大豆/玉米间作模式及施肥水平对大豆霜霉病及大豆与玉米生长的影响

研究了大豆/玉米间作模式及施肥对大豆霜霉病的发生发展及大豆与玉米生长的影响.结果表明:大豆/玉米间作能够显著降低大豆霜霉病的发病率和病情指数;而且在间作体系中,施肥处理大豆霜霉病的发病率和病情指数均低于未施肥处理.大豆/玉米间作显著影响大豆和玉米的生长,不同施肥处理间大豆和玉米的地上部生物量差异显著.施肥显著促进玉米的...     

玉米密度、行距和穴距对间作大豆光合速率的效应分析

应用三因素五水平回归正交旋转组合设计的方法,研究了玉米密度、行距和穴距对间作大豆光合速率的影响,并建立相应回归方程.结果表明:方程拟合程度较好,玉米密度、行距和穴距对间作大豆光合速率有显著的影响.玉米密度对间作大豆光合速率的效应呈现倒抛物线曲线,玉米行距和穴距对间作大豆光合速率的效应呈现抛物线曲线.玉米行距和穴距对间作大豆光合速率具有交互效应.在玉米生产密度下,适当增加玉米生产的行距和穴距,可以提高间作大豆的光合速率.     

玉米大豆间作对辽西地区作物生长和产量的影响

在大田试验条件下,研究了玉米||大豆间作对辽西地区作物生长和产量的影响.结果表明:间作对玉米、大豆各项生长指标均有不同程度的影响;间作模式玉米的产量及产量性状指标均高于单作模式,尤其边行1的优势更为明显;灌溉条件与雨养条件下对比发现,间作模式下玉米产量性状指标差异不显著,而单作模式下穗长、穗粒数和产量灌溉处理高于雨养处...     

大豆/玉米间作对大豆叶片光合特性和叶绿素荧光动力学参数的影响

通过大田试验,研究了间作种植模式导致的遮阴对大豆叶片光合特性和叶绿素荧光动力学参数的影响.结果表明:间作处理增加大豆叶绿素含量、表观量子效率和CO2 补偿点,显著降低大豆叶片的羧化效率(CE)、光补偿点( LCP) 和光饱和点( LSP).间作大豆叶片净光合速率(Pn)日变化由"双峰"型变为"单峰"型,日光合总量显著低于单作.间作大豆叶片气孔导度(Gs) 提高, 蒸腾速率( Tr) 下降, 胞间CO2浓度(Ci)升高.此外,间作大豆叶片Fv、Fv/Fm和Fv/F0显著降低.大豆在间作导致的遮阴条件下通过提高表观量子利用效率,减少暗呼吸消耗,以利于植株在弱光环境下光合产物的积累.     

西南山区玉米大豆2:3间作大豆增产栽培技术

介绍了西南山区玉米大豆2:3间作大豆增产栽培关键技术,包括品种选择、适宜播期、田间配置、施肥及管理等措施。     

甘蔗不同种植行距间套种大豆试验

以甘蔗桂糖21号不同种植行距为主区,间种大豆不同行数为副区,探索一条适合甘蔗间套种大豆的有效栽培和管理模式,为其间套种大豆技术提供科学依据。结果表明,1.2m甘蔗种植行距间种单行大豆较有利于甘蔗和大豆的产量形成,总产值位列第一。甘蔗桂糖21号间套种大豆以1.2m种植行距间种单行大豆的种植方式为宜。     

玉米大豆间作空间比例模式研究

以玉米品种麒单8号和大豆品种滇豆86-5为试验材料,研究不同播幅(幅宽133cm、150cm、170cm、200cm)对玉米大豆间作的产量及效益的影响。结果表明,不同播幅对产量及效益有较大影响,玉米大豆间作最佳播幅为幅宽150cm。     

鲁西北地区夏玉米/大豆间作适宜模式分析

为探索鲁西北地区最适宜的夏玉米/大豆间作模式,选用豫单9953玉米和齐黄34大豆为材料进行大田试验,以玉米单作和大豆单作模式作为对照,设置夏玉米/大豆6种行比间作模式(2∶4、2∶6、2∶8、3∶4、3∶6、3∶8),分析比较不同间作模式对夏玉米、大豆生物学性状、产量及综合经济效益的影响。结果表明:间作下玉米秃尖长、穗行数、行粒数、单穗粒重均显著优于单作玉米,具有一定正间作效应;大豆株高、底荚高度、分枝数、节数、有效荚数、单株粒数均比单作大豆低,具有一定负间作效应。2∶4、3∶4、3∶6、2∶6、3∶8和2∶8间作模式下土地当量比分别为1.32、1.28、1.21、1.18、1.14和1.11,增产效益明显,均具有间作优势,尤其2∶4间作模式增产优势最大,相比玉米单作增收值达到4 879.28元·hm^-2。综合考虑不同间作模式的经济效益及小型机械操作,2∶4间作模式较适宜在鲁西北地区推广应用。     

