日粮维生素A对雏鸡免疫应答的影响

本研究测定了日粮中添加0－12.8μg/g维生素A（VA）时，雏鸡20－35d对β－酷蛋白抗原刺激时特异抗体生成水平及T淋巴细胞增殖活性。结果显示，日粮中未添加VA时，T细胞增殖活性和对抗原刺激的特异抗体生成水平都显著低于添加VA组（P＜0.01）。添加VA各组的T细胞增殖活性与抗体水平与日粮中VA含量呈曲线相关（P＜0.01）。且随着VA含量的升高T细胞增殖活性与抗体生成也逐渐升高，当含量为6.4μg/g时，其水平达到最高，而VA高于此水平时，其反应呈下降趋势。日粮中添加6－7μg/g VA，可使雏鸡的体液免疫和细胞免疫活性达到最高，对提高鸡体发育和抗感染能力具有重要意义。     

Dietary Lutein Influences Immune Response in Laying Hens

Lutein, a xanthophyll carotenoid, has been proposed as a potential candidate for the prevention of numerous diseases in human. Because lutein content in eggs is directly correlated with the lutein content in hen diets, there is interest in producing a lutein-enriched designer egg. Evidence in several species also suggests direct effects of lutein on the immune response. Because flaxseed is commonly used in layer diets, we investigated the potential effects of dietary lutein supplementation with or without flaxseed supplementation on phytohemagglutinin P (PHA-P)-induced cutaneous hypersensitivity and on antibody response to infectious bronchitis vaccination in layers. No significant effect was observed on cutaneous hypersensitivity to PHA-P, but dietary lutein significantly boosted the secondary antibody response to infectious bronchitis vaccination. Flaxseed supplementation alone did not significantly affect the parameters studied. However, reduced lutein effect was observed when lutein was combined with flaxseed. In conclusion, dietary lutein stimulates the antibody response to infectious bronchitis virus vaccination. Thus, in addition to producing designer eggs, lutein supplementation also likely benefits the health of the flock by increasing the efficacy of vaccination.     

日粮营养素对水产动物免疫机能的影晌

现代营养学证明,水产动物营养与免疫关系密切,营养因素在水产动物免疫方面有着不可忽视的作用.本文主要介绍了日粮中主要营养物质如蛋白质、脂肪、维生素及矿物质等对水产动物免疫机能的影响.     

蜂胶非特异性免疫调节作用的研究进展

综述了国内外蜂胶对非特异性免疫系统的作用及其机理的研究进展,探讨了蜂胶对非特异性免疫反应中各种细胞以及相关免疫介质的影响.研究结果表明:蜂胶能有效提高巨噬细胞、自然杀伤细胞和多形核粒细胞的活性,调节细胞因子的分泌和免疫细胞的增殖,降低巨噬细胞氧化应激反应.     

不同剂量纳米氧化铜对肉鸡免疫功能的影响

将180只1日龄健康AA肉仔鸡随机分为6组,每组设3个重复,第1、2、4、6组分别以硫酸铜、氧化铜、纳米氧化铜、纳米铜的形式在基础日粮中添加铜8mg/kg,3组和5组以纳米氧化铜形式在基础日粮中分别添加铜4mg/kg和16mg/kg,研究不同剂量纳米氧化铜对肉鸡免疫功能的影响.结果表明,与硫酸铜、氧化铜组相比,在饲料中以纳米氧化铜形式添加铜8mg/kg和16mg/kg,显著提高肉鸡免疫器官指数、新城疫抗体效价、淋巴细胞转化率和白细胞介素-2(IL-2)活性,以纳米氧化铜形式添加铜4mg/kg未引起机体免疫低下.由此可见,与硫酸铜相比,日粮中添加纳米氧化铜可提高肉鸡免疫功能.     

大豆黄酮对产蛋鸡免疫功能的影响

选用 1 4 4只体况良好、产蛋率、体重相近的 5 0周龄海兰褐产蛋鸡 ,随机分成 4组 ,每组设 4个重复 ,每个重复 9只鸡。以玉米 豆粕 杂粕型日粮为基础日粮 ,对照组饲喂基础日粮 ,各试验组分别在基础日粮中添加 1 0 ,2 0 ,3 0mg/kg大豆黄酮。试验结束时测定T淋巴细胞数量和ND HI抗体滴度 ,并计算免疫器官指数。试验结果表明 ,2 0mg/kg大豆黄酮组显著提高产蛋鸡的脾脏指数 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,并提高产蛋鸡ND HI抗体滴度和E玫瑰花环百分率(P >0 .0 5 ) ;3 0mg/kg大豆黄酮组显著提高产蛋鸡ND HI抗体滴度 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,并提高产蛋鸡的脾脏指数和E玫瑰花环百分率。所以 ,日粮添加大豆黄酮可提高产蛋鸡体液免疫功能 ,对细胞免疫功能有提高趋势     

