枯萎病菌的PCR-RFLP分子检测和早期诊断

采用自行设计的、能对镰刀菌18srDNA进行特异性扩增的1对引物,利用PCR-RFLP对尖孢镰刀菌以不同方式侵染的植株进行跟踪检测。结果表明,应用PCR-RFLP检测程序可检测出处于侵染初期和潜育期的枯萎病菌,说明PCR-RFLP能够快速、灵敏、准确地对枯萎病进行早期诊断。     

廊坊市城镇居民体育消费心理调查与分析

如何针对廊坊市居民高度群居的特点,引导廊坊市居民的体育消费,推动新经济形式下社区体育产业的发展,是社区体育一个重要的研究课题．本文从运动心理学的角度,调查分析了廊坊市有代表性的不同地域居民的体育消费状况,提出了一些完善居民小区体育消费服务的建议,旨在为研究开拓社区体育市场提供一些参考数据．     

Development and Identification of Triticum aestivum L.-Thinopyrum bessarabicum L(o)ve Chromosome Translocations

With ass7istance of chromosome C-banding and genomic in situ hybridization(GISH)combined with meiotic analysis,five germplasms with homozygous wheat-Th. Bessarabicum chromosome translocations were developed and identified among BC1F5 progenies of the cross between T. Aestivum cv. Chinese Spring and Chinese Spring-Th. Bessarabicum amphiploid. These lines included Tj01 and Tj02(2n=44)containing a pair of wheat-Th. Bessarabicum translocation chromosomes besides a pair of added Th. Bessarabicum chromosomes,Tj03(2n=44)with a pair of added interspecific translocation chromosomes,Tj04(2n=44)containing a pair of interspecific translocation chromosomes besides an added pair of Th. Bessarabicum chromosome arms and Tj05(2n=46)containing a pair of interspecific translocation chromosomes besides two pairs of added intact alien chromosomes. The breakpoints of all the translocations were found to be not around centromere. Meanwhile,all the lines showed normal plant growth,development and fertility,while the translocation chromosomes transmitted regularly. The obtained translocations might be of use for transferring elite genes from Th. Bessarabicum into wheat.     

国外油气管道剩余使用寿命的预测和评估

论述了管道剩余使用寿命预测和评估的必要性，介绍了国外对管道剩余使用寿命的预测方法和评估理论，提出了应该把对管道剩余使用寿命的预测工作作为管道运行和技术维护这一管理系统的组成部分。     

三种麦类作物对叶(冠)锈菌非寄主抗病性与品种抗病性的组织病理学研究

比较研究了小麦、黑麦和燕麦对小麦叶锈菌、黑麦叶锈菌和燕麦冠锈菌的非寄主抗病性与品种抗病性的组织病理学特点。接种幼苗的荧光显微检查表明,非寄主抗病性除不同程度地中断侵入外,主要抑制侵染菌丝生长和吸器母细胞的形成,引起菌落早期败育和叶肉细胞坏死。这些特点与品种抗病性的过敏性坏死反应相同。这种类型的抗病性具有小种专化性,因而即使用遗传操作技术将这种非寄主抗病性转移到寄主品种中,也可能因病菌小种的变异而不会持久。     

耳霉属的一个新记录及蝇虫生霉和暗孢耳霉的鉴定

1987年春季,在北京地区的一种花毛蠓(Psychodidae)种群中,发生了流行病,病死成虫漂浮在水面上。经鉴定病原为大孢耳霉(Conidiobolvs majaor)。该种真菌在国内属首次发现。分生孢子非常大,球形,37—71×33—66μ。另外,在北京地区的家蝇(Musca domestica L.)和蚜虫(Aphis sp.)上分别发现了蝇虫生霉(Entomophthora muscac)和暗孢耳霉(Conidiobolus obscurus)。     

Oral Insulin Stimulates Intestinal Department and Enzyme Maturation in Newborn Pigs

