INFLUENCE OF THE GEOMTRIC PARAMETERS OF LOW FINNED TUBE ON BOLHING HEAT TRANSFER AND OPTIMIZATION OF THE PARAMETERS

On the basis of the mechanism of the boiling heat transfer on low finned tube, the influence of the geometric parameters of low finned tube on boiling heat transfer is synthetically analyzed and relevant criteria which affect the optimal structure of low finned tube is deduced in this paper. The boiling heat transfer experiment on low finned tube is conducted. Distilled water and R-113 are used as test fluids The experiment is performed at local atmospheric pressure. Synthesizing a large amount of experimental data, the semiempirical equations for the optimal geometric parameters of lowfinned tube are established     

AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF BOILING HEAT TRANSFER ON SMOOTH TUBE BUNDLES

This paper introduces the clarifying influence of the intertube spacing, the tube arrangement,the heat flux and the working fluid on boiling heat tra(?)sfer of smooth tube bundles. The tube bundles include the arrangements of twin tubes, triple tubes, seven tubes and thirteen tubes. The relative intertube spacing of the tube bundles is from 0. 9 to 3. 3. Experimental results show that the tube position and intertube spacting have no effect on boiling curves for the region of fully-devoloped boiling. And they considerably affect the heat transfer coefficient for the transition region between natural convection and nucleate boiling. In general,the heat transfer coefficient in the transition region for the upper tubes can be enhanced by 0. 5 to 1. 5 times.     

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON BOILING HEAT TRANSFER OUTSIDE THE LOW FINNED TUBE WITH SHROUD

Based on analysis of pool boiling characteristics outside low finned tube, this paper describes a simple method, using enhancing shroud to improve the performance of boiling heat transfer outside the low finned tube. The experiment results show that the boiling heat transfer coefficient can be 7-up to 10-fold enhanced by using shroud. The efficiency of a shroud is related to the size of two windows, heat flux and physical characteristics of test fluids.     

Heat Transfer and Friction Characteristics for Cross-flow over Staggered External Three-dimensional Finned Tube Banks

In this paper, the heat transfer and friction characteristics for cross-flow over staggered new external three-dimensional finned tube banks developed by the Chongqing University of China are investigated by means of cross optimization experiment. The results of experiment show that the rate of heat transfer is enhanced from 1.5 to 2.5 and the ratio of pressure drop is increased from 1 to 3.5 compared to the bare tubes in the range of Reynolds numbers Re=2 900-14 000. The heat transfer and friction factor correlations are obtained through step by step regression and then, the influence of geometric parameters of fins on the characteristics of heat transfer and friction is analyzed.     

Convection Heat Transfer Coefficient Distribution Over the Single Rectangle Fin Surface

Rectangle fin is widely used in different kinds of heat exchangrs. Convection heat transfercoefficient distribution over the fin surface is one of the theorehcal problems in research on enhancement of heat transfer. In this paper, a tube with an attached rectangular fin is used for a model and thefin surface is divided into a network of nodes by the finite difference techinque. When the wind velocityis u= 4. 5 m/s. the temperature distribution of discretization is obtained by experimental measurement,then the convection heat transfer coefficient of all nodes are soved by using the methed of inverse heatconduction problem. Through checking with heat balance methed, the results show that the solution cancorrectly express the actual heat transfer situation.This result is useful to experimental research onenhancement of heat transfer for finned for heat exchangers.     

THE EFFECT OF THE CONVECT1VE HEAT TRANSFER IN THE ENTRANCE REGION OF THE TUBE ON THE HEAT TRANSFER IN THE TRBE -MOUTH REGION OF THE HIGH TEMPERATURE HEAT EXCHANGE EQUIPMENT

The effect of the convective heat transfer in the entrance region of the tube on the temperature field and the maximum temperature of the tube material in the tube -mouth region of the high temperature heat exchange equipment is examined by numerical analysis. The computations on the basis of four different formulas for convection heat transfer coefficient are performed. The computed results indicate that the efect can not be ignored as for heat protection of the tube -mouth region and it is resapnable and secure that the mean convective heat transfer coefficient with taking account of the effect of the entrance region is used in the thermal design of the tube -mouth region.     

Experiment for Condensing Heat Transfer Performance in a New Type of Horizontal Three Dimensional Inner Microfin Tubes

A new type of three dimenstional inner microfin tube is devoloped. Under four different pressures and in the range of condensing mass velocities from 33 to 153 kg/m2 . s,and by the experimental study of the three kinds of tubes with different microfin parameters, the performances of the condensation heat transfer for R11 in the horizontal microfin tubes and obtained. The experiments show that the inner microfin tube is a hopeful and nighty effective condensing heat transfer enhancement tube.     

