胰腺炎的临床症状,降低重症急性胰腺炎并发症的发生率,2万IU/kg体重乌司他丁的治疗效果比1万IU/kg体重乌司他丁的治疗效果更好。     

犬瘟热的临床诊断与中西医结合治疗

通过临床检查和实验室诊断病犬确诊为犬瘟热,采用犬瘟热单克隆抗体、犬瘟抑制蛋白、免疫血清等特异性对因治疗和对症治疗,辅以双黄连、黄芪注射液等中成药的综合疗法,患病犬只多数病情好转,未见复发,治疗时间短,治疗效果良好。     

干扰素对犬瘟热治疗效果的影响研究

为了分析干扰素治疗犬瘟热病症的效果，本研究将在某兽医院收集36例接受犬瘟热病症治疗的不同年龄犬，随机分为2组，分别为观察组和常规组。对常规组用常规的临床病症治疗，实施抗菌消炎干预；对观察组实施在常规临床治疗干预基础上加干扰素辅助治疗。结果表明，干扰素对于犬瘟热病症具有临床治疗干预的辅助作用和效果，特别是针对1～5个月（即幼龄）及6～12个月（即育成）的犬，有比较明显的辅助治疗作用。应用干扰素辅助犬瘟热病症的治疗，值得推荐。     

犬基因工程干扰素对犬瘟热的临床药效试验

犬基因工程干扰素由海南海利博泰生物技术研究所研制,该所拟准备向海南省申请登记注册该药。该产品主要表现为广谱的抗病毒活性,其适用范围主要包括:犬瘟热、犬病毒性肝炎、犬细小病毒感染等,扬州科汇生物技术研究所根据研发单位的要求,结合该产品功效,进行了犬基因工程干扰素的临床治疗试验。1.材料与方法1.1V康-犬基因工程干扰素批号030411,规格50万IU/瓶,为无色透明液体,由海南海利博泰生物技术研究所研制。用法用量:肌肉注射,1000IU/kg体重。1.2病毒犬瘟热(CD V)强毒分离株,经临床诊断、组织包涵体检查以及取脑、肝、肺组织抽提RNA…     

中药瘟毒泻痢灵配合治疗犬瘟热

犬瘟热是一种主要发生于犬科动物的具有高度接触传染性的疾病。我们应用中药瘟毒泻痢灵注射液进行配合治疗 ,疗效非常明显。1　治疗方法1.1　常规方法　对于患犬瘟热初期的病犬常规疗法是连续注射 3～ 5ｄ高免血清。小犬每天 1瓶 ,大犬每天 2瓶。在出现明显临床症状时除用高免血清 (或高价免疫球蛋白一长春产 )治疗外 ,配合以对症支持疗法。如长期、呕吐、腹泻时给予输液、补充能量 ,发热用安痛定等降温。1.2　瘟毒泻痢灵注射液治疗　在上述治疗的基础上配合中药瘟毒泻痢灵注射治疗 ,治疗方法为每次 0 .2ｍＬ/ｋｇ体重 ,少于等于 2 .5ｋｇ体…     

犬瘟热的治疗与预防

犬瘟热是严重威胁我国养犬业的主要传染病之一,加强生物安全和选用优质高效疫苗免疫接种是预防此病的重要措施,发病后采用犬瘟单抗和干扰素配合其它中西药对症治疗能有效提高治愈率。     

黄芪多糖对犬免疫指标的影响

本试验将黄芪多糖应用于犬,通过对肌肉注射高、中、低不同剂量的黄芪多糖注射液,进行试验前后免疫球蛋白IgG、IgA、IgM、补体C3、补体C4、WBC、Ly、RBC含量的测定比较分析,来观察黄芪多糖对犬免疫指标的影响。试验将12只犬分为4组,对照组注射生理盐水,处理组分别注射不同剂量（低剂量0.1ml/kg、中剂量0.5ml/kg、高剂量1ml/kg）的黄芪多糖注射液来探讨其对犬免疫指标的影响。试验结果表明：适量的黄芪多糖注射液能提高犬的机体免疫球蛋白（IgG,IgM,IgA）、补体C3、C4和WBC、LY、RBC的含量,中剂量（0.5ml/kg）的黄芪多糖对犬的免疫增强效果比高剂量组和低剂量组的效果要好。     