The effects of oral insulin on intestinal tissue growth and brush border enzyme activities in newborn pigs were examined in this study. Newborn unsuckled pigs were bottle-fed for3 days with artificial milk(M),milk supplemented with 60mIUmL-1 of insulin(IH)or hydrolyzed milk(HM). Compared with newborn unsuckled pigs,piglets bottle-fed for 3 days all gained in intestinal weight and length significantly despite a mild loss in body weight during the experimental period. The activities of lactase and alkaline phosphatase(AKP)in the small intestinal mucosa declined markedly in pigs fed with M,but the activity of maltase increased significantly during the experimental period. Dietary protein pre-hydrolysis had no significant effect on intestinal tissue mass or length,but it moderated the decline of intestinal lactase and AKP activities. Dietary supplementation of insulin significantly increased mucosal protein content and brush border activities of lactase,maltase,AKP and aminopeptidase(AP)in the small intestine.The effect. of insulin treatment was particularly obvious at the distal region of the small intestine. These results demonstrate that oral insulin can stimulate intestinal digestive enzyme activities in newborn pigs. The finding supports the hypothesis that milk-borne insulin plays a role in regulating postnatal gut development in the suckling young.     

中国枝孢属的分类研究 Ⅱ.顶生枝孢等4个国内新记录种

 本文报道枝孢属4个国内新记录种:顶生枝孢Cladosporium apicale Berk.&;Br.;锈子器生枝孢C.aecidiicola Thum.;合欢生枝孢C.acaciicola M.B.Ellis;夏孢生枝孢C.uredinicola Speg.新记录种有详细描述.标本存于云南农业大学植物病理研究室.     

Effect of Light Quality on Photosynthesis and Chlorophyll Fluorescence in Strawberry Leaves

The photosynthetic characteristics of strawberry(Fragaria x ananassa Duch. cv. Toyonoka)leaves under illumination of identical light intensity(55-57% natural light)with different light quality were studied. It was showed that the chlorophyll content,maximal photochemical efficiency of PS Ⅱ(Fv/Fm),Fm/Fo,amount of inactive PS Ⅱ reaction centers(Fi-Fo)and rate of QAreduction were positively correlated with the red-light/blue-light ratios,but the chlorophyll(a/b)ratios were negatively correlated with them. Carotenoid content of the leaves was maximum under the blue film,than under green film,red film,white film and yellow film,and negatively correlated with the red/farred ratios. The apparent quantum yield(AQY),photorespiratory rate(Pr)and carboxylation efficiency(CE)were also strongly affected by light quality. The photosynthetic rate(Pn)in strawberry leaves under green film was significantly lower than under all other film. Our results suggested that light quality is an essential factor regulating the development of PS Ⅱ and phytochrome and an independent blue light photoreceptor,possibly a cryptochrome,can regulate photosynthetic performance.     

Pharmacokinetics of Clorsulon in Sheep Following Intravenous and Subcutaneous Administration

The study established a method to analyze clorsulon concentration in sheep plasma by reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography(RP-HPLC)with an internal-standard.In plasma,clorsulon concentration within 0.01-1.0μgmL-1 and 1.0-20μgmL-1 ranges had a good linear relationship(R= 0.9991,0.9958). The average recovery of the method was 98.11±3.52%. The relative standard deviation(RSD)s% of within-day and between-day assays were less than 7 and 8% respectively. After giving clorsulon to sheep by intravenous(i.v.)or subcutaneous(s.c.)routes at a single dose of 4mgkg-1,drug concentration-time data in plasma were both fitted to a two-compartment open model. The main pharmacokinetic parameters were: 1)i.v. administration: T1/2β = 10.04 ± 0.819 h,area under the concentration versus time curve(AUC)=81.85±14.24mghL-1; 2)s.c. administration: T1/2ka= 1.36± 0.75 h,T1/2β=17.92 ± 9.19 h,Tmax=3.18±1.05h,Cmax=5.12±0.99μgmL-1,AUC=56.73±5.25mghL-1,F=71.03 ± 14.15%. The results indicated that clorsulon in sheep following a single s.c.administration was absorbed rapidly and eliminated slower than that following a single i.v.administration,and showed a better bioavailability.     

