转基因糙米对肉仔鸡消化能力、血液生化指标和器官发育的影响

将96只1日龄肉仔鸡随机平均分成2组,一组饲喂含转基因糙米日粮,一组饲喂含非转基因糙米日粮,试验期42d。测定肉仔鸡18-21日龄和39-42日龄日粮粗蛋白表观消化率和表观代谢能;43日龄心脏采血制备血清,测定其中谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶、7-谷氨酰转移酶的酶活性、尿酸以及甲状腺素T3、T4的含量;屠宰后测定器官指数并做显微切片。结果表明,2阶段肉仔鸡日粮蛋白质表观消化率和表观代谢能在2组没有差异(P>0.05);血清生化指标在2组之间没有差异(P>0.05);显微镜下观察组织切片没有发现病理变化。结果显示转基因糙米对肉仔鸡的消化能力和健康状况在试验期内未产生明显的有害影响。     

转基因糙米对肉仔鸡消化能力、血液生化指标和器官发育的影响

96只1日龄肉仔鸡随机平均分成两组,一组饲喂含转基因糙米日粮,一组饲喂含非转基因糙米日粮,试验期42d。测定肉仔鸡18～21日龄和39～42日龄日粮粗蛋白表观消化率和表观代谢能;43日龄心脏采血制备血清,测定其中谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶、γ-谷氨酰转移酶的酶活性,尿酸以及甲状腺素T3、T4的含量;屠宰后测定器官指数并做显微切片。结果表明,两阶段肉仔鸡日粮蛋白质表现消化率和表现代谢能在两组没有差异(P＞0．05);血清生化指标在两组之间没有差异(P＞0．05);显微镜下观察组织切片没有发现病理变化。结果显示转基因糙米对肉仔鸡的消化能力和健康状况在试验期內未产生明显的有害影响。     

复合酶制剂对饲喂高粱饲粮肉仔鸡生长性能和血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究高粱饲粮中添加复合酶制剂对爱拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡生长性能、表观代谢能、蛋白质表观消化率和血清生化指标的影响。选取1日龄AA肉仔鸡1 200只,随机分为6个组,每个组10个重复,每个重复20只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮(1~21日龄含8%高粱,22~35日龄含15%高粱),试验组分别饲喂添加不同高粱专用酶组合(复合酶制剂A、B、C、D和E)的基础饲粮,试验期35 d。结果表明,与对照组相比,复合酶制剂B能显著提高肉仔鸡的平均体重(P0.05),显著提高肉仔鸡的欧洲综合指数(EPI)(P0.05),改善了肉仔鸡的成活率和料重比(P0.05),提高了饲粮表观代谢能和蛋白质表观消化率(P0.05);各复合酶制剂对肉仔鸡血清生化指标未产生显著影响(P0.05)。综合各项测定指标,在本试验条件下,高粱饲粮中添加复合酶制剂能改善肉仔鸡的生长性能;结合复合酶的酶谱表明,复配高粱酶制剂时应该考虑提高果胶酶和蛋白酶的配比。     

溶血卵磷脂提高肉仔鸡对禽脂的表观消化率

试验研究日粮中禽脂水平(30和24 g/kg)以及是否添加外源乳化剂溶血卵磷脂(LPC)对肉仔鸡生长性能、脂肪酸表观消化率以及日粮表观代谢能(AME)的影响.本试验选用168只1日龄AA肉仔鸡(公雏),按照2×2因子设计,分4个处理,每个处理7个重复,每个重复6只鸡.试验中测定生长性能、营养物质表观消化率以及日粮AME.结果表明,禽脂添加水平对肉仔鸡生长性能、脂肪酸表观消化率以及日粮AME没有显著影响(P>0.05).日粮中添加LPC提高肉仔鸡体增重(P<0.05)、降低料重比(P<0.05)、提高14～17日龄日粮AME(P<0.05).添加LPC有提高14～17日龄肉仔鸡粗脂肪表观消化率的趋势(P=0.086).日粮中添加外源乳化剂LPC提高了C18:0脂肪酸的表观消化率(P<0.05),对其他脂肪酸、粗蛋白质以及粗脂肪表观消化率没有显著影响(P>0.05).这些结果表明,在含禽脂的日粮中添加500 mg/kg LPC能改善肉仔鸡生长性能;LPC改善肉仔鸡生长性能的作用是通过提高脂肪表观消化率实现的.     

