澳大利亚12种特优观赏植物资源及其引种保育研究

以格米亚百合花(Doryanthes excelsa)、草树冠木(Xanthorrhoea australis)等12种有优良观赏价值和重要市场开发潜力的澳大利亚特优观赏植物为研究对象,介绍了它们的资源生物学特性、种苗繁殖和应用栽培技术征,对其进行了资源利用的研发评价。通过对澳大利亚12种特优观赏植物的引种保育试验,不仅掌握了这些植物的繁殖技术,还成功地引种保育了这些植物的种质资源。     

澳大利亚特优观赏植物在贵州的引种栽培试验

由于澳大利亚地理上的孤立性，使其植物种类保持了高度的持有现象。大多澳大利亚特优观赏植物都颇具经济价值和生物学意义。     

努力发展种子的对外合作

原赤峰种子联营公司在1994年7月和澳大利亚太平洋种子公司合作进行油葵试验、示范、推广工作,历时已经5年了。     

南繁育种技术在园林观赏植物资源开发中的应用

随着园林观赏植物行业的快速发展,对新品种的需求日益增加。南繁育种技术,即在中国南部特别是海南岛进行的种子或苗木的繁殖与杂交育种,为园林观赏植物的快速育种和资源开发提供了新的可能。本研究系统地探讨了南繁育种技术的概念、技术方法、应用优势以及在园林观赏植物资源开发中的具体应用。分析了利用海南岛独特的光温条件进行快速育种的优势,包括节省能源、降低成本和绿色环保等。同时,也详细讨论了南繁育种技术在实际应用中所面临的挑战,如气候局限性、病虫害管理、技术推广等问题,并提出了相应的对策和建议。通过案例分析和理论研究,旨在为园林观赏植物资源的持续开发和新品种的快速培育提供科学依据和实践指导。     

观赏植物种子的休眠因素和破眠措施

多种观赏植物的种子都具有休眠特性,表现为新收获的种子在适宜的外界条件下发芽速度慢,发芽不整齐,发芽率低,甚至不能发芽。这种特性是观赏植物在长期的系统发育过程中,自然选择的结果,有利于其个体的生存和种族的延续。但在应用时,却给种子发芽试验和播种育苗带来很大的困难,有时会造成种子的大量浪费。分析观赏植物种子的休眠因素,采取相应措施打破休眠,具有重要的实践意义。1观赏植物种子的休眠因素1.1胚休眠主要是胚发育不完全或生理休眠造成的。胚发育不完全有些观赏植物种子虽外观形态已成熟,但种胚并未发育完全,不具备发芽能力。如兰…     

宜州市不同桑树品种生理生化性状研究

本试验以宜州市当前栽培的主要桑树品种：特优2号、粤桑11号、桂桑优62为材料,对不同桑树品种生理生化性状进行研究。试验结果表明：在各个测定时期,特优2号叶片的叶绿素含量均高于粤桑11号和桂桑优62叶片的叶绿素含量;粤桑11号叶片可溶性糖含量和水溶性蛋白质含量均比特优2号和桂桑优62的高;不同桑树品种叶片含水量和干物重均达正常水平;特优2号叶片丙二醛含量最低,而脯氨酸含量最高。     

超级稻组合对比试验初报

于2004年晚季进行了10个超级稻组合的对比试验，筛选出特优175、特优航1号、特优13等表现突出的超级稻组合。     

4种紫金牛属观赏植物的种子萌发试验研究

对4种紫金牛属观赏植物的种子,在不同播种基质和化学药剂处理条件下进行萌发试验,结果表明:透气性良好的苔藓基质萌芽快,但萌芽率不高;生产上常用的腐叶土萌芽率最高,但萌发周期最长,不利于苗期生产管理;腐叶土+垤石(1∶1)萌芽率和开始出现种子萌发的时间适中。试验表明,赤霉素(GA3)对朱砂根种子萌发有显著影响,ABT生根粉无有利影响;去种皮和清水浸泡有利于朱砂根种子的萌发。     

木兰科观赏植物种子繁殖研究

对22种木兰科观赏植物种子进行实生繁殖研究，结果表明：发芽率在9．5％～88．4％之间，平均为44．94％；苗期高、径生长呈正相关。     

观赏植物抗寒性改良技术分析

低温是影响观赏植物推广应用的主要限制因素,因此研究观赏植物抗寒性调控改良方法对观赏植物的应用有重要意义。影响观赏植物抗寒性的因素主要包括低温、光照和光周期、水分等外部环境条件,观赏植物自身的遗传基因、生长速率和发育水平等内部因素。传统采用选种育种、抗寒锻炼和抗寒砧木等农林栽培手段培育抗寒性观赏植物;后出现施用外源物质等化学手段培育抗寒性观赏植物;以及随着分子生物学的发展,利用基因工程手段对观赏植物抗寒性进行遗传改良。本研究从观赏植物在低温胁迫下的响应机制出发,对调控和改良观赏植物抗寒性的研究进行了总结,以期为未来观赏植物抗寒性改良研究提供一定参考。     