不同玉米大豆间作行比对大豆光合特性及产量的影响

为研究适合东北黑土区玉米大豆间作行比,促进玉米大豆间作模式推广应用,本研究以玉米大豆间作系统为主要研究对象,设置玉米单作(M)、大豆单作(S)、玉米大豆行比2∶4间作(M2S4)、玉米大豆行比4∶4间作(M4S4)和玉米大豆行比4∶6间作(M⁴S⁶)处理,分析不同间作行比对大豆株高及干物质积累、光合特性相关指标、产量及经济产值分析的影响。结果表明：间作显著增加了大豆株高,降低了干物质量,同时,随着玉米条带数的降低及大豆条带数的增加,光合参数Gs和Tr与单作处理之间呈显著性差异,而Ci则呈现相反的变化趋势。4∶4间作行比(M4S4)处理具有较好的间作优势,土地当量比为1.26,在考虑了政府补贴后,间作复合经济产值显著高于各单作处理,其中,M4S4处理最具有增收潜力。综上,M4S4模式为东北黑土区最佳玉米大豆间作配置方式。     

覆盖作物在玉米/大豆间作模式中的效应分析

在玉米/大豆2∶2型间作模式中以大豆作为覆盖作物,从生物覆盖的角度对玉米根际土壤、田间气候的温湿度变化、玉米农艺性状及产量进行分析,研究间作系统中覆盖作物对主作物所产生的效应。结果表明,在玉米行间种植覆盖作物,土壤含水量在玉米乳熟期比玉米单作平均提高15.1%,10～30 cm土壤温度平均提升1.4℃,田间气温提高1℃。与单作相比,玉米各农艺性状有所改善,产量明显增加,土壤水分利用率最高可达10.5%。覆盖作物对主作物所产生的效应是覆盖、互作、叠加、互补等多种效应的复合表现,对主作物根际土壤及田间气候的温度、湿度具有调节作用,可有效提高光能和土壤水分利用率。通过覆盖作物和主作物间作的有机结合,可达到旱作农业用地与养地有效统一。     

Below-Ground Competition in a Maize/Groundnut Intercropping System as Affected by the Rooting Soil Layer

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted to compare the below-ground competition between the intercropped maize (Zea mays L.) and two groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.) cultivars regarding the rooting soil layer. Three rows of each cultivar of groundnut (cvs. X-14 and Red Spanish) were planted in between two rows of maize (cv. Badra) with inter-row spacing of 30 cm and intra-row spacing of 15 cm. Aluminium sheets, 10 cm in height, were placed as a root barrier between the maize and groundnut rows at three depths, i.e., 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm from the soil surface. In the control plot, the soil was trenched and refilled without the aluminium partitions. The ear and total biomass yield of the maize intercropped with X-14 with the root barrier at 0-10 cm depth, were significantly larger than those with the root barriers at the depths of 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm and the control. The yield (crop or total biomass) of the maize intercropped with Red Spanish was not significantly affected by the root barrier. In conclusion, groundnut cultivar X-14 was more suitable for intercropping with maize than Red Spanish, probably due to the differences in the rooting properties in the top soil layer.     

Isoflavonoid Accumulation Pattern as Affected by Shading from Maize in Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) in Relay Strip Intercropping System

