舍饲养羊技术

舍饲养羊要结合当地实际，选择适应性强，生产性能高，产品质量好，饲养周期短，经济效益高的优良品种，如小尾寒羊、波尔山羊等肉用和皮肉兼用羊较好。     

提高舍饲养羊经济效益的途径

退耕还林,草原禁牧,使传统的放牧养羊越来越不适应现代生产的需要。因此,必须探索一条新的饲养管理方法和技术。随着科学技术的发展,新品种的引进,饲料加工特别是秸秆饲料加工技术的发展,给舍饲养羊创造了很好的条件。舍饲养羊的技术关键是全年均衡的饲料供给,有计划地生产和有效的环境控制及健康保证,其中全年均衡饲养是基本前提,特别是保证羊在夏季和秋季的饲养是舍饲养羊的关键问题。1羊全年的饲草用量计划羊对草的需要量与羊的品种、体重、生产类型有密切的关系。根据有关的资料计算,一般羊每天对饲草、饲料的需要量为羊体重的3%~4%,按5…     

肉羊舍饲高效养殖技术要点

随着畜牧业的发展,传统的放牧式的肉羊饲养方式已很难适应现代化生产的要求,舍饲养羊成为目前广大养殖户共同关心的问题。因为肉羊舍饲有利于形成饲养规模,提高产品质量和养殖效益;有利于生态环境的改善,减少对生态资源的过渡利用。但要提高肉羊舍饲养殖的经济效益,必须真正掌握舍饲高效养殖技术。下面简要介绍有关技术要点,希望对养殖户有所裨益。一、注重品种选择 舍饲养羊要结合当地的生产实际,选择适应本地气候生态条件、生产性能高、产品质量好、饲养周期短、经济效益高的品种。绵羊如小尾寒羊,山羊如波尔山羊杂交羊等均适于舍饲,并…     

肉羊舍饲高效养殖技术要点

随着畜牧业的发展,传统的放牧式的肉羊饲养方式已很难适应现代化生产的要求,舍饲养羊成为目前广大养殖户共同关心的问题。因为肉羊舍饲有利于形成饲养规模,提高产品质量和养殖效益;有利于生态环境的改善,减少对环境生态资源的过度利用。但要提高肉羊舍饲养殖的经济效益,必须真正掌握舍饲高效养殖技术。下面简要介绍有关技术要点,希望对养殖户有所裨益。1注重品种选择舍饲养羊要结合当地的生产实际,选择适应本地气候生态条件、生产性能高、产品质量好、饲养周期短、经济效益高的品种。绵羊如小尾寒羊,山羊如波尔山羊杂交羊等均适宜于舍饲,并…     

放牧和舍饲条件下小尾寒羊胃组织形态比较

为了研究放牧和舍饲两种饲养方式对小尾寒羊胃组织形态的影响,试验选择8月龄小尾寒羊100只,随机分为放牧组和舍饲组,每组50只。放牧组羊自由放牧,以采食牧草为主;舍饲组羊饲喂全价饲料+粗饲料。常规方法制备胃组织石蜡切片并进行H.E.染色,在光学显微镜下观察组织学形态并测量瘤胃、网胃、瓣胃和皱胃的黏膜层、黏膜下层和肌层厚度。结果表明:舍饲组小尾寒羊前胃的黏膜层、黏膜下层厚度均略高于放牧组,但差异不显著(P0.05);舍饲组瘤胃、网胃的肌层厚度极显著高于放牧组(P0.01),瓣胃肌层厚度显著高于放牧组(P0.05);放牧组皱胃的黏膜层和肌层厚度显著高于舍饲组(P0.05),而黏膜下层厚度略高于舍饲组但差异不显著(P0.05)。说明舍饲组羊前胃肌层较厚,而放牧组羊皱胃的肌层较厚,在养羊生产中应根据需要选择放牧、舍饲或二者结合饲养。     

三个肉羊品种与小尾寒羊杂交效果观察

随着退耕还草和封山禁牧政策的实施,舍饲养羊已成为保护生态环境新形势下肉羊生产的主要技术措施。小尾寒羊以其繁殖率高、适应性强等特点被列为舍饲养羊的首选品种之一,而国外肉羊品     

舍饲肉羊的高效养殖

1注重品种选择舍饲养羊要结合当地的生产实际,选择适应本地气候生态条件、生产性能高、产品质量好、饲养周期短、经济效益高的品种。绵羊如小尾寒羊,山羊如波尔山羊杂交羊等均适宜于舍饲,并且效果较好。2建好羊栏圈舍舍饲养羊要建好圈舍,并留有较充足的活动场地。羊圈舍要做到夏能防暑、冬能避寒。一般场址应选在地势较高、通风向阳和避风良好、排水方便的地方。为便于防疫,最好远离公路和村庄500米以上。羊舍多为砖木结构,坐北朝南,呈长方形布局。冬季可搭成塑料暖棚,以便于保温,但应注意在棚顶留有排气孔,以防舍内空气污浊和湿度过大。羊…     

