ICR小鼠胚胎干细胞建系初步研究

实验旨在探讨消化方式和胚胎发育阶段对ICR小鼠胚胎干细胞(ES细胞)建系效率的影响。ICR小鼠3.5 d囊胚在饲养层上贴壁后采用单一酶消化或机械化与酶消化法相结合分离隆起的细胞集落,进行传代培养;然后选择二者中较优消化方式对不同发育时期囊胚所形成的细胞集落进行处理。结果表明:采用机械化与胰酶消化相结合的方式,形成的类ES细胞超过7代的比率(85.0%)要显著高于单一的胰酶消化(15.0%)(P<0.05);当用二者相结合的方式对ICR小鼠3.5 d(早期囊胚)、4.0 d(扩张囊胚)和4.5 d(孵化囊胚)所形成的细胞集落进行消化传代培养,三者在贴壁率和形成原代细胞集落率上均无显著差别(P>0.05),但传代超过7代的效率上早期囊胚和扩张囊胚均高于孵化囊胚(P<0.05)。结果提示,采用机械化与酶消化法相结合更适合于3.5～4.0 d ICR小鼠囊胚的ES细胞建系。     

细粒棘球蚴细胞系(13G-5)细胞代谢抗原的免疫原性和反应原性

应用培育成功的人源细粒棘球蚴细胞系(13G-5)细胞的天然代谢抗原,接种昆明小鼠,于接种后第14天给免疫小鼠接种人源细粒棘球蚴原头节约1 000 个,于200 d 剖检观察有无包囊形成,病理切片鉴定;并用该抗原作为诊断抗原,使用间接血凝(IHA)、琼脂扩散(AGD)试验,检测临床确诊的细粒棘球蚴病人血清。以多房棘球蚴病人血清、细颈囊尾蚴羊血清及正常人血清作为对照。结果表明,该抗原能使60% 的小鼠获得完全抵抗细粒棘球蚴原头节攻击的能力,未完全获得保护的小鼠形成包囊的数量、大小较对照组明显减少,且为不育囊;使用该抗原IHA 检测31 份血清,阳性24 份,阳性率77.42% ,AGD检测30 份血清,阳性13 份,阳性率43.33% ,2 种方法对多房棘球蚴病人血清和细颈囊尾蚴羊血清及正常人血清不起反应。     

家蚕胚胎细胞系(BmE-SWU2)同工酶的研究

以新建的家蚕胚胎细胞系(BmE-SWU2)细胞为材料,应用非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(Active-PAGE)不连续系统,进行α-酯酶(α-EST)、β-酯酶(β-EST)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)的同工酶研究,观察了在建系过程中同工酶的表达情况,比较了BmE-SWU2细胞系与其源胚胎的同工酶差异。结果显示,在第10代和第25代之间,尚未有明显的表达差异。该细胞系和源胚胎同工酶的比较发现,二者的同工酶表达谱具有很高的相似性。     

山羊乳腺上皮细胞的分离、培养与超微结构观察

从山羊乳腺取部分组织进行细胞培养，并通过控时消化分离纯化山羊乳腺上皮细胞，建立了山羊乳腺上皮细胞系。结果表明：用含150U／mL Ⅰ型胶原酶和100U／mL透明质酸酶的混合液，37℃消化组织块4h，可得到大量的分散单细胞用于原代培养，该法是获得山羊乳腺组织单细胞的适宜方法；以含10％胎牛血清和双抗的RP-M11640或DEME／F12培养液为基础液，在培养液中添加氢化考的松、胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)、表皮生长因子(EGF)及胰岛素一转铁蛋白一硒钠(ITS)对山羊乳腺上皮细胞的生长具有较明显的促进作用。上皮细胞显微和超微结构显示：山羊乳腺上皮细胞在体外培养过程中可形成岛屿状单层聚集和类似圆顶状的结构；传代培养到第7代的细胞仍增殖旺盛，细胞内有丰富的脂滴和高尔基小泡，细胞分泌活动旺盛。     

