饲料中添加小肽对星斑川鲽幼鱼生长性能、体组成及血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲料中添加小肽对星斑川鲽幼鱼生长性能、体组成及血清生化指标的影响。选取平均体重为(15.30±0.03)g的星斑川鲽幼鱼540尾,随机分为6组,分别投喂添加0(对照组)、0.25%、0.50%、0.75%、1.00%和1.50%小肽的试验饲料。每组3个重复,每个重复30尾鱼,试验期为8周。结果表明:1)0.75%和1.00%添加组的增重率、摄食率、特定生长率和蛋白质效率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);各添加组的饲料系数均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。2)全鱼粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、水分和灰分含量各组之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。随小肽添加量的提高,背肌的粗脂肪含量先下降后上升,除0.25%添加组外的其他各添加组均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);1.00%和1.50%添加组的背肌粗蛋白质含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05);背肌水分和灰分含量各组之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。3)0.50%添加组的血清总胆固醇含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05);各添加组的血清甘油三酯含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05);1.00%添加组的血清总蛋白和球蛋白含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05);血清白蛋白含量各组之间差异不显著(P>0.05);各添加组的血清溶菌酶活性均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),以1.00%添加组为最高;1.00%添加组的血清过氧化氢酶活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05),血清丙二醛含量则显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。由此得出,饲料中添加适量的小肽可有效提高星斑川鲽幼鱼的生长性能,促进脂肪代谢,增强机体免疫及抗氧化能力。本试验条件下,0.93%～1.00%为小肽的适宜添加量。     

赤点石斑鱼血清与皮肤黏液的SDS-PAGE蛋白电泳分析

以正常生活状态下的非免疫赤点石斑鱼(Epinephelus akaara)为材料,采用SDS-PAGE蛋白电泳技术,分析和比较了全血清和皮肤黏液中的蛋白区带数。结果表明:赤点石斑鱼血清与皮肤黏液蛋白图谱不完全相同,其中相同的蛋白区带数为9条,血清中特有蛋白带为16条,皮肤黏液中特有蛋白带为10条。计算机辅助分析蛋白图谱,结果提示:赤点石斑鱼血清及皮肤黏液中免疫球蛋白(Ig)的轻链大小为25.0 ku,重链为73.2 ku。该试验为进一步研究赤点石斑鱼皮肤黏液Ig的理化性质奠定基础。     

苹果粕生物活性饲料的研制及饲喂奶牛试验

以苹果渣为基质，经微生物发酵工程，营养与免疫强化技术及特殊的工艺加工，制成生活活性饲料颗粒产品，本品符合国家规定的各项饲料标准，且营养丰富（CP≥13％，CF≤17％），适口性好，兼有酵母培养物及微生态制剂添加物的许多特性，饲喂试验表明，用本品4kg替代甜菜粕或其它瓣试验一组或二组，比对照分别日增奶1．89或1．91kg；且乳脂率，乳蛋白率和乳总固体均有改善，分别比对照组头年增利1498元或1196元，同时期内试验组比对照组牛的发病率明显为低（26头日对131头日）。     

樗白皮活性成分对结肠炎模型小鼠血清相关炎性因子的影响

以2,4-二硝基氯苯(DNCB)致小鼠结肠炎模型为研究对象,探讨了樗白皮活性成分对小鼠血清中NO含量和NOS活性的影响。小鼠分成4组(即对照组、预防组、治疗组、模型组)。模型组用DNCB-丙酮-橄榄油制剂先腹部涂抹致敏再进行DNCB-乙醇溶液灌肠;预防组和治疗组分别在制模前、后进行药物灌胃;对照组以乙醇灌肠和生理盐水灌胃。利用比色法对各组动物血清NO含量和NOS活性进行测定。结果,预防组与治疗组NO含量较模型组和对照组显著降低(p<0.001,p<0.01),预防组与治疗组间无差异显著性;预防组、治疗组NOS活性较模型组显著降低(p<0.01),但与对照组间无差异显著性。结论,樗白皮活性成分对机体NO和NOS具有调节作用,在结肠炎时能促进机体清除NO含量和下调NOS的活性,对于药物所致的小鼠结肠炎有缓解作用。     

感染传染性支气管炎病毒后雏鸡血液中一氧化氮合酶和一氧化氮的动态观察

80只14日龄SPF鸡随机均分为实验组和对照组，实验组用鸡传染性支气管炎病毒M41株人工感染，感染后1、3、5、7、11、15天分别测定感染组及对照组血清中一氧化氮合酶(NOS)和一氧化氮(NO)的含量，研究NO在鸡传染性支气管炎发病过程中的作用。结果表明：实验组血清NOS含量自攻毒后第3天上升，一直持续至鸡群恢复期，但与对照组无显著差异。实验组血清NO含量在攻毒后第3天也开始上升，攻毒后第5、7、11天血清NO含量显著高于对照组，此后血清中NO含量上升趋势有所减缓。提示NO可能参与调节了传染性支气管炎的发生发展过程。     