不同治疗方案对犬瘟热的疗效观察

通过对临床上确诊为犬瘟热的56例患犬以抗病毒、增强自身抵抗力、抗菌消炎、补充能量以及联合用药为治疗原则进行治疗。除11例死亡外,其他患犬均恢复正常,总治愈率达到80.4%。方案中以犬二联血清、犬用干扰素配合对症疗法治疗犬瘟热疗效最佳,总治愈率达到95.5%。     

CpG-ODN增强表达犬瘟热病毒H蛋白重组质粒免疫效果的分析

为提高犬瘟热病毒（caninedistempervirus,CDV）重组质粒的免疫应答水平,合成4条CpG-寡脱氧核苷酸（CpG—oligodeoxynueleotides,CpG-ODN）;通过体外淋巴细胞增殖试验确定1条刺激活性最显著的CpG-ODN,序列为5＇-TCGTcGTTTTGTCGTTTTGTcGTT-3’。将30只缝康毕格犬随机均分为2大组,每大组再分为5小组,分别以不同的剂量肌肉注射CDV附着蛋白（H）重组质粒pcDNA—H和选定的CpG-ODN。在免疫后的第2、4、6周分别测定各组动物的抗CDV中和抗体和γ-干扰素水平。结果表明选定的CpG-ODN对提高抗CDV中和抗体效价和干扰素水平具有一定作用,且与对照组差异显著（P〈0．05）;但不同剂量的质粒pcDNA—H和CpG-ODN的效果不同,其中以30μg／只的CpG-ODN和50ug／只的pcDNA—H的剂量组合效果最佳。以选定剂量的CpG-ODN和pcDNA—H免疫5只健康毕格犬,同时以质粒pcDNA—H与生理盐水作为对照;4周后所有动物均接种CDV组织匀浆毒。结果发现试验组动物均未出现犬瘟热临床症状,且攻毒后第3周CDV检测为阴性,而peDNA—H对照组和生理盐水对照组动物的CDV检测阳性率为2／5和5／5;这表明CpG能够明显促进重组质粒pcDNA—H的免疫保护作用。     

PK结肠溶胶囊对犬结肠炎的疗效评价

为评价PK结肠溶胶囊对犬结肠炎的治疗效果,探索更安全有效的治疗药物,以16只中华田园犬作为试验动物制作急性溃疡性结肠炎模型,随机平均分为4组,试验组分别口服PK结肠溶胶囊1颗/kg(正常剂量组)、2颗/kg(2倍剂量组)及柳氮磺吡啶结肠溶胶囊(阳性药物组,1颗/kg),测定给药后犬血液白细胞总数(WBC)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)参数变化,用内窥镜观察肠黏膜愈合状况。结果:2倍剂量组和阳性药物组给药后第4dWBC恢复到正常范围,正常剂量组给药后第7d未恢复到正常范围;2倍剂量组给药后第7dCRP恢复到正常范围,正常剂量组和阳性药物组未恢复到正常范围;内窥镜观察肠黏膜愈合状况疗效最好的是2倍剂量组。结论:PK结肠溶胶囊以2颗/kg剂量治疗犬结肠炎疗效明显,效果优于1颗/kg的正常剂量和柳氮磺吡啶。     