贵州重要野生观赏植物的引种繁殖和应用栽培技术研究

贵州地处亚热带湿润季风气候区，水热条件比较优越，植物资源丰富，是天然的植物种质资源库。我们通过实验研究筛选出小黄花茶（Camellia luteoflora）、贵州苏铁（Cycas guizhouensis）、贵州槭（Acer guizhouense）等20种重要野生观赏植物，对其植物种质资源的原产地及其生态环境、资源价值、资源现状、植物引种栽培与利用评价等进行了广泛的调查分析和试验研究，并从中选择了10种植物开展种苗繁殖和扩大栽培的试验研究。通过研究，提出了对野生珍稀植物的开发利用一定要在这些植物种质资源已经得到有效保护的前提下进行，只有这样才能保存更多更好的优良遗传基因，建立起植物种质资源基因库，为开发新品种提供资源利用，最终实现其可持续性发展，变资源优势为经济优势。     

仔猪感染猪等孢球虫后T细胞亚群的动态变化

为了研究仔猪感染猪等孢球虫后T细胞亚群的变化规律,应用纯种猪等孢球虫孢子化卵囊人工感染9头6日龄仔猪,分别检测了感染前1d和感染后1、3、6、9、11d (DPI) 外周血中CD3+、CD4+、CD8+T细胞。结果显示,DPI 3,CD3+、CD4+T细胞增加,之后下降,但差异均不显著（p>0.05）;CD8＋T细胞在DPI 6增加,DPI 9达峰值（P<0.05）。CD4+/CD8+值在DPI 6下降,DPI 11达到最低点。表明DPI 3感染仔猪的免疫功能有所增强,而DPI 8后仔猪免疫功能受到抑制。     

观赏棕榈播种育苗关键技术研究

全面地揭示了观赏棕榈播种育苗过程中几个关键技术问题,为建立观赏棕榈种苗生产技术规程提供了依据为掌握观赏棕榈植物播种育苗的关键技术,建立高效种苗繁育体系,研究比较了部分观赏棕榈植物种子采后贮藏时间、播种基质、播种方式和幼苗移植期对种子发芽及幼苗的影响。结果表明,棕榈植物种子采后适宜贮藏时间依种子产地而异,采自新加坡的蒲葵和棕竹种子采后即播或短期贮藏（＜45d）后播种发芽率显著高于采自福建的种子,而采自福建的种子拌沙湿藏较长时间（＞75d）后的发芽率则显著高于采自新加坡的种子;育苗基质以5份椰糠、3份河沙和2份泥炭按体积比配制的混合基质Ⅱ或以5份椰糠和5份河沙按体积比配制的混合基质Ⅰ较好;种子萌发为近距带鞘型的假槟榔和散尾葵可采用地播或盘播育苗,且在1叶期移植幼苗成活率最高,越迟移植成活率越低;而远距无鞘型的伊拉克蜜枣宜采用袋播育苗。研究结果较     

玉米种质保持中的适宜样本容量

用两个胚乳色基因型纯合的玉米品种不同比率的混合来模仿具有不同标记基因频率的玉米群体,通过田间试验、统计抽样以及Monte Carlo模拟研究玉米种质在繁殖前后标记基因频率的变化。两年田间试验和Monte Carlo模拟试验得到一致结论;在玉米群体田间植株中随机抽取8株上的全部种子或10株上每株25粒种子做样本可使群体中频率大     

The association of sexuality with plant traits and tuber yield in white yam

Summary One 3-to 5-year clonal and two recent seedling-derived populations of white yam cultivars were grown and studied for the association of sex, flowering intensity, number of fruits and seed yield with vegetative characters and tuber yield. Yield was lowest in non-flowering plants and increased in the following order: male, monoecious and female plants; with females yielding almost twice as much as the non-flowering plants. The plants produced from small tuber setts, with higher leaf virus infection, low plant leafiness either had low flowering intensity, fewer fruits and seeds or even failed to flower. The sequence and timing of vegetative and reproductive processes in relation to the difference in yield between male and female plants is discussed. There is a strong indication that the intensity of flowering and fruiting is lower in plants from previous vegetative propagation compared to recent seedling-serived clones.     