肉羊舍饲高效养殖技术

1　注重品种选择　舍饲养羊要结合当地的生产实际 ,选择适应本地气候生态条件、生产性能高、产品质量好、饲养周期短、经济效益高的品种。绵羊如小尾寒羊 ,山羊如波尔山羊杂交羊等均适宜于舍饲 ,并且效果较好。2　建好羊群圈舍　舍饲养羊要建好圈舍 ,并留有较充足的活动场地。羊圈舍要做到夏能防暑、冬能避寒。一般场址应选在地势高燥、通风向阳和避风良好、排水方便的地方。为便于防疫 ,最好远离公路和村庄 5 0 0m以外。羊舍多为砖木结构 ,坐北朝南 ,呈长方形布局。冬季可搭成塑料暖棚 ,以便于保温 ,但应注意在棚顶留有排气孔 ,以防舍内空…     

肉羊舍饲高效养殖技术

随着畜牧业生产水平的不断提高和生态畜牧业的发展,舍饲高效养羊已成为必然。要实现肉羊舍饲高效养殖,应抓好以下几个环节。1注重品种选择舍饲养羊要结合当地的生产实际,选择适应本地气候、生态条件,生产性能高,产品质量好,饲养周期短,经济效益高的品种。绵羊如小尾寒羊,山羊如     

羊的舍饲管理和疫病防控

<正>随着国际国内市场形式的不断发展变化,特别是我国加入世界贸易组织以后,新的市场形式为养羊业的发展,提供了良好的空间。但由于目前我国各地草原全部进行了禁牧,开展了草原封闭式育草和改草。因此,养羊业就必须实行舍饲饲养。1舍饲管理正确选择舍饲品种。比较适应舍饲养的绵羊品种有小尾寒羊、国外引入的萨福克羊、夏洛来羊等。根据饲养目的确定育种方式,如果是为了出售种羊,就要选择纯种繁育。如果是为了出售商品羊,就要选     

玉门市农区肉羊不同杂交模式的研究与应用

以萨福克羊与小尾寒羊杂交一代、无角陶赛特羊与小尾寒羊杂交一代和蒙古羊的3月龄断奶羔羊为研究对象,在玉门市农区进行了不同杂交组合肉羊生产性能的研究。结果表明：萨寒杂交一代与陶寒杂交一代断奶羔羊的日增重、胴体重、屠宰率等产肉性能指标显著优于本地蒙古羊,杂种优势明显,经济效益显著。     

The epidemiology of squamous cell carcinoma of the perineal region of sheep: Abattoir and flock studies

The roles of age, tail length and the Mules operation in the epidemiology of squamous cell carcinoma in ewes were studied. The prevalence of the disease in adult sheep slaughtered at 2 abattoirs was 0.08%. No cases occurred in lambs. Of all adult sheep condemnations before slaughter, 38.5% were due to squamous cell carcinoma. Of these sheep, 73.3% had a single lesion of the vulva (62.9%), tail (6.6%), or anus (3.8%), while 26.7% had lesions at more than one site. The number of lesions was significantly greater (p < 0.01) in sheep with a radical Mules operation than in those with a modified Mules operation or not mulesed. Tails were significantly shorter (p < 0.01) in affected than unaffected sheep. Small keratinised outgrowths on the skin of the tail and perineum were considered on histological grounds to be precursors of squamous cell carcinomas. On one affected farm 4% of ewes were culled in one year for gross lesions of squamous cell carcinomas. A further 3.5% of sheep with gross lesions and 25.3% with precursor lesions remained in the flock, undetected by the farmer. Gross lesions were not observed in ewes under 3 years of age, whereas precursors occurred in all age groups, including one-year-old ewes. The prevalence of lesions increased with age, from 0.43% in 5-year-old ewes to 5.14% in 6-year-old and 41% in 7-year-old ewes. Discriminant analysis indicated that age of ewe, tail length and the width of the healed Mules operation were important determinants of squamous cell carcinoma. In all the sheep studied the style of mulesing was consistently radical, with a mean healed width of 12.3 ± 2.6 cm. Tails were amputated much shorter than the traditionally recommended length of level with the tip of the vulva. The presence of gross and precursor lesions was associated with shorter tails and a radical Mules operation. It is suggested that the prevalence of the disease may be reduced by the adoption of a less severe mulesing technique and leaving tails longer.     