Canine distemper virus infection of canine footpad epidermis

Infection of the footpad epidermis can occur in natural canine distemper virus (CDV) infection of dogs. Footpads from 19 dogs experimentally inoculated with virulent distemper strain A75/17 and from two nonexposed dogs were examined histopathologically and assessed for the presence of viral antigen and nucleoprotein mRNA, as well as number of inflammatory and apoptotic cells. Dogs were divided into four groups based on inoculation status and postmortem examination: inoculated dogs with severe distemper (group 1, n = 7); inoculated dogs with mild distemper (group 2, n = 4); inoculated dogs without distemper (group 3, n = 8); and noninoculated dogs (group 4, n = 2). Footpads from dogs of all groups had a comparably thick epidermis. Eosinophilic viral inclusions and syncytial cells were present in footpad epidermis of one dog of group 1. Footpads of group 1 dogs contained viral antigen and mRNA in the epidermis with strongest staining in a subcorneal location. Additionally, in these dogs footpad dermal structures including eccrine glands and vascular walls were positive for virus particles. No CDV antigen or mRNA was present in the footpad epidermis and dermis of any other dog. Group 1 dogs had more CD3-positive cells and apoptotic cells within the basal layer of the epidermis when compared to the other groups. These findings demonstrate that in experimental infection CDV antigen and mRNA were colocalized in all layers of the infected canine footpad epidermis. The scarcity of overt pathological reactions with absence of keratinocyte degeneration indicates a noncytocidal persisting infection of footpad keratinocytes by CDV.     

A canine distemper virus seroprevalence study of dogs on three islands in the Torres Strait region,Australia

Canine distemper virus (CDV) can cause mortality in domestic dogs, which is easily prevented by the consistent application of vaccination protocols. The aim of this study was to determine if the dog populations of three strategically located islands in the Torres Strait of Australia, adjacent to Papua New Guinea, are infected by CDV. Eighty-four serum samples were collected from 70 dogs resident on Saibai, Dauan and Boigu Islands during 2017–2018. Sera were tested for CDV antibodies by a virus neutralization test (VNT). Overall, 7 (8.3%) sera from 6 (8.6%) dogs resident on all three islands were test positive. VNT titres ranged from 20 to >1280. Male adult dogs were more commonly seropositive than female and juvenile dogs. Considering the origin and age of test positive dogs, and veterinary visits to these islands, it was concluded that there is evidence of exposure to a field strain of CDV – rather than previous vaccination – in 4 of the 70 dogs (5.7%) tested in this study. Given the strategic location of these islands in a zone of high biosecurity risk, ongoing surveillance of pathogens such as CDV could inform on potential disease spread pathways in this region. In addition, the presence of high serological titres in the apparent absence of clinical disease requires further investigation.     

Treatment of canine parvoviral enteritis with interferon-omega in a placebo-controlled field trial

The clinical efficacy of a recombinant feline interferon (IFN) (type omega) was evaluated under field conditions for the treatment of dogs with parvoviral enteritis. In this multicentric, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 94 dogs from one to 28 months old were randomly assigned to two groups which were treated intravenously either with IFN (2.5 million units/kg) or placebo once a day for three consecutive days, and monitored for clinical signs and mortality for 10 days. Each dog received individual supportive treatment The data from 92 interpretable cases (43 IFN-treated and 49 placebo) showed that the clinical signs of the IFN-treated animals improved significantly in comparison with the control animals, and that there were only three deaths in the IFN group compared with 14 deaths in the placebo group (P = 0.0096) corresponding to a 4.4-fold reduction. Alternative analyses of the data taking into account the prior vaccination status of the dogs against canine parvovirus suggested that the IFN therapy resulted in a 6.4-fold reduction in mortality (P = 0.044) in the unvaccinated cohort, a significant reduction when compared with the vaccinated cohort.     

Ciprofloxacin as a representative of disk diffusion in vitro susceptibility of enrofloxacin for bacterial organisms from the middle-ear tissue of dogs with end-stage otitis externa

The purposes of this study were to determine whether ciprofloxacin disk diffusion susceptibility test (DDT) results could be used to assess the in vitro susceptibility of otic bacterial organisms to enrofloxacin and to determine the effect of concurrent enrofloxacin administration on the DDT results for enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin. Thirty dogs with end-stage otitis externa undergoing unilateral total ear canal ablation were enrolled. The dogs were randomized to one of four enrofloxacin-treatment groups or to the control group. Each dog in the treatment groups received two intravenous doses of enrofloxacin prior to surgical removal of the middle-ear tissue while the control group did not receive any enrofloxacin. One dog was excluded from the study as no middle-ear tissue was removed during surgery. Twenty-four dogs were in the enrofloxacin-treatment groups and five dogs were in the control group. In 12 of 29 dogs (41.4%), 14 of 82 (17.1%) of bacteria had discrepancies in DDT results for enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin. Discrepancies between the control group and treatment groups were not significantly different even though the percentage of discrepancies for the combined treatment group was 19.4% compared to 6.7% for the control group. In this study, ciprofloxacin DDT results were not an accurate indicator of the in vitro susceptibility of enrofloxacin for bacteria isolated from the middle-ear tissue of dogs with end-stage otitis.     

