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东北梅花鹿生产性能调查初报 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
梅花鹿(Cervus nippon Temminck)分为五个亚种:东北亚种(C.n.hortulor-um),北方亚种(C.n.mandarinui),南方亚种(C.n.kopscni),山西亚种(C.n.rassianus),四川亚种((C.n.sichuanicus)。目前全国各地驯养的茸鹿多为梅花鹿, 相似文献
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我国现存8个马鹿野生亚种:东北亚种Cervus elaphus xanthopygus、天山亚种C.elaphus songaricuss、塔里木亚种C.elaphus yarkandensis、甘肃亚种C.elaphus kansuensis、阿勒泰亚种C.elaphus sibiricus、西藏亚种C.elaphus wallichi、阿拉善亚种C.elaphus alashanmicus,它们的栖息地逐渐减小,仅分布于黑龙江、吉林、新疆、甘肃、宁夏、青海、四川、西藏、内蒙古和河北等地.由于栖息地遭到破坏和非法捕猎等原因造成野生马鹿处于濒危状态,种群数量较小,仅13万头,其野生状况均不乐观.野生马鹿种群对家养种群有着非常重要的价值和意义,野生与家养种群的优缺点互补,可促进家养种群健康发展,并保护、恢复野生种群,二者完全可以优势互补,相互促进. 相似文献
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驯养经济动物养殖及种群遗传多样性的研究方法 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
LIU Chang-qing 包阿东 LIU Shuai 吴宏梅 LU Tao-feng 张洪海 TANG Xue-xi 关伟军 MA Yue-hui 《中国畜牧兽医》2008,35(8):52-56
我国貉、银狐、北极狐、水貂、梅花鹿等野生动物养殖作为一项新兴的产业已成为建设新农村新的经济增长点,但是无论是野外资源的保护成效,还是人工驯养繁殖业的发展状况以及野生动物及其产品的经营利用秩序与社会需要和客观要求相比,还存在着相当大的差距。与野外环境中的种群比较,圈养种群是进行遗传学研究的最好的模型对象,对于研究野生种群近交与群体灭绝间的关系是非常合适的材料。目前国内外对于驯养经济动物与野生种群遗传多样性的研究主要集中于线粒体DNA、核糖体DNA、微卫星分子标记及主要组织相容性复合体等几个方面。作者针对目前国内外尤其是国内有关驯养经济动物养殖现状及其与野生种群形态、遗传多样性差异几个重要研究技术方面的研究进行了详细的论述和探讨,旨在通过利用我国养殖的野生小种群遗传学特性,为珍稀野生动物种群保护遗传学研究及加快国内经济动物养殖提供理论支持。 相似文献
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桃红岭国家级自然保护区梅花鹿种群现状 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
蒋志刚 徐向荣 刘武华 李春林 李春旺 卢学理 肖金朋 李言阔 汤宋华 平晓鸽 李峰 罗振华 方红霞 余斌 章建华 陈启俊 高依敏 吴建冬 吴问国 王淋波 吴业飞 朱欢兵 王超 代杰 应霞 王洁清 刘钊 陈静 李琳琳 陈代强 张小伟 崔绍朋 李佳 袁芳凯 张斌斌 朱建华 高红志 李洪宾 陈裕禄 陈永江 林忠华 王缘 张楚 周倩涵 《野生动物》2012,33(6):305-308,332
梅花鹿南方亚种被IUCN濒危物种红皮书列为濒危级,仅分布于安徽南部、江西东北部和浙江西北部,分布区域日益萎缩,分布区之间隔离程度较大。江西桃红岭是该亚种分布区之一,为保护该亚种,1981年成立桃红岭自然保护区,2001年升级为国家级自然保护区。为了解桃红岭野生梅花鹿现生种群数量,评估保护区过去30 a的保护成效,我们于2011年秋季采用直接计数的广义样线法开展梅花鹿种群调查。调查结果表明,保护区内梅花鹿数量为365只,密度为2.92只/km~2,近年来梅花鹿种群增长较慢。经过30 a的保护,该保护区自然植被正在演替恢复。然而,当地的顶级植物群落可能并不是梅花鹿的适宜生境。因此,近年来,梅花鹿向保护区外扩散趋势明显,由此带来的各种管理问题值得关注。 相似文献
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虎(Panthera tigris)是全球生物多样性保护的旗舰物种和保护伞物种,在维持健康自然生态系统功能中占据不可替代的重要地位,虎种群的有效保护和可持续生存对中国乃至全球生态安全具有深远意义。我国现分布有印支虎(P.t.corbetti)、孟加拉虎(P.t.tigris)、华南虎(P.t.amoyensis)和东北虎(P.t.altaica)4个虎亚种,其中最有希望恢复野生种群的就是东北虎。虎的保护也面临着巨大的挑战,包括虎种群数量和分布区的动态变化不清;适宜栖息地面积不断缩小退化、扩散通道受阻;缺乏针对虎生态景观系统保护的实施规划及国家财政建设资金的保障;人虎冲突严重;虎生态保护与管理科学研究薄弱等。鉴于此,本文从两个方面提出了虎及其栖息地保护的对策。(1)在栖息地景观保护与恢复方面:推进虎保护区网络的建设,增大其栖息地的受保护面积,形成保护区群;同时构建廊道,使保护区群网络化;建立跨国生态廊道,实现景观水平的保护,并且加大虎猎物种群及其栖息地恢复力度。(2)在虎种群保护与恢复方面:启动虎种群专项调查与常态监测;推进虎的野化放归;设立"老虎生态保护特区";修改完善相关法律法规,探索和完善适应新时期新常态的虎保护模式。 相似文献
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研究表明,气候变化将会使生物多样性降低甚至是物种灭绝。研究气候变化对物种栖息地的影响,对未来研究物种多样性和保护生态系统功能完整性提供实践意义。以梅花鹿(Cervus nippon)为研究对象,将23个环境因子通过去相关性后得到8个环境因子,利用最大熵(MaxEnt)模型模拟了梅花鹿基准气候条件下在中国潜在生境分布,并预测了ssp245和ssp585两种气候变化情景下2021—2040年(2030s)、2041—2060年(2050s)、2061—2080年(2070s)梅花鹿潜在分布。23个环境因子中,对3个不同的梅花鹿亚种,降水季节性、海拔、最干月降水量这3个因子是影响梅花鹿生境分布的主要因子。基准气候条件下,梅花鹿的潜在生境面积占总研究区域总面积的3.72%。随着时间的推移,研究区内梅花鹿东北亚种当前潜在生境面积明显增加,其中ssp585情景增加程度大于ssp245情景。在ssp585情景2050s阶段,总潜在生境面积将增加524.79%;梅花鹿华南亚种当前潜在生境面积明显减少,在ssp585情景下,梅花鹿适宜生境面积减小幅度将大于ssp245情景下梅花鹿适宜生境面积减小幅度,其在相应阶段分别减少77.61%、96.29%和93.62%。适宜生境逐渐消失。梅花鹿四川亚种在ssp245、ssp585两种情景下,适宜生境面积变动较小,并且都有5%—10%的新增适宜生境。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒R株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离MG,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离MG。结果表明,人工感染48小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,96小时气囊已被感染,120小时输卵管已能分离到MG,卵巢始终分离不到MG。人工感染鸡自144小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出MG。药物治疗能在72小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需24天后逐渐降低蛋内MG分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内MG,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献