南方型紫花苜蓿耐盐细胞系的筛选及生理特性分析

以NaCl为选择因子,对长期继代培养的紫花苜蓿愈伤组织进行选择,筛选出耐1.2%NaCl的耐盐细胞系并对其进行生理分析,结果表明:耐盐细胞系对逆境的忍受能力高于对照,积累的脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白含量也高于对照,维持着较高的K+/Na+比,在盐分胁迫下能维持较高的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性。     

犬肾（DK）传代细胞中霉形体的分离与鉴定

取经电镜观察证实有霉形体污染的ＤＫ传代细胞，分别接种于霉形体检验用液体、半流体和固体培养基，证明为霉形体混合感染，即该培养物在液体培养基和半流体培养基上，同时显示出水解精氨酸和发酵葡萄糖２种特性，前者使培养基ｐＨ上升，后者使ｐＨ下降。通过反复挑选单个菌落进行克隆传代和有目的地加入单一种属的霉形体抗血清的方法，将混合的２株霉形体纯化分开。经鉴定，一株为精氨酸霉形体，一株为莱氏无（需）胆甾醇霉形体。     

Characterization of Three Continuous Cell Lines from Marine Fish

Abstract

Three continuous cell lines were established: JSKG from gonads of Japanese striped knife jaw Oplegnathus fasciatus, KRE from embryos of a hybrid of kelp Epinephelus moara and red spotted grouper E. akaara, and PAS from the skin of greater amberjack (also called purplish amberjack) Seriola dumerili; these cell lines were passed 60, 89, 120 times, respectively. Although initially cultured in Leibovitz's L-15 medium, two of the cell lines, JSKG and PAS, exhibited optimal growth response in Eagle's minimum essential medium buffered with a combination of tris and sodium bicarbonate. These cell lines were initiated at a higher NaCl concentration of 0.206 M but gradually adapted to the low NaCl concentration of 0.116 M after several subcultures. Optimum growth temperature was 25°C for JSKG and PAS cells, and 30°C for KRE cells. The modal chromosome number is 83 for the JSKG cell line, 92 for the KRE cell line, and 96 for the PAS cell line. Results for efficiency of plating indicate that all three cell lines are composed of transformed cells. Cell lines JSKG and PAS are susceptible to nine fish viruses, including channel catfish virus (CCV) and chum salmon virus (CSV). The KRE cell line is susceptible to CCV and fish rhabdoviruses of the vesiculovirus group. None of the cells showed cytopathic effect for Oncorhynchus masou virus (OMV) or Herpesvirus salmonis. Yields of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV), infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), hirame rhabdovirus (HRV), and CSV were relatively low in these cell lines.     

In Vitro Development of Marbled Cat Embryos Derived from Interspecies Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer

The objective of the study was to investigate interspecies Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (iSCNT) techniques in marbled cats (Pardofelis marmorata), using domestic cat and rabbit oocytes as the recipient cytoplasm. The recipient oocytes were obtained from ovariohysterectomized cats and superovulated rabbits. The donor cells were collected from a male marbled cat that had died in captivity. Experiment 1 was conducted to observe the development of cloned marbled cat embryos (marbled cat donor cells-domestic cat oocytes; MC-DC), derived from oocytes matured for 24, 36 and 42 h. The result showed that the developmental rates of MC-DC cloned embryos at the 4-8 cell and the morula stages derived from oocytes cultured for 24 h were significantly greater than those cultured for 36 and 42 h (p < 0.05). Experiment 2 was conducted to compare the fusion rate of MC-DC couplets, fused by inducing different fusion voltages, 2.1 or 2.4 kV/cm. The result showed that there was no difference in fusion efficiency between the 2.1 and 2.4 kV/cm fusion protocols. Experiment 3 was conducted to compare the developmental rate of MC-DC and domestic cat (DC-DC) cloned embryos. In vitro fertilized cat embryos served as a control. The development of MC-DC and DC-DC cloned embryos to the 4- to 8-cell, morula and blastocyst stages was not significantly different. However, the development rates at morula and blastocyst stages of control were significantly greater than those of cloned embryos (p < 0.05). Experiment 4 rabbit (RB) oocytes were used as a recipient cytoplasm for marbled cat and domestic cat cloned embryos (MC- RB and DC-RB). RB-RB cloned embryos served as a control. There were no differences in the developmental rates between MC-RB, DC-RB and RB-RB embryos. In conclusion, marbled cat fibroblast cells can be reprogrammed in domestic cat and rabbit oocytes, and by using iSCNT it might be possible to produce marbled cat offspring in the future.     

