仔猪血清中溶菌酶含量和活力的测定

溶菌酶参与机体内多种免疫反应,测定它在血清中的含量可作为了解机体免疫功能的一个重要指标.试验用36头22日龄仔猪血清为试验样本,利用比浊法和ELISA两种方法测定血清中的溶菌酶.结果表明:ELISA测定法对同一样本3次测定值间的变异系数和对36个仔猪血清样本溶菌酶测定值变异系数均极显著(P＜0.01)小于比浊法测定结果...     

慢性氨气暴露对肉鸡NK细胞杀伤活性和血清新城疫抗体效价和溶菌酶的影响

为探讨氨气对肉鸡免疫功能的影响,选择240只1日龄AA肉公鸡,随机分成4个处理组,分别饲养在4个独立的、环境可控制的实验舱内。4个环控仓氨气浓度设计为0～3周龄分别为0、13、26mg/kg和52mg/kg;3～6周龄分别为0、20、40mg/kg和80mg/kg。结果表明:高浓度氨气暴露3周和6周,肉鸡血清溶菌酶均表现降低,其中3周龄溶菌酶降低较显著(P<0.05);肉鸡氨气暴露6周后,NK细胞杀伤活性显著下降(P<0.05),新城疫弱毒疫苗免疫效能显著降低(P<0.05)。这一结果表明肉鸡暴露在高浓度氨气环境中,其免疫功能会表现降低。     

生姜对小鼠血清溶菌酶活性的影响

为观察生姜对小鼠血清溶菌酶活性的影响，将40只小鼠随机分为4组，每组10只，实验组灌服生姜匀浆液，对照组灌服蒸馏水，4组小鼠均饲喂正常饲料，20d检测小鼠血清中溶菌酶含量。结果表明，灌服生姜组小鼠血清溶菌酶含量明显高于对照组。实验证实，提高血清溶菌酶活性是生姜抗菌的机制之一。     

Serum Vitamin B12 Levels in Omani Goats

Blood and faecal samples were studied from 200 Omani goats of both sexes and various age groups, within five different regions in Oman. Survey questionnaires were undertaken on each goat. The serum vitamin B12 values ranged from 105 to >2000 pg/ml, with a mean value of 723.1 pg/ml and a 95% confidence interval of 61-1507 pg/ml. Kids in the age group 1-3 months showed significantly lower levels of serum vitamin B12 than the older animals. Varying levels of serum vitamin B12 were found in different regions of Oman and on farms within the same region. Goats maintained on commercial feed showed higher levels of serum vitamin B12 than those maintained on pasture or fed on household leftover food, as commonly practised in Oman. Coccidial counts were highest in animals with lower levels of serum vitamin B12. The results of this study indicate that there is a wide range of serum vitamin B12 levels in Omani goats and suggests that younger animals, with lower levels of serum vitamin B12, might be more susceptible to vitamin B12 deficiencies than older animals.     

共轭亚油酸对环磷酰胺免疫抑制肉仔鸡巨噬细胞溶茵酶含量的影响

本研究采用健康肉仔鸡和环磷酰胺免疫抑制肉仔鸡模型,通过体外细胞培养试验来研究2种共轭亚油酸异构体(c9,t11-CLA和t10,c12-CLA)对肉鸡巨噬细胞溶菌酶分泌水平的影响.选取24只1日龄爱拔益加(Arbor Acre)肉仔鸡随机分为免疫抑制处理组和健康肉仔鸡组,分别于14、15和16日龄进行环磷酰胺(cyclophosphamide,CY;80 mg/kg体重)腿肌注射和等体积生理盐水腿肌注射.巨噬细胞体外培养试验采用含不同浓度(0、25、50和100μmol/L)c9,t11-CLA、t10,c12-CLA或1:1的混合物(CLA混合物).结果表明,t10,c12-CLA可减缓CY对巨噬细胞溶菌酶合成和分泌的抑制作用.添加高剂量的t10,c12-CLA效果好于低剂量添加.c9,t11-CLA对巨噬细胞溶菌酶的分泌无明显影响.     

共轭亚油酸对环磷酰胺免疫抑制肉仔鸡巨噬细胞溶菌酶含量的影响

本研究采用健康肉仔鸡和环磷酰胺免疫抑制肉仔鸡模型,通过体外细胞培养试验来研究2种共轭亚油酸异构体（c9,t11-CLA和t10,c12-CLA）对肉鸡巨噬细胞溶菌酶分泌水平的影响。选取24只1日龄爱拔益加(Arbor Acre )肉仔鸡随机分为免疫抑制处理组和健康肉仔鸡组,分别于14、15和16日龄进行环磷酰胺（cyclophosphamide,CY;80 mg/kg体重）腿肌注射和等体积生理盐水腿肌注射。巨噬细胞体外培养试验采用含不同浓度（0、25、50和100 μmol/L）c9,t11-CLA、t10,c12-CLA或1︰1的混合物（CLA混合物）。结果表明,t10,c12-CLA可减缓CY对巨噬细胞溶菌酶合成和分泌的抑制作用。添加高剂量的t10,c12-CLA效果好于低剂量添加。c9,t11-CLA对巨噬细胞溶菌酶的分泌无明显影响。     