Abstract

Soybean is the most common resource of isoflavonoid in human food. Wide development of relay strip intercropped soybean has contributed to the soybean industry in China. Due to the shading from maize, growth and grain production of soybean is reduced. However, whether soybean isoflavonoid accumulation pattern is influenced in the relay strip intercropping system is still unclear. Here, we studied the accumulation patterns of soybean isoflavones in the relay strip intercropping system and sole cropping system at the per-harvest stage. The accumulation patterns of soybean isoflavones at the postharvest stage were also studied. The results indicated that accumulation patterns of soybean isoflavones of all varieties in leaf and seed in the two systems were similar, but the trend was delayed in the relay strip intercropping system compared with the sole cropping system. During the pod filling stage, the total content of isoflavone, M-type isoflavone content, G-type isoflavone content in seed in the relay strip intercropping system were lower than those in the sole cropping system. During the after-ripening period, seed isoflavone content, M-type isoflavone content, G-type isoflavone content in seed increased in both systems, but were higher in the relay strip intercropping system. The temperature and photosynthetically active radiation were significantly lower in relay intercropping than in sole cropping, while relative humidity showed the opposite trend. Path analysis showed that total isoflavone content in leaves and seeds showed a significantly positive correlation with temperature and photosynthetically active radiation, but significantly negative correlation with relative humidity. Correlation analysis between the highest isoflavone content in sole cropping or relay intercropping seeds and agronomic traits revealed a significant positive correlation between the number of both branches and pods with total isoflavone, M-type isoflavone and G-type isoflavone in both systems.     

西北半干旱区大豆不同间作模式效益分析

研究了马铃薯||大豆、玉米||大豆以及单作条件下马铃薯、玉米、大豆的主要农艺性状和效益.结果表明:间作模式对马铃薯和玉米主要农艺性状影响不明显,大豆有效分枝数较单作分别降低了68.3%和32.1%;2种间作模式的土地当量比均大于1(LER=1.56和1.30),间作优势明显;间作模式下公顷纯收益较大豆单作分别增加了13...     

间作系统中玉米光合作用指标改善的研究

通过对玉米和大豆间作系统中玉米的某些光合指标进行研究。结果表明,在间作种植方式下,玉米叶片的叶绿素含量、光合速率、蒸腾速率及气孔导度均表现为较单作不同程度的增大趋势;从整个生育期来看,4种光合指标的变化基本一致,都呈单峰型曲线变化。在抽雄期和灌浆期达到一个高峰,然后下降,但间作玉米下降的幅度要小于单作玉米。说明间作方式改善了玉米的光合作用条件,增强了玉米的光合能力。     

玉米间作系统的生理生态效应研究进展

简要概述了玉米间作系统在自然资源的有效利用、抗逆减灾、土壤污染修复等方面的生理生态效应,并对该领域研究的发展前景进行了初步探讨。     

套作对不同类型玉米苗期展开叶生长的影响

通过对四种类型玉米在套作条件下,其苗期展开叶片生长特点的研究表明:套作与麦茬直播相比,其苗期的展开叶片变长、变窄,其长宽比增大,比叶重减小40%～63%,叶绿素a、叶绿素b的含量分别降低30.8%～39.1%、32.1%～42.3%。     

不同除草剂对间作玉米大豆的药害及除草效果

采用盆栽方法模拟玉米大豆间作模式栽培,选用10种土壤处理除草剂和13种茎叶处理除草剂,研究不同除草剂对玉米、大豆生长发育的影响及杂草的防效。结果表明:通过试验筛选出药害轻或药害后能恢复的5种土壤处理剂和5种茎叶处理剂,5种土壤处理剂分别为二甲戊灵、精异丙甲草胺、扑·乙·滴丁酯、乙·嗪·滴丁酯、嗪酮·乙草胺,5种茎叶处理剂分别为灭草松、噻吩磺隆、双氟·唑嘧胺、氟醚·灭草松、咪唑乙烟酸。二甲戊灵和嗪酮·乙草胺的土壤处理中玉米、大豆的株高、茎粗和干物重与清水对照差异不显著,对玉米、大豆安全,株防效分别为60.58%和60.58%,鲜重防效分别为67.12%和55.35%。精异丙甲草胺影响间作玉米的株高和茎粗,但不影响玉米干物质的积累,株防效和鲜重防效分别为71.96%和78.83%,高于其它除草剂。茎叶处理中灭草松安对玉米、大豆的株高、茎粗和干物重与清水对照差异不显著,株防效为52.7%,低于其它除草剂。噻吩磺隆处理后,玉米、大豆的株高受到抑制,茎增粗,但药害能恢复,且除草效果高于其它处理,株防效和鲜重防效分别为73.88%和96.1%。土壤处理剂二甲戊灵和茎叶处理剂灭草松对玉米、大豆更安全,土壤处理剂精异丙甲草胺和茎叶处理剂噻吩磺隆除草效果更好。