牛磺酸对肉仔鸡生产性能、养分利用率及脂肪酶活性的影响

本研究旨在探讨牛磺酸对肉仔鸡生产性能、养分利用率及脂肪酶活性的影响。选用240只1日龄AA肉仔鸡,随机分为5组,每组3个重复。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加0.05%,0.10%,0.15%和0.20%的牛磺酸,试验期42 d。结果表明:日粮中添加0.10%牛磺酸,能够显著提高肉仔鸡平均日增重和饲料转化率(P<0.05),显著提高18~21日龄粗蛋白利用率(P<0.05);0.15%水平的牛磺酸能够显著提高18~21日龄肉仔鸡的表观代谢能和粗脂肪利用率(P<0.05)及21日龄胰脏和小肠内容物脂肪酶活性(P<0.05);添加牛磺酸对39~42日龄肉仔鸡的养分利用率及42日龄胰脏和小肠内容物脂肪酶活性均无显著影响(P>0.05)。说明牛磺酸对肉仔鸡促生长作用与提高养分利用率有关,且粗脂肪利用率的提高与胰脏和小肠内容物脂肪酶活性提高有关。     

不同配比油脂对肉鸡生产性能的影响

日粮中添加不同配比油脂后对肉仔鸡生产性能、养分利用率及肠道消化酶活性的影响。选取648只1日龄AA肉仔鸡,随机分为6个处理组,CON组为对照组(饲喂基础日粮),SO组为正对照组(饲喂基础日粮添加豆油),LO组为负对照组(饲喂基础日粮添加猪油),COP、COC和COV组分别在基础日粮添加以棕榈油为主的配比油脂、以椰子油为主的配比油脂和多种植物油配比的油脂。结果表明:1)从饲养全期来看,LO和COP组日增质量显著高于CON组,LO组日采食量显著高于SO和COV组,COP和COC组料重比显著低于LO组。2)42日龄时添加油脂组表观代谢能、粗脂肪、干物质与粗蛋白的表观消化率均比CON组有所提高但不显著;SO、COP和COC组钙的表观消化率显著高于CON组,COP和COC组显著高于LO和COV组;SO和COC组磷的表观消化率显著高于CON、LO和COV组。3)21和42日龄时肉仔鸡添加油脂组脂肪酶、胰蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性均比CON组有所提高但不显著。3种配比油脂对肉仔鸡的生产性能均有所提高,添加油脂组的养分利用率有所改善,其中以棕榈油为主的配比油脂效果较好,消化酶的测定结果印证了试验结果。     

不同水平抗草甘膦转基因豆粕日粮对AA肉仔鸡免疫功能的影响

试验研究不同抗草甘膦转基因豆粕添加水平日粮对AA肉仔鸡免疫功能的影响。试验选用720只1日龄的AA肉仔鸡,随机分成4个处理组,每个处理5个重复,分别饲喂含36%和27%的转基因豆粕和非转基因豆粕日粮。比较各组试验鸡免疫指标中血清溶菌酶活性、新城疫抗体滴度、外周淋巴细胞转化率和T淋巴细胞亚群。结果表明:42 d的36%转基因组与36%常规豆粕组间法氏囊指数有显著差异(P<0.05),42 d 27%转基因豆粕组与27%常规豆粕组间球蛋白含量差异显著(P<0.05),其他指标均无显著差异(P>0.05)。结果显示,试验期间不同水平抗草甘膦转基因豆粕日粮对AA肉仔鸡免疫功能没有影响。     