宁夏日光温室东方百合引种试验

从荷兰引进东方百合8个品种,在宁夏日光温室进行了种植试验观察,结果表明:西伯利亚、索邦、元帅3个品种较适合本地温室生产,具有出苗整齐、花梗粗长,花蕾较大、花色鲜艳、切花率较高等优良品质,并针对试验过程中发现的主要问题,为当地东方百合生产提出了几点建议.     

Adsor ption and Degradation of Bensu—lfuron—methylin Paddy Field

This paper studied adsorption and deyradation of bensulfuron-methyl(BSM) by bioassay method.The results showed that adsorption rate of BSM increased with increasing organic matter content.Degradation velocity of BSM changed fast with pH increasing and temperature decreasing.There were different degradation of BSM between in water and soil.BSM was degraded rapidly in initial period.Afterward the degradation of BSM was slow dow.With increasing organic matter content deyradation of BSM in water was faster than that in soil.     

5种核果类果树的耐盐性与抗盐性分析

为了筛选耐、抗盐桃树砧木,笔者以蒙古扁桃、长柄扁桃、毛桃、筑波4号实生苗和毛樱桃扦插苗为试材,研究其耐盐性、抗盐性及其分离情况。结果表明:正常生长的基质含盐量:毛樱桃接近0.08 g/kg,其他树种/品种<1.8 g/kg;致死基质含盐量:毛樱桃1.8 g/kg,筑波4号、长柄扁桃、毛桃2.8 g/kg,蒙古扁桃>4.8 g/kg。蒙古扁桃、毛桃、长柄扁桃、筑波4号、毛樱桃的抗盐性分别为极强、强、中、弱、极弱。5个树种/品种的实生后代均存在显著的耐盐性及抗盐性分离现象,分离范围:毛樱桃<筑波4号、蒙古扁桃<长柄扁桃<毛桃,可从中筛选抗性较强的植株。     

几种核果类果树耐酸性与抗酸性的研究

以实生苗为试材,采用无土栽培的方法研究蒙古扁桃(P.mongolica)、长柄扁桃(P.pedunculata)、筑波4号(P.persicacv.'tsukuba-4')、筑波5号(P.persicacv.'tsukuba-5')等4个核果类树种/品种的耐酸性与抗酸性,为桃树砧木资源的开发利用提供耐酸性试验依据。结果表明:4个供试树种/品种正常生长的最低基质pH值为5.0~5.5;致死基质pH值:筑波4号、5号为4.5,长柄扁桃为3.5,蒙古扁桃小于2.5;蒙古扁桃、长柄扁桃、筑波4号、筑波5号的耐酸性分别为强、中等、弱和极弱,抗酸性分别为极强、强、弱和极弱;筑波4号、筑波5号、长柄扁桃和蒙古扁桃实生个体间均存在广泛的耐/抗酸性分离情况;筑波5号实生群体抗酸性分离范围小,筑波4号、长柄扁桃、蒙古扁桃抗酸性分离范围大。     

梨孢属的新记录种及其变种和两个已知种

 本文报道梨孢属(Pyricularia)在莎草科(Cyperaceae)上的一个新记录种希氏梨孢(Pyricularia higginsii Lutrell)和新记录变种希氏梨孢浦那变种(Pyricularia higginsii Lutrellvar,ponsnsis Thirum,Kulkarai&Patel),以及姜科上的二个已知种闭鞘姜梨孢(Pyriculariacosti(Sawada)Ito)和姜梨孢(Pyricularia zingiberi Nishikado)的新分布和新寄主植物.     

大庆土壤盐碱菌的分离鉴定

从大庆盐碱土样品中分离得到5株嗜碱菌,对其进行编号为t8,t7,t5,t6,t2.五株菌均为革兰氏阳性,好氧,其中t8,t5,t6产芽孢.对这五株菌进行系统分类学研究,结果表明t8,t5,t6与碱杆菌属中的A.haloalkaliphil亲缘关系最近,t7与碱杆菌属中的A.filiformis亲缘关系最近,t2归为Bacillus sp.     