鸡感染REV和ALV-J后血清指标动态变化的研究

研究禽网状内皮组织增生症病毒(REV)、禽J亚群白血病病毒(ALV-J)感染及混合感染引起血清指标动态变化与鸡群体重抑制的关系.3组1日龄哈伯德父母代肉种鸡,分别接种REV、LV-J和REV与ALV-J.定期称量体重,采外周静脉血,通过生化自动分析仪检测鸡血清中总蛋白(TP)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-c)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-c)、甘油三酯(TG)、胆固醇(CHO)的动态变化.结果表明,前7周,血清学指标TP、TG、LDL-c浓度变化与生长抑制的变化呈现相关性,随体重的增加,TP、TG、LDL-c浓度有上升的趋势,HDL-c、CHO浓度变化与体重的变化无相关性.因此,检测7周内的血清TP、TG、LDL-c浓度的动态变化与鸡群体重抑制的关系可作为这两种肿瘤性疾病早期诊断的依据.     

SPF鸡感染网状内皮组织增生症病毒后血清和卵黄的抗体反应相关性比较

为进一步研究采用卵黄抗体检测代替血清抗体检测的可行性,采用已建立的卵黄抗体ELISA检测方法,比较同一时期卵黄抗体与血清抗体的相关性。人工感染23周龄无特定病原体（SPF）鸡,每周采集全血分离血清,每天收集种蛋,ELISA方法检测血清、种蛋中的REV抗体,并进行比较,结果表明：攻毒后第2周开始血清抗体和卵黄抗体呈阳性,并达到峰值,之后抗体水平缓慢下降,两者具有相似的消长规律;对同一时期的卵黄抗体和血清抗体S/P比值进行统计学比较,P值小于0.05,相关系数为0.931,表明两者差异性不显著,相关性很好;阴阳性符合率比较,阳性符合率为97.8%,阴性符合率为100%,总体符合率为98.4%,阴阳性复合率很高。试验证明,同一时期的卵黄抗体和血清抗体的相关性很好,可用卵黄抗体检测方法代替血清抗体检测,从而为监测SPF鸡群感染REV提供新的技术手段。     

抑制素主动免疫提高山羊排卵率

将８只关中奶山羊（白羊）和８只山东青山羊（青羊）分为２组,每组含有白羊和青羊各４只。试验组山羊以抑制素α亚单位１～３２片段人血清白蛋白偶合物为抗原进行主动免疫,对照组山羊则以人血清白蛋白为抗原进行免疫。３次免疫注射时间间隔分别为２０ｄ和３０ｄ。在末次免疫注射后１个月和２个月时,用腹腔镜检查试验羊卵巢上的黄体数。试验组白羊和青羊平均每只羊分别有１．８个黄体和２．４个黄体,对照组分别有１．６个黄体和２．２个黄体,说明抑制素主动免疫可以提高山羊的排卵率。     

浅析英语写作中的汉语干扰因素及应对之策

随着社会的不断进步和发展,英语学习的重要性更加明显了。英语的四项基本技能——听、说、读、写之一的写作,能够体现出一个人的英语综合素质。文章中列举了学生在英语写作中常出现的典型错误,分析了由于汉语干扰而使学生词不达意的原因,并针对这些错误,提出了避免错误的应对之策。     

Enzootic Pneumonia of Pigs: Complement-Fixation Tests for the Detection of Mycoplasma Antibodies in the Serum of Immunized Rabbits and Infected Swine

The direct, the modified direct and the indirect complement-fixation tests were investigated as methods for the detection of antibodies for the enzootic pneumonia mycoplasma and for Mycoplasma hyorhinis in the serum of infected pigs and of immunized rabbits.

Only the modified direct complement-fixation test in which the guinea-pig complement is supplemented with fresh, normal unheated calf serum was suitable for the detection of mycoplasma antibodies in sera of infected swine. Based on the close correlation between the production of typical lung lesions in experimentally infected pigs and the appearance of significant serum antibody titres, the modified direct complement-fixation test provides for the first time a sensitive, specific in vitro method for the detection of enzootic pneumonia in the live pig. This test also permitted the in vitro differentiation of the mycoplasma causing enzootic pneumonia from M. hyorhinis which causes polyserositis.

Antibodies in the sera of rabbits were demonstrable by the ordinary direct complement-fixation test. However, in contast to the observation made with swine sera, only a slight quantitative antigenic difference between the enzootic pneumonia mycoplasma and M. hyorhinis was seen when the tests were performed with rabbit serum antibodiies.