日粮中添加不同生物制剂对鸡免疫机能的影响

试验通过在日粮中分别添加11种生物制剂,研究其对苏禽黄鸡免疫机能的影响。结果表明:添加生物制剂对苏禽黄鸡的肠道相关指数影响不大,试验组和对照组鸡只的小肠长度和重量指标没有显著差异。对部分免疫器官发育及传染性法氏囊炎、新城疫抗体效价的影响效果不一,就整体而言,表现出一定的正向效应,部分试验组鸡的免疫力改善较明显。而康维素、寡糖宝、好友-508、益生素、抗菌肽、饲用植酸酶6种生物制剂能够较好起到改善肠道内环境,增强机体免疫力作用。     

旋毛虫调节宿主免疫反应的机制

旋毛虫释放的排泄分泌产物（excretory-secretory,ES）对于宿主免疫系统产生了一系列复杂的作用,发挥激活、活化以及抑制等功能影响机体的免疫反应,使其能够逃避宿主主动免疫,从而成功完成寄生过程。在此过程中,旋毛虫诱导的免疫调节机制还可以减轻免疫性疾病、过敏和癌症等疾病的症状。     

Epidermal Tumors on Rainbow Smelt and Atlantic Salmon from Nova Scotia

Abstract

Epidermal tumors on rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax are described in detail for the first time. These tumors apparently progress from small preneoplastic lesions to papillomas, and to carcinomas on some males. These tumors and similar tumors on Atlantic salmon Salmo salar have not been previously reported from Canada. Tumors were found on rainbow smelt mainly in freshwater during the spring spawning run and on Atlantic salmon grilse in freshwater in October, These tumors varied in size and number on each fish. The smaller growths were usually translucent and whitish, with a smooth surface. Some larger tumors were papillomatous and appeared reddened because of increased vascularization. Preneoplastic lesions and papillomas had a thickened epidermis with an intact basement membrane, and most of the cells were enlarged. fn papillomas of rainbow smelt, tumor cells that were not close to papillae were vacuolated, and necrotic regions were present. Carcinomas on the heads of male rainbow smelt had regions of pleomorphic cells which invaded the subepithelial tissues and penetrated the cartilage of the mandible of two specimens found in brackish and seawater. Intranuclear basophilic inclusions suggestive of a viral agent were present in the tumors of both rainbow smelt and Atlantic salmon.     

热应激对鸡免疫应答的影响

用ＩＳＡ蛋雏研究２７～３８℃昼夜节律高温对新城疫（ＮＤ）疫苗和传染性法氏囊病（ＩＢＤ）疫苗活苗免疫后体液免疫反应的影响，结果表明：ＮＤ苗或ＩＢＤ苗免疫后立即产生热应激，不论ＮＤ的ＨＩ抗体水平还是ＥＬＩＳＡ抗ＩＢＤ抗体滴度在整个实验过程中均受到显著抑制（Ｐ＜０．０５）；应激后立即免疫ＮＤ疫苗或ＩＢＤ疫苗的鸡，ＨＩ抗体水平在免疫后第５和１４天和ＥＬＩＳＡ抗体滴度在免疫后第９天和１６天与对照组相比显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）；应激后２４小时免疫，或免疫后２４小时至若干天遭受高温应激的鸡，抗ＮＤ和ＩＢＤ抗体水平分别在免疫后第１４天和１６天均受到显著抑制（Ｐ＜０．０５）。试验组免疫器官与体重之比与对照组间无显著性差异，但免疫器官的组织学结构都有明显的坏死和萎缩性变化     

法氏囊活性肽对兔瘟灭活疫苗免疫效果影响的研究

采用超滤浓缩技术制备纯化的鸡法氏囊活性肽（分子量1kDa以下，主要成分为法氏囊活性肽），以不同的剂量肌肉注射45日龄母兔，同时颈部皮下接种兔瘟灭活疫苗，观察法氏囊活性肽对兔瘟疫苗免疫效果的影响。结果表明：纯化的法氏囊活性肽能够加快兔瘟抗体产生的速度，缩短诱生抗体时间，提高抗体水平，延长抗体维持时间。实验期间，4mL法氏囊活性肽组的兔瘟HI抗体水平比对照组平均高2－3个滴度。淋巴细胞转化试验结果表明：禽法氏囊活性肽可以短暂地促进T－淋巴细胞的活化。因此，法氏囊活性肽主要对体液免疫具有增强作用。     