不同能量水平对羊生产性能及激素水平的影响

选用山羊和绵羊各21只,研究能量水平对羊采食量(DMI)、日增重(ADG)、饲料转化率(FCR)、胰岛素、生长激素和孕酮浓度的影响。结果表明:绵羊的DMI显著大于山羊的(P<0．05),低能量水平下,绵羊的DMI显著大于山羊的(P<0．05)。绵羊的ADG显著高于山羊的(P<0．05),高能量水平下两种羊的ADG显著高于低能量水平的(P <0．05),FCR在绵羊与山羊之间、不同能量水平之间及互作之间都不显著(P>0．05)。试验前期山羊血清胰岛素水平显著大于绵羊的(P<0．05),在低能量水平下,山羊的血清胰岛素浓度显著高于绵羊的(P<0．05)。试验前期山羊的孕酮水平显著高于绵羊的(P<0．05),高能量水平下的孕酮极显著地高于中、低能量水平下的孕酮(P<0．01),中等能量水平下,山羊的孕酮浓度显著高于绵羊的(P<0．05)。     

Lysozyme in calves

Relatively high lysozyme concentrations, depending on age, were recorded from intestinal content, spleen, liver, kidney, lung, lymph nodes, and mucosa of calves. Yet, only minor quantities of lysozyme were found in blood serum or plasma and in granulocytes. Physicochemical characterisation, precipitation, using polyclonal antisera, and crosswise neutralisation of lysis reaction were likely to suggest occurrence of immunological relationship reactions as well as differences between organ lysozymes, on the one hand, and intestinal lysozymes, on the other.     

胸腺肽对雄性小鼠血清激素水平的影响

为探讨胸腺肽对雄性小鼠血清激素水平的影响,采用放射性免疫分析法和生化法测定注射不同剂量胸腺肽1月龄、3月龄雄性小鼠血清中促黄体生成素(LH)、睾酮(T)、促甲状腺激素(TSH)、胰岛素(INS)和血糖水平.结果显示,1月龄雄性小鼠注射胸腺肽后LH和T水平均升高,其中高剂量组显著升高(P<0.05);TSH水平升高,其中...     

糖肽酮萜素对蛋鸡生产性能和血液激素水平的影响

选用210日龄海兰褐蛋鸡400只,随机分为两组:对照组(饲喂基础日粮)和试验组(饲喂基础日粮+300 mg/kg糖肽酮萜素),每组4个重复,每个重复50只.试验期为60d.结果表明:试验组产蛋率及料蛋比较对照组均有明显改善(P＜0.05),改善幅度分别达到7.44％5.73％;同时,试验组的血清中腺垂体释放促卵泡成熟素(FSH)、促黄体生成素(LH)、三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)、四碘甲状腺原氨酸(T4)和孕酮(P4)含量较对照组分别提高20.25％、15.06％、24.24％、26.43％、16.42％,均达到显著水平(P＜0.05),说明糖肽酮萜素可能通过调控血液激素水平而提高产蛋鸡生产性能.     

Serum and Plasma Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Levels in Various Cat Populations

Introduction:  Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the most important mediators of angiogenesis. Elevated levels within tumors, and in serum, plasma, and tumor effusion have been correlated with the development of metastatic disease, recurrence, and poor prognosis in many tumors in humans. Canine VEGF has been sequenced as homologous with the human form, and elevated serum and plasma VEGF have been found in dogs with hemangiosarcoma. Feline VEGF has also been sequenced, and shares homology with the human and canine forms.
Materials and Methods:  Stored serum and plasma samples from normal cats, cats with various neoplasms, and cats with non‐neoplastic disease were evaluated with a commercial ELISA kit (R&D Systems, Minneapolis MN). Samples were run in duplicate, and a standard curve was performed for each plate. The data were analyzed for differences between populations, and between serum and plasma levels in the same patient to determine the optimal sample for evaluating VEGF in cats.
Results:  In seven apparently healthy cats mean plasma VEGF was 95.6 pg/mL. In non‐neoplastic disease (7 cases), mean plasma VEGF was 117.3 pg/mL and mean serum VEGF level was 219.7 pg/mL. In ten tumor‐bearing patients mean plasma VEGF was 247.1 pg/mL, and mean serum VEGF was 322.3 pg/mL. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference between mean serum and plasma VEGF concentrations within each group or between groups (p > 0.05).
Discussion:  Serum and plasma VEGF levels could not be used to distinguish between healthy cats and cats with neoplastic or non‐neoplastic disease.     