OCT4 Expression in Outgrowth Colonies Derived from Porcine Inner Cell Masses and Epiblasts

The present study was conducted to test different methods for porcine inner cell mass (ICM) and epiblast isolation and to evaluate the morphology and expression of pluripotency genes in ICM‐ and epiblast‐derived outgrowth colonies (OCs) and passages thereof with particular attention on the relationship between OCT4 expression and embryonic stem cell (ESC)‐like morphology. A total of 104 zona pellucida‐enclosed and 101 hatched blastocysts were subjected to four different methods of ICM and epiblast isolation, respectively: Manual isolation, immunosurgery, immunosurgery with manual cleaning, or whole blastocyst culture. OCs were established on mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells and categorized according to morphology and OCT4 staining. Although all isolation methods resulted in ESC‐like OCs, immunosurgery with manual cleaning yielded significantly higher rates of ICM/epiblast attachment and subsequent ESC‐like morphology, whereas no significant difference was found between ICM and epiblasts with respect to these characteristics. All ESC‐like OCs showed nuclear OCT4 staining and expression of OCT4, NANOG and SOX2 as evaluated by RT‐PCR. Upon initial passages, the expression of pluripotency markers was, however, gradually lost in spite of maintained ESC‐like morphology. In conclusion, we have established a robust system for derivation of ESC‐like OCs from porcine ICM and epiblasts and we have shown that localization of OCT4 is associated with an ESC‐like morphology although this relationship is lost during early passages.     

马身猪耳缘组织成纤维细胞的体外培养与鉴定

为研究马身猪体细胞的生物学特性,试验以3日龄马身猪耳缘组织为材料,采用组织块贴壁法建立马身猪耳缘组织成纤维细胞系,并对体外获得的细胞系进行生物学特性检测。结果表明,获得的马身猪耳缘组织成纤维细胞系符合成纤维细胞的基本特征,细胞贴壁生长,呈典型的梭形、星形和多边形,细胞汇合成单层的时间为10~13 d,生长曲线呈S型,中期染色体二倍体（2n=38）占主体,约占细胞总数的84%,符合细胞建系的要求;脂质体（Lipofectamine^TM 2000）转染绿色荧光蛋白质粒（pEGFP-C1）的转染效率为25%。马身猪耳缘组织成纤维细胞系的成功建立为地方猪种遗传资源的保护开辟了新的方法。     

In vitro Culture and Identification of Ear Marginal Fibroblast Cell Lines Derived from Mashen Pigs

In order to study the biological characteristics of somatic cells of Mashen pig, the ear marginal fibroblast cell lines of Mashen pig were established from 3 days old Mashen pig by direct explant method,and the biological characteristics of cell lines were detected. The results showed that the cell lines obtained from Mashen pig were in conformity with basic properties of typical fibroblasts, the shape of adherent cells were typical spindle, star and polygon, the time of grew into monolayer cells was 10 to 13 d, the growth curve was typical S shaped. The frequency of metaphase chromosome number (2n=38) was about 84% of the total number of cells, and it had met the establishment standard of fibroblast cell line. The transfection efficiency of green fluorescent protein(pEGFP-C1)transfected by lipofectamine-mediated method was 25%. The successful establishment of the fibroblast cell lines of Mashen pig had opened up a new method for the conservation of genetic resources.     