THE EFFECTS OF HEAT CONDUCTING CROSS-SECTION AREA AND AXIAL HEAT CONDUCTION ON THE HEAT TRANSFER IN THE TUBE-MOUTH REGION OF THE HIGH TEMPERATURE HEAT EXCHANGE EQUIPMENT

In this paper the heat transfer in the tube-mouth region of the high temperatur heat exchange equipment is deeply analysed. The effect; of the heat conducting cross-section area of the tube-mouth region and axial heat conduction along the tube on the temperature field is emphatically examined by numerical computation, and then the relation of the highest temperature in the tube with the elongated tube length is established. The computed results in this paper are compared with those without taking account of these two factors. It is shown that the effect can not be ignored for the corrosion-protection by controlling temperature.     

Pressure Drop and Evaporative Heat Transfer Characteristics of Air-water Bubbling Flow

A new kind of evaporative heat transfer experiment for the cooling process of condensers is conducted. The test coil is immersed in an air-water bubbling layer. The air-water two-phase flow passes through the heating tubes of the coil. Due to the motion of the air bubbles in the water, a thin water film forms on the surface of the heating tubes. As the air bubbles passing by the tubes the water is evaporated into the air. The tubes of coil reject heat to the water film, and the evaporation of the water film then rejects heat to the air bubble stream. This heat transfer mode significantly increases the heat transfer coefficient between tubes and air. The consumption of the power of a water pump can be decreased. Moreover, the airflow rate required is less than that of an air-cooled condenser.The pressure drop of air through air-water bubbling layer and the heat transfer between the tubes and water are experimentally investigated in the paper. The results show that the factors affecting the pressure drop and the heat transfer coefficient involve the pore geometry of sieve plate, the height of the air-water bubbling layer, the air flow rate through the sieve plate and the heat flux of tubes. The heat transfer coefficient between tube and water is two times larger than that of falling film of water on the outer surface of tube.     

EXPERIMENTED INVESTIGATION OF EFFECT OF THE INCLINATION ON HEAT TRANSFER ON TUBE

The present paper discribes experiment research of effect of the inclination on heat transfer on 9 kinds of plain tubes in atomosphere, working fluids are distill water and ethanel. Experinent result show very obvious effect of inclination of pool boiling heat transfer. The larger heat transfer increases, the larger the inclination does. The correlation obtained on 524 experiment data can be used for reference to engineering design in prospect of heat transger coefficient.     

Heat Transfer Performance of Horizontal Enhanced Condenser Tubes

In this paper, experimental results on heat transfer performance of a low integral-fin tube, thermoexcel-C tube (C tube) and a new horizontal double-side enhanced condenser tube (GC tube) have been reported for condensation of R-11. Within our experimental scope,the overall heat transfer coefficient of the GC tube can increase more than 5 times that of the smooth tube . And the relevant friction factor inside the GC tube can be 7 times that of the smooth tube. The Second law of thermodynamics was applied to develop a new criterion to assess the heat transfer performance of the GC tube,the C tube,the low integral-fin tube,and the DAC tube[1] (another doubleside enhanced condenser tube). The result shows the heat transfer performance of the GC tube is superior to the other tubes from a thermodynamical viewpoint.     

Experimental investigation of electrothermal defrost tubes’ arrangement on heat transfer and flow resistance characteristics of evaporator

The paper presents new arrangement types of electrothermal defrost tubes and manufactures four evaporator samples. Through a wind tunnel refrigeration experimental test-bed, relatively experiments for every sample are carried to study heat transfer and flow resistances characteristics of evaporator. The experiment results show that in experimental face velocity range from 1.5 m/s to 4.3 m/s compared with flat-fin evaporator, the unit area of cooling capacity of DK-8 evaporator increased 28.1% to 36.2%, the fin surface coefficient of heat transfer raises 79.2% to 83.5%, the compressor COP (Coefficient of Performance) improves 38.2% to 46.9%, and the air side flow resistance decreases 5.29% to 18.3% in the same experimental condition and geometric size. The increase amplitude of COP is obviously higher than air side flow resistance. The experimental investigation results prove that it is completely feasible optimized combing defrost design with heat transfer enhancement design.     