转植酸酶基因玉米对肉仔鸡血液生理生化指标和免疫功能的影响

试验旨在研究转植酸酶基因玉米对肉仔鸡血液生理生化指标和免疫功能的影响。采用单因子完全随机设计,将160只1日龄AA肉仔公雏鸡分成2组,分别为对照组和试验组,每组10个重复笼,每个重复笼8只鸡。对照组饲喂非转植酸酶基因亲本玉米日粮,试验组饲喂转植酸酶基因玉米日粮,两组鸡在试验期间饲喂日粮中的可利用磷等所有养分含量均相等或相近。试验期为42 d,分为1~21和22~42日龄2个饲养阶段。结果显示,试验组与对照组相比,42日龄肉仔鸡的血液生理生化指标、免疫器官指数、血清新城疫抗体滴度和全血T淋巴细胞转化率均无显著差异(P＞0.05);21日龄肉仔鸡的血清新城疫抗体滴度也无显著差异(P＞0.05)。因此,转植酸酶基因玉米日粮对肉仔鸡未产生不良影响,可安全饲喂于肉仔鸡。     

脱壳脱核玉米在肉仔鸡日粮中的营养价值及对养分排泄的影响

设计2个试验来评定在肉仔鸡日粮中脱壳脱核玉米(DDC)的营养价值及其中的影响。试验1:14~21日龄肉仔鸡,分别饲喂4种试验日粮,以DDC代替玉米作为唯一的能量和蛋白质来源(占日粮的93.4%),DDC的添加量逐渐升高。玉米和DDC的AM En值分别为3267和3364 kca l/kg。同时测定了21日龄肉仔鸡表观回肠氨基酸消化率,饲喂DDC日粮肉仔鸡的苏氨酸、赖氨酸、精氨酸和色氨酸消化率显著低于玉米组(P<0.05)。试验2:0~42日龄肉仔鸡以玉米或DDC作为主要的能量来源。在42日龄,两组肉仔鸡的体重和饲料消耗结果无差异(P>0.05),但DDC组肉仔鸡排泄物干物质含量(DM)和磷含量(P)显著低于玉米组7 8.1 g和1.54g(P<0.0 5)。试验结果表明,以DDC代替玉米饲喂肉仔鸡,在42日龄生产性能相近,而排泄物中DM和P含量降低。     

转基因稻谷日粮对肉仔鸡血清生化指标的影响

为了研究转基因稻谷日粮对肉仔鸡血液生化指标的影响,监测转基因稻谷对肉仔鸡健康状况的影响。试验将200只1日龄的肉仔鸡随机分成2组,试验组、对照组分别饲喂转基因稻谷及其亲本配制的基础日粮。21日龄、42日龄时测定试验组与对照组血液生化指标之间的差异。结果表明:饲喂含有转基因稻谷日粮的肉仔鸡在早期可降低碱性磷酸酶含量,降低后期血液中尿酸含量,而对其它血液生化指标无显著影响。转基因稻谷日粮作为肉仔鸡的饲料原料对肉仔鸡血液生化指标未造成负面影响。     

Xylanase and beta-glucanase supplementation improve conjugated bile acid fraction in intestinal contents and increase villus size of small intestine wall in broiler chickens fed a rye-based diet

This study was performed with growing chickens (4 to 22 d of age) to evaluate the effects of feeding a rye-based diet supplemented with commercial enzyme preparation containing xylanase and beta-glucanase (Quatrazyme HP, Nutri-Tomen, France) on small intestine wall morphology, bile acid composition, nutrient digestibility, and bird performance compared with unsupplemented rye- or corn-based diets. The rye-based diet decreased (P < or = 0.05) weight gain, feed intake, and feed efficiency and increased water intake compared with the corn-based diet. Moreover, rye consumption reduced crude fat and protein digestibility as well as apparent metabolizable energy (P < or = 0.05). The small intestine wall showed that villus length, width, and surface were decreased in broiler chickens fed the rye-based diet compared with those fed the corn-based diet. However, crypt morphometry parameters were not affected by diet type. The concentration of conjugated bile acids in the small intestine contents of broiler chickens fed the rye-based diet was decreased (P < or = 0.05) compared with those fed the corn-based diet. These findings suggest that feeding a rye-based diet reduces villus capacity for nutrient absorption and bile acid capacity for fat solubilization and emulsification, resulting in decreased bird performance. The addition of xylanase and beta-glucanase to the rye-based diet improved (P < or = 0.05) weight gain, feed intake, and feed efficiency, and decreased water intake. The digestibility of nutrients and apparent metabolizable energy were also increased (P < or = 0.05). Addition of xylanase and beta-glucanase increased (P < or = 0.05) villus size and the villus height-to-crypt depth ratio, as well as the concentration of conjugated bile acids (P < or = 0.05) in the small intestine contents. Exogenous enzymes improved nutrient digestibility and broiler chicken performance, probably by improving the absorption capacity ofthe small intestine through increased villus surface and intestinal concentration of conjugated bile acids.     