绵羊Fsp27基因组织表达、多态性及其与不同绵羊品种尾脂沉积能力的关联性分析

旨在研究绵羊Fsp27基因的组织表达/多态性及其与不同绵羊品种尾脂沉积能力的关联性。本研究采用qRT-PCR检测了营养充足期阿勒泰羊不同组织中Fsp27基因的表达情况,同时对营养充足期和营养匮乏期阿勒泰羊尾脂组织中Fsp27基因的表达情况进行了定量分析,采用PCR-SSCP结合测序技术检测了5个不同尾脂沉积能力绵羊品种Fsp27基因的突变情况,并分析了相关突变与绵羊尾脂沉积能力的关联性。结果表明,Fsp27基因在营养充足期阿勒泰羊尾脂中高表达,其表达量极显著高于其他组织（P<0.01）,在肾周脂肪和皮下脂肪组织中的表达量也较高,极显著高于心、肝、脾、肺、肾、胃、肠、皮肤和骨骼肌组织（P<0.01）。在心、肝、脾、肺、肾、胃、肠、皮肤和骨骼肌组织中呈微量表达,且各组织间差异不显著（P>0.05）。另外,营养充足期阿勒泰羊尾脂中Fsp27基因的表达量极显著高于营养匮乏期（P<0.01）。绵羊Fsp27基因在不同尾脂沉积能力品种群体中共检测到25个突变位点,其中位于第3外显子g.16771741的G/A突变以及第5外显子g.16774969的C/T突变均为错义突变,且与绵羊尾脂沉积能力高度相关。g.16771741的G/A突变在尾脂沉积能力较强的阿勒泰羊、小尾寒羊和湖羊群体中以G等位基因为主,分别占到86.8%、83.7%和85.7%,而尾脂沉积能力较差的中国美利奴细毛羊和萨福克羊群体中G等位基因分别仅占30.3%和11.1%。g.16774969的C/T突变在阿勒泰羊群体中以T等位基因为主,TT基因型占84.7%,CT基因型占15.3%,没有检测到CC基因型;在短脂尾型的小尾寒羊和湖羊群体中,TT和CT基因型也分别占到65.9%、50.4%和22.7%、41.1%,而在长瘦尾的中国美利奴细毛羊和萨福克羊群体中则以CC基因型为主,分别占到97.4%和69.4%,没有检测到TT基因型。以上研究结果表明,Fsp27基因在阿勒泰羊尾脂中高表达,且其在尾脂中的表达量与阿勒泰羊的营养状态密切相关,Fsp27基因第3外显子g.16771741的G/A突变以及第5外显子g.16774969的C/T突变与绵羊尾脂沉积能力高度相关,可以作为理想的分子标记用于低脂肪绵羊品种的选育。     

野生盘羊×巴什拜羊回交二代的脂尾形态变异分析

试验旨在研究野生盘羊×巴什拜羊回交二代的脂尾形态特征以及脂尾大小对体尺指数的影响。以216只饲养条件相同、体况良好的75日龄野生盘羊×巴什拜羊回交二代为研究对象,计算脂尾性状的变异系数,再根据脂尾性状采用R语言K-mean聚类分析方法对野生盘羊×巴什拜羊回交二代进行分析,研究脂尾的分离分化情况,并用SPSS 19.0对回交二代各类型脂尾羊的7个体重体尺指数（体重、体长指数、胸围指数、管围指数、体躯指数、肢长指数和胸指数）进行差异比较分析。结果发现,根据聚类分析结果可将野生盘羊×巴什拜羊回交二代分为4个类型：小尾型、中尾型、大尾型和肥尾型;肥尾型体长指数极显著大于小尾型（P<0.01）,大尾型体躯指数极显著大于小尾型（P<0.01）,大尾型和肥尾型胸围指数、胸指数极显著大于小尾型（P<0.01）,各尾型间的体重、管围指数、肢长指数差异不显著（P>0.05）。综合以上试验结果,回交二代的脂尾出现了性状分离,脂尾越大其体型越大,但体重无明显变化;结合野生盘羊与巴什拜羊的体型外貌特征及生产性能的特点,大尾型和肥尾型在体型上更趋近于巴什拜羊,小尾型则在尾型上更趋近于野生盘羊。     