Optimization of Cultivation Conditions for Exopolysaccharide and Mycelial Biomass by Clitocybe sp.Using Box-Behnken Design

Response surface(RSM)methodology based on a three-level three-factor Box-Behnken design of experiment was used to optimize the exopolysaccharide content(EPC)and the mycelium biomass in submerged cultivation by Clitocybe sp. AS 5.112. The critical factors selected for the investigation were cultivation temperature,time and volume of medium,based on the results of previous Plackett-Burman design. By analyzing the response surface plots,the optimum ranges of cultivation temperature,time and medium volume for obtaining over 1 253.00μgmL-1 of EPC lie in 24.3-25.8℃,9.7- 10.2d and 76.0-90.0 mL,respectively. While for obtaining over 8.32 mg mL-1 of dry cell weight(DCW),the above variables would be in the range of 23.8- 24.8℃,9.6- 10.3 d and 71.0 - 98.0mL,respectively. By solving the inverse matrix from the quadratic regression equations,the optimal conditions to gain 1 265.45μgmL-1 of EPC were 25.0℃,9.9d and 83.4mL,to gain8.50mg mL-1 of DCW were 24.4℃,9.9d and 87.1mL. In order to obtain the maximum yield of EPC and DCW at the same time,the above conditions would be 24.5℃,9.9d and 84.7mL,respectively,in this situation,the maximum predicted EPC and DCW were 1 261.60μgmL-1and 8.47 mg mL-1,respectively.. The experimental data under various conditions have validated the theoretical values.     

土家族药竹节参及其近似品种的研究进展

竹节参及其近似品种珠子参、扣子七等为人参属植物,均为少常用中药,但由于几种药材植物性状和功效的相近,造成这几种药物长时间的混用。研究对不同产区的竹节参及其近似品种的化学成分及其含量的不同进行了比较,旨在为进一步理清该属植物的分类提供化学依据。     

土家族药竹节参及其近似品种的研究进展(英文)

竹节参及其近似品种珠子参、扣子七等为人参属植物,均为少常用中药,但由于几种药材植物性状和功效的相近,造成这几种药物长时间的混用。对不同产区的竹节参及其近似品种的化学成分及其含量的不同进行比较,旨在为进一步理清该属植物的分类提供化学依据。竹节参根茎横卧呈竹鞭状,节结膨大,节间较短,每节有一浅环形的茎基痕。珠子参呈扁球型、圆锥形或不规则菱角形,偶呈连珠状,直径0.5～2.8cm,表面棕黄色或黄褐色,有明显疣状突起及皱纹,偶有圆形凹陷的茎痕,有的一侧或两侧残存细的节间。扣子七根茎细长而弯曲,与珠子参两者药用同为根茎,其性状也极为相似,不同点仅在于珠子参节膨大如环而扣子七节膨大呈球或纺锤状故名扣子七或钮子七。竹节参、珠子参和扣子七药用为其根茎,茎叶也可作药用,其功效多偏于补中益气,生肌止血,多用于气血虚弱,劳嗽咯血,跌扑损伤等。竹节参及近似品种的主要活性成分为皂苷类,且都以含齐墩果烷型五环三萜皂苷为主,同时均含有较微量的达玛烷型四环三萜皂苷,但在主要皂苷的含量和微量皂苷的组成上它们却有明显差异。此外,竹节参等还分离出糖类及少量的挥发油、含氮化合物、无机元素、维生素C、丁二酸等。     

文学批评的改造与独立——从艾·阿·瑞恰兹到诺斯罗普·弗莱

在英美文学批评的发展过程中，有一个阶段十分重要。在这一阶段，批评不但摆脱了传统的印象式文学鉴赏形式，在文学内部被重新定义，而且逐渐被专业化和制度化，成为大学教育中的一门学科。这一过程中，瑞恰兹、克莱恩、兰色姆和弗莱几位批评家起到了至关重要的作用,文章讨论这几位批评家是如何重新定义文学批评并使之适应大学教育，并最终使批评独立于其他学科的。