Effects of Source of Inorganic Phosphorus and Phytase Supplementation on Performance, Physiological Parameters and Bone Mineralization in Broilers

The objective of this study was to eval- uate the effects of inorganic phosphorus source and phytase addition on performance, nutrient digestibility and bone mineralization in broiler chickens. In Exp. 1,150 two-day old, male broiler chicks were fed a corn-soybean meal basal diet supplemented with phos- phorus provided by dicalcium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate or defluorinated rock phosphate. Five cages containing 10 birds were allotted to each of the three treatments. In Exp. 2,120 three-day old, male broiler chicks were fed the basal diet from Exp. 1 supplemen- ted with 0,250,500 ,or 1,000 P-＇rU phytase per kg of diet. Six cages containing five chicks were allotted to each of the four treatments. In Exp. 1, there was no difference in weight gain, feed intake or feed conver- sion as a result of feeding the different sources of in- organic phosphorus. The digestibility of phosphorus was significantly lower （P =0.01 ） for chicks fed di- ets supplemented with tricalcium phosphate than for chicks fed the other two diets. However, despite the lower digestibility, serum phosphorus levels did not differ among the three treatments. For Exp. 2, feedconversion showed a linear improvement （P = 0.03 ） with increasing levels of phytase inclusion （ days 0 to 33 ）. Phytase supplementation resulted in linear increa- ses in the digestibility of dry matter （P = 0.02 ）, crude protein （ P --- 0.04 ） and energy （ P 〈 0.01 ）. Chicks fed 1,000 FTU/kg phytase had significantly higher bone calcium （ P = 0.05 ） and bone breaking strength （P = 0.04 ） than chicks fed the basal diet on day 33. In conclusion, the results of the current study indicated that the performance of birds fed diets sup- plemented with dicalcium phosphate, tricalcium phos- phate or defluorinated phosphate was similar and therefore production costs could be lowered by choo- sing the cheapest inorganic phosphorus source when formulating diets for poultry. When diets were formu- lated to meet dietary phosphorus requirements, the growth of broilers was not enhanced with phytase sup- plementation. However, increases in feed conversion and bone breaking strength and its potential to impact culling and mortality in broiler operations may be suf- ficient justification for the routine inclusion of phytase in diets fed to broilers.     

Effects of Source of Inorganic Phosphorus and Phytase Supplementation on Performance, Physiological Parameters and Bone Mineralization in Broilers