Clonal propagation of F1 hybrids as a tool in genetic studies of the soya bean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]

Summary A simple technique for the vegetative propagation of F1 hybrid soya bean plants is described. By growing 1- and 2-wk old cuttings, all treated with 1-naphtylacetic acid and the fungicide metalaxyl, average success rates of 18 and 34% respectively were obtained. Cuttings grown under a long-day regime for two months produced large numbers of F2 seeds to be used in genetic studies. This method reduced the time and effort necessary to obtain hybrid progeny.     

红花瘤果茶种子萌发的温光调控及生理特性变化研究

红花瘤果茶(Camellia rubituberculata)是贵州特有珍稀植物,颇具经济价值。为加强其保护利用和解决种子育苗技术问题,本研究检测分析了红花瘤果茶种子萌发的温度与光照调控及其萌发过程中生理特性的变化。结果表明:1)红花瘤果茶种子在15~35 ℃均能正常萌发,随着温度的升高,种子的发芽率和发芽势均呈先升高后降低的趋势,在 20 ℃时的发芽率和发芽势最高,可达到72.00%和40.33%,在0、10、24 h 3个光照梯度中发芽率差异不显著;2)浓度为200 mg ·L^-1 的赤霉素溶液不仅能促进红花瘤果茶种子的提早萌发,还能显著提高红花瘤果茶种子的发芽率和发芽势,不同浓度的高锰酸钾和聚乙二醇溶液处理不能促进红花瘤果茶种子的发芽;3)在不同温度条件下,红花瘤果茶种子可溶性蛋白质在种子萌发初期呈上升趋势,随后逐渐下降,在25 ℃时可溶性蛋白质下降速率最快;可溶性糖含量呈先下降后上升的趋势;丙二醛含量均呈不同程度的正向上升,在35 ℃下的丙二醛含量上升达到最大值;4)在恒温条件下,不同光照时间对红花瘤果茶种子内可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖及丙二醛含量无显著影响,红花瘤果茶种子可归属于光中性种子。     

Role of the maternal effect phenomena in improving water stress tolerance in narrow‐leafed lupine (Lupinus angustifolius)

This paper describes experiments concerning improvement of drought tolerance in narrow‐leafed lupine (Lupinus angustifolius L.) by maternal effects. The first step involved harvesting seeds from plants exposed and not exposed to drought during flowering and seed ripening. The next‐generation plants grown from these seeds were exposed to drought and the effects of this stress on their physiological processes were examined. To find out whether drought applied to parent plants may affect tolerance to this stress in progeny plants such features as plant growth, tissue water content, abscisic acid concentration and yield‐related parameters were assessed. The study revealed that the progeny plants grown from the seeds of drought‐treated plants were more tolerant to this stress than the plants grown from the seeds harvested from optimally watered maternal plants. Drought tolerance was manifested by a reduced concentration of abscisic acid, increased plant height and maintaining high leaf water content. Most importantly, these plants produced significantly higher yield when exposed to drought than the plants grown from the seeds harvested from optimally watered plants.     

The germination of freshly harvested seed of ripe and unripe barley and oats

Barley and oats were grown in a greenhouse and outside in the field to different stages of ripeness. After harvest the plants were threshed as soon as possible. The seeds were treated in different ways and sown immediately in a sand-bed. The kernels which germinated were counted.Seeds from plants which were grown in the greenhouse, on average germinated better than seeds from plants grown outside. Seeds from ripe plants germinated better than green seeds, but in some trials germination of green seeds was exceptionally good. The percentage of germination was increased by several treatments. Drying at 50°C was found to be the most efficient method.The result from such experiments may be different when the plants are grown in another environment. Under our conditions drying at a temperature of about 50°C was an efficient way to increase the germination of freshly cut seeds of barley and oats.     

Sample size for collecting germplasms from natural plant populations in view of the genotypic multiplicity of seed embryos borne on a single plant

Summary A method to collect germplasms from natural plant populations (collection sites) has been investigated for the numbers of plants and seeds per plant to be sampled. It is derived that in predominantly selfing populations the success of sampling is primarily determined by the number of plants rather than seeds per plant, since the genotypes of seed embryos produced on a highly selfing plant are highly homozygous and homogeneous. The number of plants, however, does not need to be large. The drawback of a shortage in the plant number can be avoided by collecting sufficient seeds from each plant. Computations for some probable situations lead to the conclusion that a few plants per population may be enough if the plants bear a few hundred seeds each and are not highly selfing. This sample size is much smaller and more practicable than those proposed previously.