Efficacy of long-term monthly administration of ivermectin on the progress of naturally acquired heartworm infections in dogs

This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of prolonged monthly ivermectin treatment against Dirofilaria immitis in client-owned dogs with naturally acquired infections and to clinically monitor the animal's response to the slow killing of heartworms, with death of the worms distributed over a period of up to 2 years. A total of 17 male and female dogs of different breeds and ages were used. Prior to treatment, all of the dogs tested positive for heartworm antigen (Ag) and all but two had microfilariae (mf). The dogs were randomly allocated to one group of seven dogs which received a commercial formulation of ivermectin (minimum, 6 mcg IVM/kg) plus pyrantel (minimum, 5 mg PP/kg) (Heartgard Plus Chewables, Merial, Ltd.), another group of seven dogs which received a commercial formulation of IVM (min, 6 mcg/kg) (Heartgard Chewables, Merial Ltd.), and a group of three dogs which served as an untreated controls. All dogs were evaluated prior to initiation of treatment and thereafter at 3- to 5-month-intervals for mf, Ag, and radiographic and echocardiographic findings. All of the 17 dogs, with the exception of two dogs in the IVM group, had circulating mf of D. immitis prior to the 1st monthly dose, and a few also had mf of Dirofilaria repens. After 4 monthly doses, only one dog in the IVM/PP group and two dogs in the IVM group had a patent heartworm infection, and no heartworm mf were seen in the 14 treated dogs thereafter. After 10 monthly doses, the number of Ag-positive dogs in both of the treated groups decreased gradually. Efficacy, based on the reduction in number of Ag-positive dogs, was similar for the IVM/PP and IVM groups, with overall efficacy scores for the 14 dogs of 21, 21, 43, and 71% after 10, 14, 19, and 24 monthly doses, respectively. Two of the seven dogs treated with IVM/PP, one of the seven treated with IVM, and two of the three untreated controls showed echocardiographic evidence of a parasitic burden prior to treatment, and all of these scores had decreased by the end of the study. Only one dog (IVM/PP group) had a cardiovascular pattern of heartworm disease by echocardiography prior to treatment, but this dog's score increased to two and the scores of two additional dogs increased from zero to two (IVM group) or three (IVM/PP group) by the end of the study. Only 1 (IVM/PP group) of the 17 dogs showed a pulmonary pattern of heartworm disease by radiography prior to treatment, but this dog's score increased to three by the end of the study. The radiographic scores of two additional dogs in the treated groups increased from zero to three (IVM/PP) or two (IVM) by the end of the study. Thus, monthly administration of IVM to dogs with clinical, radiographic or echocardiographic evidence of heartworm disease is ill-advised and such treatment of even the asymptomatic dog should be done only with much caution and frequent monitoring by the veterinarian.     

Renal Allograft Survival in Outbred Mongrel Dogs Using Rabbit Anti-Dog Thymocyte Serum in Combination With Immunosuppressive Drug Therapy With or Without Donor Bone Marrow