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of inorganic phosphorus source and phytase addition on performance, nutrient digestibility and bone mineralization in broiler chickens. In Exp. 1, 150 two-day old, male broiler chicks were fed a corn-soybean meal basal diet supplemented with phosphorus provided by dicalcium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate or defluorinated rock phosphate. Five cages containing 10 birds were allotted to each of the three treatments. In Exp. 2, 120 three-day old, male broiler chicks were fed the basal diet from Exp. 1 supplemented with 0, 250, 500, or 1,000 FTU phytase per kg of diet. Six cages containing five chicks were allotted to each of the four treatments. In Exp. 1, there was no difference in weight gain, feed intake or feed conversion as a result of feeding the different sources of inorganic phosphorus. The digestibility of phosphorus was significantly lower (P = 0.01) for chicks fed diets supplemented with tricalcium phosphate than for chicks fed the other two diets.  However, despite the lower digestibility, serum phosphorus levels did not differ among the three treatments. For Exp. 2, feed conversion showed a linear improvement (P = 0.03) with increasing levels of phytase inclusion (days 0 to 33).  Phytase supplementation resulted in linear increases in the digestibility of dry matter (P = 0.02), crude protein (P = 0.04) and energy (P < 0.01).  Chicks fed 1,000 FTU/kg phytase had significantly higher bone calcium (P = 0.05) and bone breaking strength (P = 0.04) than chicks fed the basal diet on day 33. In conclusion, the results of the current study indicated that the performance of birds fed diets supplemented with dicalcium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate or defluorinated phosphate was similar and therefore production costs could be lowered by choosing the cheapest inorganic phosphorus source when formulating diets for poultry. When diets were formulated to meet dietary phosphorus requirements, the growth of broilers was not enhanced with phytase supplementation.  However, increases in feed conversion and bone breaking strength and its potential to impact culling and mortality in broiler operations may be sufficient justification for the routine inclusion of phytase in diets fed to broilers.     

Effect of dietary inclusion of graded levels of toasted guar meal on performance,nutrient digestibility,carcass traits,and serum parameters in commercial broiler chickens

An experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design to explore the replacement value of toasted guar meal (TGM) for soybean meal (SBM) in commercial broiler diets. Hypothesis was tested by including graded levels (0, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18% of diet) of TGM to replace maize-SBM on growth performance, apparent nutrient digestibility, carcass traits, and serum parameters. A total of six iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric diets were prepared, and each diet was fed ad libitum to 12 replicates of five chicks each from 1 to 42 days of age. Results showed that inclusion of TGM up to 12% in broiler diets did not affect the body weight gain, feed efficiency, and energy digestibility. Feed intake, dry matter, nitrogen digestibility, and relative weights of ready-to-cook yields, breast muscle, abdominal fat, liver, and pancreas were not affected (P > 0.05) by incorporating TGM even up to 18% in broiler diets. Concentration of glucose, total protein, and triglyceride in serum was also not affected (P > 0.05), while serum total cholesterol concentration was found to be higher (P < 0.05) in broilers fed diets containing TGM as compared to those fed on 0% TGM diet. From the results, it was evident that TGM may be incorporated up to 12% in commercial broiler diets for better growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and carcass traits.     

Influence of pre‐press solvent‐extracted cottonseed meal supplemented with exogenous enzyme and digestible lysine on performance,digestibility, carcass and immunity responses of broiler chickens

The response of broiler chickens to two levels of endo‐1,4‐β xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8) and endo‐1,3‐β glucanase (EC 3.2.1.6) combination (with and without), three levels of digestible lysine (0.8%, 0.9% and 1.0% with the applicability of ideal protein concept) and two levels of cottonseed meal (CSM; 20% and 30%) were evaluated in 2 × 3 × 2 factorial arrangement. A total of 2448 male Hubbard broiler chicks were fed on practical vegetable‐based mash diets having 2750 kcal metabolizable energy (ME) per kg and 18.5% crude protein (CP) from the age of day 1 to 42. The supplemental enzyme had minimum 1100 units of endo‐1,4‐β xylanase and 100 units of endo‐1,3‐β glucanase/kg of finished diet. The addition of CSM at 30% resulted in increasing arginine to lysine ratio. A decrease in dressing and breast percentages were observed by the addition of 30% CSM. The digestible lysine at 1.0% decreased the body weight (BW) gain and lowered the mortality during day 1 to 21 whereas the BW gain and feed:gain ratio were unaffected among the three digestible lysine levels during day 1 to 42. The antibody titres against Newcastle and infectious bursal disease viruses were improved with the increasing levels of digestible lysine. The enzyme supplementation improved the apparent ME and digestibility coefficient of nitrogen when it was used with 30% CSM. No effect of enzyme, lysine, CSM or their interactions was observed on serum iron, gizzard and liver weights or abdominal fat percentage. The results showed that increasing digestible lysine improved the antibody titre but did not improve the growth performance and carcass characteristics; supplemental enzyme failed to show any improvement in performance of birds fed on CSM‐based diets.     