绵羊Lpin2基因多态性及其与尾型和屠宰性状的关联分析

试验旨在研究Lpin2基因遗传变异对绵羊尾型和屠宰性状的影响。以两品种脂尾型绵羊广灵大尾羊和小尾寒羊为研究对象,采用DNA直接测序法检测Lpin2基因5'非编码区部分序列的单核苷酸多态性（SNPs）,并分析其与尾型及屠宰性状的关联性。结果发现,Lpin2基因5'非编码区起始密码子上游约1 200 bp的DNA序列中存在3个SNPs,即NC_019480.2:g.－663 dup ATT（SNP1）、g.－388 T > C（SNP2）和g.－330 T > G（SNP3）,其中SNP1为三核苷酸ATT重复扩展短串联重复序列（STR）的拷贝数变异（CNV）,在广灵大尾羊中的突变频率显著高于小尾寒羊（P<0.05）,显著降低了广灵大尾羊的胴体重与屠宰率（P<0.05）,对小尾寒羊的屠宰性状无显著影响（P>0.05）。SNP2和SNP3构成单倍型块,形成的单倍型对各性状无显著影响（P>0.05）。试验结果可为绵羊肉质性状的标记辅助选择提供参考依据。     

牛羊多胎性状的分子遗传基础研究

本研究采用了RAPD、PCR RFLP、微卫星、PCR SSCP、序列分析等方法对2个牛品种(秦川牛和荷斯坦奶牛共60头)、6个中国固有绵羊品种(多胎品种小尾寒羊,双胎品种大尾寒羊,单胎品种兰州大尾羊、蒙古羊、同羊和哈萨克羊共197余只`进行了分子遗传基础研究,旨在寻找牛羊多胎性状合适的分子标记,为进一步对牛双胎基因、绵羊多胎基因的探索和高繁殖率牛羊的选育提供科学依据.     

Polymorphisms of Lpin2 Gene and Its Association with Tail Type and Slaughter Traits in Sheep

This study was aimed to explore the effects of genetic variations of Lpin2 gene on tail type and slaughter traits in sheep. Two breeds of fat-tailed sheep such as Guangling Large Tailed sheep and Small Tailed Han sheep were chosen to identify the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 5' non-coding region of Lpin2 gene by using direct DNA sequencing, and the associations between SNPs and tail type and slaughter traits were analyzed. The results showed that three novel SNPs were found in 5' non-coding region about 1 200 bp upstream sequence from start codon ATG in Lpin2 gene, namely NC_019480.2: g.－663 dup ATT (SNP1), g.－388 T > C (SNP2) and g.－330 T > G (SNP3), sequencing data revealed that the trinucleotide ATT repeat expansion at SNP1 was cope number variation (CNV) of short tandem repeats (STR), the mutation frequency was significant higher in Guangling Large Tailed sheep than that in Small Tailed Han sheep (P<0.05), and caused the significant decreasing in carcass weight and dressing percentage in Guangling Large Tailed sheep (P<0.05), however this variation exhibited non-significant effects on the slaughter traits in Small Tailed Han sheep (P>0.05). SNP2 and SNP3 could be constructed into a haplotype block while the haplotypes didn't significantly affect the examined traits in two sheep breeds. This finding would provide references for marker assisted selection of the sheep meat quality traits.     

甘南藏羊与滩羊等品种羊肉品质对比研究

甘南藏羊肉色深红（4．10分）,大理石纹评分1．60;pH分别为6．26—5．55,均在正常范围;系水率59．82％、熟肉率63．76％。系水率低于小尾寒羊、滩羊、波蒙F1、陶蒙Fh当地蒙古羊熟肉率除低于当地蒙古羊外,高于小尾寒羊、滩羊、波蒙F1羊、陶蒙F1羊;剪切力6．40kg／cm2,嫩度稍好于当地蒙古羊,综合品质独特。     

The seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Ontario sheep flocks

In a random sample of 103 sheep farms in Ontario, 99% of the farms had some sheep serologically positive for Toxoplasma gondii, based on an enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The percent of sheep affected within farms ranged from 3.8% to 97.8%, with an average flock prevalence of 57.6%. When farm management variables were considered in a multivariate analysis, significantly lower rates of serologically positive sheep were associated with neutering of female cats and clipping of ewes' perineums before lambing; significantly higher prevalence rates were found on farms where sheep were purchased from other flocks, pigs were raised on the same farm, sheep shared pasture with other animals, flowing water was available at pasture, and pastured replacements had access to housing. As well, in univariate analyses, higher prevalence was positively associated with an increasing number of cat litters born over the previous two years and offering creep feed or forage to lambs, and inversely with the amount of labor expended on sheep rearing.     

不同阴阳离子平衡日粮对育肥羊增重及其消化功能的影响

通过饲养试验、消化试验来研究不同阴阳离子(DCAB)水平日粮对(无角多赛特×小尾寒羊)F2代杂种育肥羊增重及其饲料利用率的影响,结果表明,随着DCAB水平的增加,(无角多赛特×小尾寒羊)F2代杂种育肥羊的平均日增重、蛋白质消化率、NDF消化率、ADF消化率均有增加的趋势,最佳DCAB值为每100g干物质50meq。