植酸酶转基因猪成纤维细胞系的构建

本研究旨在获得对胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶具有耐受性的植酸酶转基因猪成纤维细胞系.本研究首先检测了转植酸酶基因的酵母发酵液分别经不同浓度、pH2.0的胃蛋白酶和不同浓度、pH7.0的胰蛋白酶处理后的酶活残余量;然后采用流式细胞术筛选了慢病毒转染的阳性猪成纤维细胞,并进行鉴定.结果表明,酵母粗酶液经胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶处理后,残留酶活分别保持在70％和80％以上;包装后的慢病毒滴度为3.75×107,经流式细胞术筛选的转基因细胞阳性率为1.2％,PCR和RT-PCR结果表明,植酸酶基因已整合到基因组上,且该基因在转录水平上表达.本研究为制备植酸酶转基因细胞系提供了一种快速有效的方法,为转基因猪的培育奠定了基础.     

鸭源禽流感病毒的分离和鉴定

从南京鸡鸭加工厂、孝陵卫鸭场及迈皋桥鸭场共采制１１３个泄殖腔拭子,用鸡胚尿囊腔接种传代法分离到４株禽流感病毒（ＡＩＶ）,每个样品均有ＮＤＶ混感。纯化后的分离株利用电镜负染技术观察到典型的ＡＩＶ粒子。琼扩试验证明４个分离株均为Ａ型流感病毒。经血凝素亚型分析,４株均属于Ｈ９亚型。致病性试验结果表明,４株鸭源禽流感病毒对鸡均表现为较低的致病力。本研究提示环境（特别是水体）保毒是ＡＩＶ得以长期存在和传播的重要因素和媒介。     

Establishment and Characterization of Seven Continuous Cell Lines from Freshwater Fish

Abstract

Seven continuous cell lines were established from salmonid and nonsalmonid fishes. Salmonid cell lines derived from rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and chum salmon O. keta were designated RTE and RTE-2 (rainbow trout embryo), RTT (rainbow trout tail), and SEH (“sake” or chum salmon embryo head). Nonsalmonid cell lines derived from pond smelt Hypomesus olidus, chevron snakehead Channa striata, and goldfish Carassius auratus were designated WF-1 (“wakasagi” fin), SHH (snakehead heart), and EPG (epithelioma papulosum of goldfish), respectively. Optimum growth for most of the cell lines was observed in Eagle's minimum essential medium buffered with sodium bicarbonate (26 mM) or a combination of sodium bicarbonate (8.9 mM) and tris (16 mM). Likewise, most of the cell lines showed optimum growth at the lowest NaCl concentration tested (0.116 M). Optimum growth temperatures ranged from 15 to 20°C for the salmonid cell lines and from 15 to 30°C for nonsalmonid cell lines. Except for RTT, the cell lines were heteroploid. Eleven fish viruses were used to test the susceptibility of these cell lines. Cell lines derived from salmonids developed cytopathic effects (CPE) when infected with 10 of the 11 fish viruses tested, except for RTT, which produced CPE with only 8 of the fish viruses. Six fish rhabdoviruses used in this study elicited a pronounced CPE when inoculated into nonsalmonid cell lines EPG, WF-1, and SHH. Among the new cell lines, RTE-2 showed the best potential for the isolation of fish viruses.     

稳定表达PRRSV N蛋白的Marc-145细胞系的构建

为了构建稳定表达猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)N蛋白的Marc-145细胞系,以PRRSV全长感染性克隆为模板,通过PCR方法扩增PRRSV N基因,将N基因克隆到慢病毒载体中,获得重组质粒pLenti-CMV-N,利用三质粒慢病毒包装系统转染293T细胞,包装成表达N蛋白的慢病毒颗粒,将慢病毒颗粒转导至Marc...     