不同省份来源的稻谷干酒糟及其可溶物饲喂生长猪有效能和氨基酸回肠末端消化率的测定

本试验旨在测定不同省份来源的稻谷干酒糟及其可溶物(DDGS)饲喂生长猪的消化能、代谢能和氨基酸回肠末端消化率。试验一:选用30头初始体重为(35.02±1.61) kg杜×长×大三元杂交去势公猪,随机分成5组,每组6个重复,每个重复1头猪。各组分别饲喂玉米饲粮和4种稻谷DDGS饲粮。试验期19 d。试验二:选用30头初始体重为(42.04±1.90) kg装有T型瘘管的杜×长×大三元杂交去势公猪,随机分成5组,每组6个重复,每个重复1头猪。各组分别饲喂无氮饲粮和4种稻谷DDGS饲粮。试验期16 d。结果表明:1)来源于黑龙江、安徽和河北的稻谷DDGS的总能、粗蛋白质和氨基酸含量高于来源于广西的稻谷DDGS。来源于黑龙江、安徽和河北的稻谷DDGS的中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量低于来源于广西的稻谷DDGS。2)来源于广西的稻谷DDGS的消化能、代谢能,粗蛋白质、干物质和能量表观全肠道消化率,以及氨基酸表观和标准回肠末端消化率均显著低于来源于黑龙江、安徽和河北的稻谷DDGS(P<0.05)。由此可见,不同省份来源的稻谷DDGS由于营养成分不同,导致其在生长猪上的消化能、代谢能和氨基酸回肠末端消化率存在差异,其中粗纤维含量是影响稻谷DDGS营养价值的关键因素之一。     

Effects of enzymatic treatment and shell content of palm kernel expeller meal on performance,nutrient digestibility,and ileal bacterial population in broiler chickens

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of enzymatic treatment and shell content of palm kernel expeller meal (PKE) on the performance, nutrient digestibility, and ileal bacteria population in broiler chickens. Part of the PKE sample was sieved (3 mm) to remove the shell (lower shell PKE) and part was used as is. The primary mannan-oligosaccharides in the experimental diets were determined using HPLC analysis. During the finisher phase, one hundred male broiler chickens (Cobb-500) were fed a control diet or the diets containing 200 g/kg of normal PKE (70 g/kg shell), low shell PKE (30 g/kg shell), enzymatically (cellulase and mannanase) treated PKE, or low shell, enzymatically treated PKE. The DM, CP, and ether extract digestibility coefficients were measured using acid insoluble ash as an insoluble marker. The quantitative rea-time PCR was used to determine the ileal bacteria populations. The enzymatic treatment significantly increased the mannose and also mannan-oligosaccharides content of PKE. Feed intake was not affected by dietary inclusion of PKE. In the birds fed the low shell PKE diet the average daily weight gain was lower and the feed conversion ratio was higher than those in the control and other PKE fed groups. The digestibility coefficients of dry matter and ash were lower in PKE containing diets than the control diet. However, there were no differences in the crude protein and ether extracts digestibility coefficients between the diets containing the enzymatic treated PKE (normal or low shell) and the control diet. The lowest ileal Lactobacilli population was found in the chickens fed the low shell PKE diet. Dietary normal PKE or low shell-enzymatic treated PKE decreased the Escherichia coli population compared to the control diet. The results suggested that PKE could be included up to 200 g/kg in the finisher diet without any apparent adverse effect on performance in broilers; however, any screening practice to reduce the shell content of PKE without enzymatic degradation of β-mannan, decreased its nutritive value.     