     

Effects of Practices Related to Catch-and-Release Angling on Mortality and Viral Transmission in Juvenile Largemouth Bass Infected with Largemouth Bass Virus

Abstract

Largemouth bass virus (LMBV; family Iridoviridae) has recently emerged as a causative agent in fish kills of largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides. Little is known about how the virus is transmitted or what factors predispose fish to mortality subsequent to infection. Concern has nevertheless arisen that activities related to recreational angling may affect transmission dynamics and may alter the susceptibility of infected fish to clinical disease. This study examined the separate effects of two angling-related factors on the susceptibility of juvenile largemouth bass to mortality from LMBV infection and on the transmission of LMBV from infected to uninfected fish. The first factor was hook-and-line angling. Infected fish that underwent a simulated angling treatment did not experience higher mortality or have higher viral loads in their tissues than those that were not angled. The second factor was direct contact between infected and uninfected fish, as would occur in live wells and holding tanks. The LMBV was transmitted from infected to uninfected fish through water, even when direct contact was prevented. Transmission of LMBV between infected and uninfected fish separated by a fenestrated barrier was nearly as efficient as LMBV transmission between infected and uninfected fish that were allowed direct contact. These results imply that angling itself may have only minimal effects on the survival of largemouth bass infected with LMBV but that angling-related practices that place infected and uninfected fish together in a limited water volume may facilitate viral transmission. Partitioning or cooling of live wells and holding tanks, as well as limiting their use, could reduce LMBV-associated mortality and viral transmission.     

胆囊收缩素主动免疫产蛋鸡的营养生理效应研究

用胆囊收缩素(CCK)主动免疫产蛋鸡，研究产蛋鸡血清和卵黄中CCK特异性抗体的产生规律及不同CCK免疫剂量对产蛋鸡生产性能和胰腺、胆囊发育及内分泌激素的影响。结果显示：用CCK-8主动免疫产蛋鸡，可以提高血清和卵黄CCK抗体水平，降低血液中CCK水平；CCK抗体的产生量在第1次加强免疫后即可接近高峰，第2、第3次加强免疫可维持较高的抗体水平。CCK主动免疫产蛋鸡后，对蛋鸡胰腺、胆囊发育、胰蛋白含量以及蛋鸡体内的生长激素、胰岛素和瘦素水平均没有显著影响，同时对蛋鸡采食量和料蛋比等生产性能也没有显著影响。用CCK主动免疫产蛋鸡，在不影响蛋鸡正常生理功能的同时，可以获得含特异性CCK抗体的卵黄。     

应用Nested—PCR技术检测人工感染绵羊蓝舌病病毒

实验采用6只绵羊分成3组,一组作为对照接种BHK21细胞上清液,另二组分别接种BIV10和中国分离株Z1株,攻毒定期采血提取抗原并提取病毒RNA,同时进行琼脂扩散试验、普通PCR、Nested-PCR试验。结果在整个攻毒期间,琼脂扩散方法检测不到抗原,普通PCR方法只能在攻毒后12d-15d测得抗原,而Nested-PCR在攻毒后6d即可测得病毒RNA,并且可一直持续到30d。试验证明,Nested-PCR方法是高度敏感的检测抗原的方法。在临床上能够较早地检出抗原,这对于及时采取有效措施,控制疾病流行具有积极的意义。     

Serum from dogs Infected with Babesia gibsoni inhibits maturation of reticulocytes and erythrocyte 5'-nucleotidase activity in vitro

Erythrocyte 5'-nucleotidase is thought to be involved in the maturation of erythrocytes. In the present study, in vitro incubation of canine erythrocytes demonstrated that significant inhibition of 5'-nucleotidase activity occurred in the presence of serum from dogs infected with Babesia gibsoni, when the enzyme was assayed with cytidine 5'-monophosphate (5'-CMP) and inosine 5'-monophosphate (5'-IMP) as substrates. The multiplication of B. gibsoni in in vitro culture also resulted in a significant decrease in the enzyme activity of erythrocytes in the culture. Furthermore, the infected serum and 5'-CMP retarded the maturation of canine reticulocytes in vitro. These results suggested that nucleotides such as 5'-CMP and 5'-IMP might accumulate in young erythrocytes and/or serum in dogs infected with B. gibsoni as a result of decreased activity of erythrocyte 5'-nucleotidase, resulting in the delayed maturation of reticulocytes.     