Therapeutic renal transplantation in dogs is currently being investigated as a treatment for end-stage renal disease. This pilot study examines the effect of donor bone marrow (DBM) infusion and antithymocyte serum (ATS) in combination with immunosuppressive drug therapy in prolonging renal allograft survival in dogs. Seven normal outbred mongrel dogs received an unmatched renal allograft. All dogs received rabbit anti-dog thymocyte serum (RADTS), prednisone (Pr), cyclosporine-A (CsA) and azathioprine (Aza). In addition, three dogs (group 1 test) received DBM and four dogs (group 2 control) did not receive DBM. Serum CsA levels were measured throughout the study. Immunosuppressive therapy was gradually reduced with Pr, CsA, and Aza withdrawn at 200,450, and 680 days, respectively. Allograft rejection was treated with prednisolone sodium succinate. One dog in group 1 and one in group 2 died as a result of infectious canine rhinotracheitis and rejection early in the study. Renal allograft torsion occurred in one group 1 dog. The remaining four dogs survived the 2 years of the study. The dogs in group 2 (three dogs) all rejected the renal allograft after total drug withdrawal, the surviving dog in group 1 did not. This study demonstrates that RADTS, Pr, CsA, and Aza in combination can prolong renal allograft survival in mongrel dogs, whereas DBM may enhance the unresponsive state.     

苦楝皮驱除犬蛔虫试验效果研究

为了研究苦楝皮驱除犬蛔虫的试验效果,采用云南当地苦楝皮,将20只京巴犬分为4组,分别为对照组、低剂量组(5mL/kg)、中剂量组(15mL/kg)、高剂量组(25mL/kg)。以7d为1个投药周期,将炮制好的苦楝皮饲喂病犬,连续给药3个周期。通过采集粪便和实验室观察,计算出给药后虫卵转阴率,并确定最佳疗程及剂量。试验结果表明,3个剂量的苦楝皮对犬蛔虫都有驱除效力,但高剂量组综合效力最好,虫卵转阴率可以达到96.5%,且以7d为1个周期,连续用药3周可以达到对犬蛔虫病的基本治愈。     

苷肽注射液对犬淋巴细胞转化试验

以20只健康犬为研究对象,随机分为四组,每组5只,分别注射苷肽注射液、苷肽注射液和犬五联疫苗、犬五联疫苗、生理盐水,研究苷肽注射液及其与疫苗配合进行的对犬淋巴细胞转化试验。各组犬于注射的第1、2、7、14、21天采血,进行淋巴细胞转化试验。结果表明:苷肽注射液单独应用和与疫苗同时应用,在注射的第2天就可以显著提高淋巴细胞转化率(P0.05),且能维持14～21天;疫苗组在注射的第7天达到了最高值,但明显低于前两组。这说明了苷肽注射液具有增强免疫的作用,并且可延长疫苗维持较高免疫功能的时间。     

Prednisone treatment alters the serum amylase and lipase activities in normal dogs without causing pancreatitis.

In order to test the hypothesis that treatment with glucocorticoids causes pancreatitis in dogs, 18 mongrel dogs were divided into three groups of six individuals, each group receiving prednisone at different doses orally or intramuscularly for two weeks. Two groups consisting of six dogs each served as controls. Treatment for two weeks with oral prednisone at 1.2 mg/kg body weight or at 4 mg/kg body weight daily decreased the serum amylase activities, but increased the serum lipase activities. Postmortem examinations revealed microscopic evidence of mild pancreatitis in only one dog given prednisone, that clinically appeared normal. It was concluded that daily doses of 4 mg prednisone/kg body weight or less given orally or intramuscularly for two weeks do not cause pancreatitis in dogs.     

Influence of green lipped mussels (Perna canaliculus) in alleviating signs of arthritis in dogs

This study evaluated the efficacy of green lipped mussel (GLM), added to a complete dry diet, for alleviating clinical signs of arthritis in dogs. A double-blind longitudinal study design was used with 31 mixed-breed dogs exhibiting varying degrees of arthritis. Each dog was evaluated by a veterinarian and joints were individually scored for degree of pain, swelling, crepitus, and reduction in range of movement. Summation of all scores for an individual dog comprised its total arthritis score. At baseline, dogs were randomly allocated to control and test groups. Both groups were fed the same base dry diet, to which 0.3% GLM powder was added for dogs in the test group. The change in total arthritis score by the end of 6 weeks showed there was significant improvement (P <.05) in the test group versus the control group. Significant improvements were also observed in joint pain and swelling scores in the test group. Changes in joint crepitus and range of joint movement were not significantly different between the test and control groups. These findings provide strong evidence that GLM incorporated into a complete dry diet can help alleviate arthritis symptoms in dogs.