CONDENSATION HEAT TRANSFER ON THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL EXTENDED SURFACE TUBE ATTACHED BY A POROUS DRAINAGE STRIP

An experimental study was carried out for the condensation heat transfer on the three dimensional extended surface tube attached by a porous drainage strip. The results show that the combination of the three dimensional extended surface and the porous drainage strip is the effective method enhancing condensation heat tiansfer on the horizontal tube. The change of the shape arid depth of the axial grooves results in a 10% vaitation of condensation heal transfer coei ficienls. In the range of the experiments, for aocohol as the working fluid, the enhancement is up to 152%, and for water, 185% as compared with the horizontal low-finned tube.     

RESEARCH OF HIGH EFFICIENT ENERGY-SAVING AMMONIA AIR COOLER

This paper is a comprehensive report about the research of high efficient energy-saving ammonia air cooler. In the paper, it is introduced that the test of two-side long V-groove finned pipes which are fit for the evaporators of ammonia air coolers, optimum experiments of the finned pipes, and field experiments of contrasting the model machine with the old one in a cold storage. The result shows that the air-side heat transfer performance coefficient and the overall heat transfer performance coefficient of the two-side optimum long V-groove finned pipes are higher from 18.25% and 12.85% than those of conven tional rectangular plain-plate finned pipes respectively. At last, it is introduced the structure design of the high efficient energy-saving air cooler. Used by a few of units, it is proved that this type of air cooler has characteristics of compact structure, less floor area occupied, high heat transfer efficiency, convenient maintenance and management, and is of notable economical effect.     

武汉与重庆典型地质结构下的地埋管换热性能

地埋管地源热泵换热器的换热性能受到不同地质结构的影响。以武汉和重庆地区的典型地质构成为边界条件,建立了三维地埋管的单孔双U管换热模型,通过模型计算,获得了两种地质条件下的地埋管换热性能,以重庆地区的地源热泵热响应测试结果以及工程运行数据出发,对模型的计算结果进行了验证,结果表明,模型吻合度较好,可以应用于工程分析。以模型为条件,进行地质结构对换热性能的影响度分析,预测了两地地埋管地源热泵的换热性能并计算得到换热器的平均换热系数分别为武汉地区K₁=1.65（W/m·K）,重庆地区K₂=1.51（W/m·K）。     

NUMERICAL STUDY OF NATURAL CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER IN A PARTIAL CAVITY

A numerical analysis is carried out for the unsteady and steady, two-dimensional, laminar natural convection heat transfer in a square partial cavity. The partial cavity consists of two horizontal adiabatic surfaces, a vertical hot surface and a cold surface with varied opening. The results are obtained for Ra = 10~3-10~6 and Y0 = 0.0-1.0. This study shows that the opening size has significant effect on the flow and heat transfer in partial cavity, and the. extent of its effect changes with different Rayleigh numbers.     

THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION OF CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER THROUGH A HORIZONTAL ANNULUS

A second law analysis is carried out on convective heat transfer through a horizontal annulus with constant heat flux. The entropy generation rate expression is obtained,and the influence of heat transfer across a finite temperature difference and fluid friction on the entropy generation rate is discussed. The optimum geometric parameters of a horfzontal annulus is found for which the entropy generated is minimum. The optimum fluid velocity which corresponds to the optimum geometric parameters is recommended.     

ANALYSIS AND CALCULATION OF CONDENSATION HEAT TRANSFER ON HORIZONTAL LOW-FINNED TUBE ATTACHED BY A POROUS DRAINAGE STRIP

An analytical model was proposed for the condensation heat transfer on the horizontal low-finned tube attached by a porous drainage strip, and compared with the experimental data with a good agreement. The permeability of the porous drainage strip was also experimentally determined.     

NUMERICAL STUDY OF FLOW AND HEAT TRANSFER IN AN INCLINED RECTANGULAR FIN GROOVE

Flow and heat transfer are numerically studied in a rectangular fin groove when the fin base is heated with contsant temperature. Rayleigh number, inclination , aspect ratio, thick ness and conductivity of the fin are systematically changed to examine their effects. Five flow patterns are found, local and average characteristics are given, and the mechanism of heat transfer is discussed. The results can be used as a reference for fin designs.     

太阳能辅助热泵干燥粮食的数值模拟研究

粮食的干燥过程实质上是多孔介质热湿耦合传递的过程.基于多孔介质热质传递理论,通过数值模拟的方法,针对利用太阳能辅助热泵干燥粮食时热风随时间变化的情况,采用综合温度和空气绝对湿度作为瞬态边界条件来对干燥过程中粮食内部温度和水分的变化进行模拟研究.模拟结果显示小麦水分在干燥150 h后达到安全水分13.6％(干基),而实验结果显示小麦水分在干燥135 h后达到安全水分13.6％(干基),二者对比相差不大,并且模拟温度与试验温度吻合较好.