Serum Levels of 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol and 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol in Dogs with Hypercalcaemia

1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25-(OH)2-D3) and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH-D3) were measured among dogs with hypercalcaemia (total serum calcium > 3.01 mmol/L) due to various causes. All values were compared to those of healthy control dogs. Serum 1,25-(OH)]2-D3 was measured by a radioimmunoassay test and serum 25-OH-D3 was measured by a protein binding assay. 1,25-(OH)2-D3 ranged from 26 to 332 pmol/L (median 110.0) in dogs with lymphoma (n = 12); from 61 to 398 pmol/L (median 248.0) in dogs with primary hyperparathyreoidism (n = 5); from 28 to 310 pmol/L (median 88.5) in dogs with chronic renal failure (n = 10); and from 60 to 239 pmol/L (median 157.5) in control dogs (n = 24). There was no significant difference in 1,25-(OH)2-D3 among dogs with different causes of hypercalcaemia. 25-OH-D3 ranged from 64 to 291 nmol/L (median 101.5) in dogs with lymphoma; from 66 to 298 nmol/L (median 91.0) in dogs with primary hyperparathyreoidism; from 35 to 184 nmol/L (median 67.0) in dogs with chronic renal failure; and from 48 to 350 nmol/L (median 306.5) in control dogs. 25-OH-D3 was significantly lower in dogs with lymphoma, primary hyperparathyroidism and chronic renal failure than in control dogs. 1,25-(OH)2-D3 and 25-OH-D3 are not predictable in dogs with hypercalcaemia.     

奶水牛血清和卵泡液中瘦素水平的相关性研究

瘦素(leptin)是一种主要由脂肪细胞分泌的多肽类激素,对能量代谢、繁殖以及免疫功能均具有重要的调节功能,然而对水牛血清与卵泡液中瘦素水平及其两者间的相关性知之甚少.选取广西某屠宰场奶水牛44头,屠宰前采血分离血清,屠宰后收集卵巢,送实验室抽取直径8 mm以上卵泡的卵泡液.选取符合卵泡期水牛34头,对44份血清和34份卵泡液中的瘦素水平进行测定,发现平均血清瘦素水平(X±SD)为2.07 ng/mL±0.68 ng/mL,平均卵泡液瘦素水平为0.69 ng/mL±0.34 ng/mL.相关性研究发现,34头水牛的血清瘦素水平和卵泡液瘦素水平之间存在着显著的相关性(r=0.438,P＜0.01).     

半胱胺对奶牛生产性能及血清激素水平的影响

选择 3 2头泌乳母牛 ,随机分为 4组 ,每组 8头 ,饲养 47天。在各组奶牛精料中按每天每头分别添加 0、2 0、3 0、40g半胱胺添加剂CT -2 0 0 0。结果表明 :①精料中添加半胱胺显著提高奶牛产奶量 5 0 1% ,降低料奶比 (P <0 0 5 ) ,对精料采食量无显著影响 (P >0 0 5 ) ;②添加半胱胺有提高无脂固形物、乳脂与乳糖趋势 ,但差异不显著 (P >0 0 5 ) ;③添加半胱胺添加剂 2 0g、3 0g与 40g可分别显著 (P <0 0 5 )提高血清胰岛素水平 19 82 %、2 3 73 %与 3 0 0 0 % (P <0 0 1) ,但对血清中T3 、T4有降低趋势 (P >0 0 5 ) ;④精料中每日每头添加 2 0gCT -2 0 0 0较 3 0g与 40g剂量对提高奶牛生产性能效果更佳。     

镉对雌性生长猪血清性腺激素水平的影响

本试验以“杜长大”三元杂交猪为研究对象,研究了重金属镉对雌性生长猪血清性腺激素水平的影响。将48头体重27 kg左右的“杜长大”母猪按要求分成2组,每组3个重复,每个重复8头,分别饲喂不添加或添加10.0 mg/kg镉的饲粮。试验期83 d。饲养试验结束后,随机从各组的每个重复中选体重相近的猪各2头,共12头,进行屠宰。结果表明:添加10.0 mg/kg镉显著(P<0.05)降低猪的日增重18.6%、日采食量4.0%和饲料转化效率15.1%。使血清雌二醇,孕酮,卵泡刺激素,黄体生成素水平分别显著(P<0.05)降低了10.1%,36.7%,39.3%和16.6%。     

Transmission of Walleye Dermal Sarcoma and Lymphocystis via Waterborne Exposure

Abstract

A study was conducted to determine if walleye dermal sarcoma could be experimentally transmitted by waterborne exposure of tumor-free walleyes Stizostedion vitreum to tumor-positive walleyes by cohabitation. Uninfected walleyes were placed in a common raceway with tumor-positive fish for either 5 or 15 d. Direct contact between the two groups of fish was prevented by two screen barriers. The exposed fish were then maintained in the laboratory for a total of 20 weeks. Walleye dermal sarcoma developed in 89% and 71% of the fish exposed for 5 and 15 d, respectively. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in incidence of tumors between the two groups of fish exposed for different lengths of time.