丹顶鹤血清IgY的纯化及其抗血清的制备

利用分离的丹顶鹤血清,应用饱和硫酸铵沉淀法对血清中的IgY进行初步提取,然后通过DEAE-52纤维柱进行纯化,SDS-PAGE测定IgY的纯度,最后以纯化后的丹顶鹤IgY为免疫原常规免疫法制备兔抗丹顶鹤IgY血清。结果表明:提纯后的IgY经电泳检测在分子质量63ku和27ku处出现2条特异性条带,经扫描软件分析其纯度大于90%;常规免疫法制备的兔抗丹顶鹤IgY血清经免疫双扩散法测定效价为1∶32。     

Studies of Johne's Disease in Canada: XII. Electrophoretic Analysis of Changes in Serum Proteins in Infected Cattle and Sheep

Electrophoretic examinations were made on sera collected monthly for a period of eleven months from ten cattle naturally or experimentally infected with Johne''s bacilli and from ten contact sheep. With one exception, the percentage estimates for the four major classes of serum proteins, albumin, alpha₁-, alpha₂-, beta- and gamma-globulins did not differ significantly in sera from infected and non-infected, presumably healthy cattle. One cow with a persistently high complement-fixing titre with Johne''s bacillus antigen, showed an exceptionally high proportion of gamma-globulin in its serum. The percentage of gamma-globulin tended to be higher in sera of contact sheep than in that of normal sheep sera but the monthly variation in the relative proportion of these and other globulins showed no evident relationship to the fluctuations observed in the specific complement-fixing and anti-complementary properties of these sera.     

环丙沙星等药物对雏鸡大肠杆菌病的治疗比较试验

12日龄罗曼公雏鸡 ,试验接种感染鸡大肠杆菌病 ,然后用环丙沙星、氧氟沙星、蒽诺沙星、培氟沙星、硫酸新霉素进行肌肉注射给药 ,以比较其抗菌疗效。通过临床观察记录、尸体剖检、细菌检验 ,结果表明 :试验药物组与感染对照组差异极显著 ,即试验药物对雏鸡大肠杆菌病有良好疗效 ;环丙沙星对雏鸡大肠杆菌病的治疗效果显著高于培氟沙星 ,建议今后尽量不用培氟沙星治疗雏鸡大肠杆菌病。     

黄芩汤对小鼠感染大肠杆菌血液细胞、生化指标及促炎因子的影响

探讨黄芩汤预防及治疗感染大肠杆菌K88小鼠的作用与机理。通过观察统计小鼠的死亡率,采用血常规检测小鼠血液中白细胞、红细胞及血小板的变化以及采用显色基质鲎试剂法和ELISA法检测小鼠血清中的IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α和LPS的变化。结果显示,预防试验中黄芩汤组小鼠死亡率为25%,治疗试验中黄芩汤组死亡率为40%,均极显著地低于对照组(P<0.01);黄芩汤组中小鼠血液中各项白细胞指标均极显著地低于对照组(P<0.01),各项红细胞指标均极显著地高于对照组(P<0.01),LPS及TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6的含量均极显著地低于对照组(P<0.01)。结果表明:黄芩汤对感染大肠杆菌K88小鼠有极显著的预防与治疗作用。     

间接ELISA检测鸭疫里默氏杆菌血清抗体方法的建立

应用1型鸭疫里默氏杆菌(云南株)超声粉碎物作为包被抗原,建立检测鸭疫里默氏杆菌血清抗体的间接ELISA方法。用倍比稀释法确定HRP标记羊抗鸭二抗最佳稀释倍数为1∶3500,并用棋盘测定法确定抗原的最佳包被浓度为2.7mg/mL,血清最佳稀释倍数为1∶300,阴性血清临界值为0.381;阻断试验结果表明,1型鸭疫里默氏杆菌与其抗血清阻断阳性,与鸭大肠杆菌O78、O132菌株和FJ4型鸭疫里默氏杆菌阻断阴性(无交叉反应)。重复性试验结果表明,该ELISA方法批内变异系数≤0.246,批间变易系数≤0.889。结果表明,该ELISA方法特异性强,重复性好,可用于1型鸭疫里默氏杆菌(云南株)血清抗体的检测。     

同源血浆及血清中蓝舌病病毒抗体ELISA检测结果比较

为简化动物血液样品中蓝舌病病毒（BTV）检测及研究方法,采用2种酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）,对采自云南省德宏州芒市一家肉牛养殖场的30对牛同源血浆及血清样品进行BTV总抗体及VP7抗体检测。BTV总抗体ELISA检测结果显示,同源血浆与血清之间的阳/阴性结果一致率为100%,ΔPI在±5%以内的样品占87%;VP7抗体ELISA检测结果显示,同源血浆与血清之间的阳/阴性结果一致率为93%,ΔOD在±0.05范围内的样品占87%。结果表明：利用ELISA检测动物血样中BTV抗体时,血浆样品可替代血清样品;血浆样品的溶血程度不影响检测结果,但粗制血浆中的非溶解性杂质可能影响检测结果,需要使用离心除杂后的血浆样品。