热应激对鸡新城疫疫苗免疫效果的影响

本试验利用伊莎蛋雏鸡,分别接种新城疫油乳剂灭活苗和Ｎ－７９弱毒苗,油乳剂灭活苗免疫的各试验组抗体滴度稍有下降,与对照组间无明显的差异;Ｎ－７９弱毒苗免疫的各试验组,高温处理２４小时的雏鸡,抗体滴度稍低于对照组,但无明显差异;而高温处理４８小时的各组,抗体滴度均显著低于对照组（ｐ＜０．０５）。     

日粮中不饱和脂肪酸对畜禽免疫影响的研究进展

日粮中的不饱和脂肪酸在一定程度上影响畜禽的免疫反应，本文主要从不饱和脂肪酸对淋巴细胞膜，淋巴细胞增殖，体液免疫，淋巴细胞及免疫器官这五方面的影响作一综述。     

维生素C对蛋鸡部分免疫器官指数及新城疫抗体效价的影响

为了探讨不同剂量维生素C（vitamin C,VC）对蛋鸡免疫机能的影响,将240只体重相近的45日龄罗曼褐壳蛋鸡随机分为A、B、C、D、E 5组,每组4个重复,每个重复12只。A组不进行免疫,日粮中也不添加VC,为对照组,B、C、D、E 4组颈部皮下注射新城疫Ι系疫苗进行免疫,并在该4组日粮中分别添加0、250、500、750 mg/kg的VC,分4周测脾脏、胸腺、法氏囊等免疫器官指数及血清中新城疫HI抗体效价。结果显示,添加VC的C、D、E组,蛋鸡脾脏、胸腺等免疫器官指数均显著（P＜0.05）或极显著（P＜0.01）高于B组,法氏囊指数在第21、28天显著高于B组（P＜0.05）,新城疫HI抗体效价极显著高于B组（P＜0.01）,且以日粮中500 mg/kg的VC添加量效果最好。由此可见,在鸡的日粮中适当添加VC能促进脾脏、胸腺等免疫器官的生长发育,显著增强免疫系统合成分泌抗体的能力,从而提高鸡体的免疫机能。     

维生素C对蛋鸡新城疫免疫性能的影响

本试验将60只体重相近的49日龄海兰褐蛋鸡随机分为A、B、C、D、E组，每组4个重复，每个重复3只。B、C、D、E四组颈部皮下注射Ⅰ系新城疫疫苗进行免疫，分别在B、C、D、E日粮中添加0mg/kg、200mg/kg、400mg/kg、800mg/kg的维生素C，分4周测血清中的HI效价及脾脏、胸腺、法氏囊等脏器指数。结果表明：添加的脾脏、胸腺、法氏囊等脏器指数均高于B组，说明添加维生素C能促进脾脏、胸腺、法氏囊等免疫器官生长发育，进而影响细胞免疫和体液免疫性能。     

低聚异麦芽糖对产蛋鸡生产性能、盲肠微生物和免疫机能的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加低聚异麦芽糖(IMO)对产蛋鸡生产性能、盲肠微生物菌群、机体抗氧化和免疫机能的影响.试验选取600只体重和产蛋率相近的200日龄海兰褐产蛋鸡,随机分成5个处理(饲粮中分别添加0、0.1％、0.2％、0.4％和0.8％的IMO),每个处理6个重复,每个重复20只鸡.试验期8周.结果表明,与对照组相...     

铬对肉仔鸡生长性能、免疫功能和胴体品质的影响

用21日龄Arbor Acress(AA)肉公鸡336只,研究饲粮中添加铬对肉仔鸡生长性能、免疫功能和胴体品质的影响。将试验鸡只共分为8个处理组,分别添加源于氯化铬的铬2．0、4．0、6．0、8.0、10．0、12．0和14．0mg/kg。结果表明:饲粮中添加2．0mg/kg铬显著提高了肉仔鸡胸腺重(P<0．10),降低了腹脂率(P<0．10),4．0、6．0mg/kg铬显著提高了全净膛率(P< 0．10),各试验组显著提高了T淋巴细胞转化率(P<0．10);饲粮中添加铬对其余指标则无显著影响(P>0．10)。     

An Uncommon Presentation of Fungal Infection in Atlantic Salmon Fry

Abstract

Moribund fry from several families of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar had a conspicuous cranial defect that corresponded with 18.3% (SD, 4.5%) mortality of fry. The lesion was characterized by a domed, epithelium-covered swelling centered over the optic tectum. The swelling was an edematous reaction to the extension of a fulminating necrotizing mycotic stomatitis and bronchitis into the cranial tissues including the ventral meninges. An oomycete is believed to be the pathogen. The percentage mortality of fry in each separately reared family ranged from 1.0 to 63.3%. An analysis of variance revealed that the differences in mortality among families were significant (P < 0.0001), and that the difference between replicates of each family, reared apart, were not significant. A possible genetic basis for resistance to fungal infection is discussed.