转Bt基因糙米作为日粮原料对生长猪免疫功能的影响

本试验旨在研究转苏云金芽孢杆菌（Bacillus thuringiensis,Bt）基因糙米作为日粮原料对生长猪免疫功能的影响。选用80日龄大白仔猪30头,随机分为2组,每组15个重复,每个重复1头猪。对照组饲喂含70%亲本非转基因糙米的日粮,试验组饲喂含70%转Bt基因糙米的日粮,试验期90 d。结果显示,与对照组相比,饲喂转Bt基因糙米的生长猪血清中IgA、IgG、IgM含量及补体C3和C4水平差异均不显著（P＞0.05）;试验组生长猪的肝脏、脾脏组织切片观察发现,其亚显微结构均无病理变化,与对照组相比无明显差异（P＞0.05）,且两组间的免疫器官指数也均无显著差异（P＞0.05）。综上所述,在本试验条件下,转Bt基因糙米作为生长猪的日粮,未见对生长猪的免疫器官及其功能造成影响。     

Digestibility and utilization of energy and protein in screened swine waste solids by gestating gilts

Two balance experiments were conducted using 24 gestating gilts in each experiment to determine the apparent digestible and metabolizable energy content, apparent digestible protein content, net protein utilization and apparent biological value of screened swine waste solids (SSWS). Waste solids were collected by screening flushed whole swine waste using a vibrating screen separator. Waste solids containing 30% dry matter were collected daily and mixed with a basal diet. In Exp. 1, SSWS were fed at a level estimated to replace 0, 25, 50 or 86% of the metabolizable energy content of the basal diet. Digestibility of the energy in the total diet decreased quadratically (85.2, 70.2, 60.7 and 58.3%, respectively, P less than .0001) with increasing SSWS. The percentages of gross energy supplied by SSWS that were digested and metabolized, as calculated by difference, were not affected significantly by the amount of SSWS fed (48.0, 48.0, 53.2% digested and 45.1, 45.2, 48.1% metabolized, respectively, for 25, 50 and 86% of gross energy intake from SSWS). The mean digestible and metabolizable energy contents of SSWS for gestating gilts were determined to be 1,998 and 1,854 kcal/kg dry matter. In Exp. 2, gilts were fed SSWS to replace 0, 25 or 50% of the crude protein in the basal diet. Apparent digestibility of the protein in the total diet decreased linearly (83.8, 66.1 and 51.1%, respectively, P less than .0001) as the amount of SSWS in the diet increased. The apparent digestibility of the crude protein in SSWS, as calculated by difference, was -4.23 and 10.1% for the 25 and 50% level of replacement.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

棉籽浓缩蛋白营养价值评定及其对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

本研究旨在评价棉籽浓缩蛋白的营养价值及其替代大豆浓缩蛋白对断奶仔猪生长性能、营养物质消化率和血清生化指标的影响。试验1：将12头生长猪随机分成2组（每组6个重复，每个重复1头猪），分别饲喂玉米基础饲粮和棉籽浓缩蛋白饲粮。采用全收粪尿法和套算法测定棉籽浓缩蛋白的消化能和代谢能。试验2：将12头生长猪随机分成2组（每组6个重复，每个重复1头猪），分别饲喂无氮饲粮和棉籽浓缩蛋白饲粮。采用指示剂法和直接法测定棉籽浓缩蛋白的粗蛋白质和氨基酸标准回肠消化率。试验3：将192头断奶仔猪随机分成4组（每组6个重复，每个重复8头猪），分别饲喂棉籽浓缩蛋白水平为0、2%、4%和6%（等量替代大豆浓缩蛋白）的试验饲粮，试验期28 d。结果表明：1）风干基础下棉籽浓缩蛋白消化能、代谢能和总能消化率分别为16.51 MJ/kg、15.38 MJ/kg和89.78%。2）棉籽浓缩蛋白的粗蛋白质和氨基酸标准回肠消化率89%和75%～94%。3）不同添加水平的棉籽浓缩蛋白替代大豆浓缩蛋白对断奶仔猪生长性能、营养物质消化率及血清生化指标均没有显著影响（P>0.05）。由此可见，棉籽浓缩蛋白在断奶仔猪饲粮中可以完全...