北京油鸡胚胎成纤维细胞系建立与生物学特性研究

采取组织块直接培养法，对北京油鸡胚胎组织进行原代和继代培养，成功地建立了成纤维细胞系。并对培养细胞进行了形态学、细胞生长动力学观察，以及核型和乳酸脱氢酶、苹果酸脱氢酶的同工酶分析。结果表明，该细胞系的群体倍增时间(PDT)为24h；细胞染色体中二倍体占主体，为76％～88％；乳酸脱氢酶、苹果酸脱氢酶同工酶电泳图谱与本室其它细胞系有明显差别；细菌、真菌、病毒、支原体检测呈阴性。该细胞系的建立，使北京油鸡这一国家重要种质资源在细胞水平上保存下来，也为基因组文库和体细胞克隆等研究提供了理想的生物材料。     

Isolation and Partial Characterization of Extracellular Proteases Produced by Isolates of Flavobacterium columnare Derived from Channel Catfish

Abstract

Proteases of 23 isolates of Flavobacterium columnare derived primarily from channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus raised in the southeastern United States were isolated and partially characterized. The bacterial isolates were divided into two groups according to the apparent molecular masses of proteases after zymographic resolution by nonreducing, nondenaturing sodium dodccyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE) with gelatin as the protease substrate. The 15 isolates in group 1 had two proteases with apparent molecular masses of 58 and 53.5 kilodaltons (kDa). Eight group-2 isolates produced three proteases with apparent molecular masses of 59.5, 48, and 44.5 kDa. Culture medium had an effect on the amount of protease produced by F. columnare LA 88–173. More protease was produced in a medium with low nutrients and salt (Ordal's medium) than in media with higher concentrations of nutrients or salts (TYES, Hsu-Shotts, modified Shieh's media). No differences were observed in the apparent molecular masses of the two proteases of F. columnare LA 88–173 produced in the various media or with different incubation times. Two proteases with apparent molecular masses of 58 and 53.5 kDa were seen as early as I d after inoculation, and these molecular masses did not change during the 7-d experiment. A sharp increase in protease production occurred during the first 24 h of incubation with minimal increase during the remaining 7 d of the experiment. All 23 isolates of F. columnare degraded the gelatin and casein incorporated into TYES agar medium but only 7 of the 23 isolates degraded elastin.     

永生化绵羊瘤胃成纤维细胞系的建立

[目的]建立永生化绵羊瘤胃成纤维细胞系,为基础研究和动物病毒的研究提供稳定的体外细胞模型。[方法]采用组织块贴壁法培养绵羊瘤胃成纤维细胞（ovine ruminal fibroblasts cells,ORFCs）,利用PEI试剂将带有hTERT基因的pCI-neo-hTERT质粒转染ORFCs,经G418筛选得到阳性克隆细胞。采用RT-PCR、Western Blot检测F₁₅和F₃₅代阳性克隆细胞的hTERT基因的转录和表达情况;利用血球计数法绘制原代ORFCs和F₃₅代阳性克隆细胞的生长曲线比较其增殖能力。[结果]将hTERT基因成功转入ORFCs并稳定表达;阳性克隆细胞的增殖能力显著高于原代ORFCs。[结论]该试验成功建立了永生化绵羊瘤胃成纤维细胞系。     

晋中绵羊耳成纤维细胞系建立

以晋中绵羊耳缘组织为材料,采用组织块贴壁培养法,通过原代培养和传代培养对细胞进行了细胞形态学观察、细胞计数和生长曲线的绘制,探讨了细胞体外培养模式.结果:细胞生长总体趋势呈“S”型;建立了晋中绵羊耳成纤维细胞系,细胞系的建立,使晋中绵羊的重要种质资源在细胞水平上保存下来.