甜菜机械化收获方式分析与探讨

介绍了甜菜机械化收获的意义,甜菜机械化收获方式及不同收获方式的工艺路线,分析了我国甜菜机械化收获的发展现状,提出适合我国国情的甜菜切顶新思路。     

国内外甜菜生产与机械化收获分析

甜菜作为主要的糖料作物,近年来其生产与机械化收获已呈现出蓬勃发展的势头,本文阐述了甜菜在世界主要区域的种植生产与分布情况以及在我国的种植分布情况,简要分析了甜菜的人工收获、分段收获和联合收获的机械化收获历程.阐述了国内外甜菜机械化收获的现状和发展趋势,并结合我国甜菜机械化收获当前的实际情提出了甜菜机械化收获发展的措施和建议.     

甜菜种植与机械化收获概况

甜菜是我国的主要糖料作物之一.随着经济的快速发展、人们生活水平和生活质量的不断提高,对食糖及其原料的生产业提出了新的、更高的要求.为此,叙述了国内外甜菜的生产分布情况、主要品种类型及种植农艺.在介绍甜菜机械化收获过程及方式的基础上,阐述了目前国内外机械化收获的概况,并对发展国内甜菜机械化收获提出了相关建议及对策.     

甜菜分段式收获机在我国发展前景分析

1引言我国甜菜生产机械化落后,特别是收获环节的机械化作业水平低更是不争的事实。如何利用国产机械装备来推进我国甜菜收获机械化发展,是摆在农机人面前的一个重要课题。但是发展什么样的机型来满足实现我国甜菜生产机械化的要求,目前尚没有统一的认识,仍处     

塔城地区甜菜机械化收获技术应用及分析

文中基于塔城地区甜菜机械化收获情况,介绍现阶段国内外甜菜收获机械化收获方式,分析现阶段国内外甜菜收获机械现状,并提出问题和建议。     

4TWP-3型甜菜挖掘铺放收获机的研制

甜菜是仅次于甘蔗的世界第二大产糖类作物,在我国种植区域主要分布在新疆、内蒙古、黑龙江和河北等地。我国甜菜收获方式以传统人工收获和分段式收获为主。甜菜收获机械化水平较低,存在着机具地域适应性差、作业性能不达标和联合作业机型少等问题。该甜菜挖掘铺放收获机的研制成功减少了收获步骤,提高了作业效率,提升了甜菜收获过程的自动化、智能化水平。     

对伊犁州甜菜收获机械化发展的探讨

介绍了伊犁州引进的甜菜收获机的使用情况和制约甜菜收获机械化发展的因素,提出了推进甜菜收获机械化发展的对策。     

小型甜菜收获机的研制

针对目前国内甜菜收获现状,研发设计了一款小型甜菜收获机,它采用类似于联合收割机的机身外观以及大前轮驱动和小后轮转向的驱动技术,将我国传统单一工作流程的甜菜收获机系列化组合在一起,提高收获效率并减少收获成本。该甜菜收获机可以对不同的地质进行高效率收获作业,解决了进口甜菜收获机械不适合我国土壤条件下的甜菜收获作业问题,保证了甜菜收获质量、出糖率,大大降低了甜菜的收获成本。小型甜菜收获机的开发和利用有较好的市场前景和实用价值,同时可带动甜菜收获全程机械化的发展。     

甜菜分段式收获机在我国发展前景分析

<正>我国甜菜生产机械化落后,特别是收获环节的机械化作业水平低。实现甜菜收获机械化,关键在于机械装备。不同地区不同种植规模需要不同类型的产品,产品种类和机型多样化是必然趋势。由于国产甜菜收获机械装备落后,不能满足生产之需要,     

糖料甜菜机械化生产农艺规范

从播前整地、播种、田间管理和收获等环节研究甜菜机械化生产农艺措施,介绍了每个作业环节的机具,对提高甜菜产量、改善甜菜品质、提高甜菜种植效益和促进我国糖料产业的健康发展有重要意义。      

Grimme公司Maxtron 620新型自走式甜菜挖掘收获机

简要介绍了德国Grimme公司Maxtron 620新型自走式甜菜挖掘收获机的各主要部件结构特点和技术性能,为我国农机行业在研究和开发新型自走式甜菜挖掘收获机新产品时提供技术参考和借鉴。      

基于高光谱的甜菜冠层氮素遥感估算研究

利用野外便携式ASD Qualityspec光谱仪,实测了田间甜菜冠层光谱数据,采用植被指数对氮含量进行预测,发现估算精度较低,分析NDVI与VLOPT与氮含量的相关性,得出氮含量在很小的时候就达到饱和水平。根据4种预处理下的甜菜冠层光谱,分别采用偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)和主成分回归(PCR)建立甜菜氮含量估算模型,比较不同预处理和不同回归方法对估算精度的影响。结果表明:对PLSR来说,一阶导数处理的光谱数据建立的模型精度最好(RMSE=2.34g/kg,RE=19.6%),平滑、MSC和SNV建立的估算模型次之;对PCR来说,平滑处理的光谱数据建立的模型精度最好(RMSE=2.34g/kg,RE=19.4%)。总的看来,不同预处理对估算模型精度有一定的差异,但PLSR和PCR两种回归方法对甜菜氮含量估算模型影响不大。     

甜菜捡拾机研究现状及展望

甜菜是我国重要的糖料作物,市场需求量巨大。目前,甜菜收获主要依靠人工捡拾,人工需求量大且作业效率低。为了解放劳动力、提高生产效率,甜菜收获机械得到了一定普及和使用。受限于种植模式和机具作业性能,甜菜捡拾机械化水平较低。结合甜菜捡拾机研究现状,从甜菜捡拾机关键技术着手,分析了甜菜捡拾机发展瓶颈,指出甜菜捡拾机发展趋势。      

甜菜联合收获机输送升运装置设计

甜菜收获季节性强,劳动强度大,作业效率低,甜菜联合收获机能减轻劳动强度、提高作业效率,是甜菜机械化生产机具的发展趋势。设计了甜菜联合收获机输送升运装置,解决了甜菜收获作业的关键技术,有效降低了甜菜含杂率和粘土率,对甜菜收获机的发展起到巨大的推动作用。      

4TJ型甜菜捡拾收获机研制

设计了一种甜菜捡拾收获机,可以一次性完成甜菜的块茎捡拾、除杂清理、纵向输送、竖向举升和集中卸料等作业,经田间试验测试,块根黏土率1.6%,含杂率4.2%,块根总损失率3.9%,作业效率0.88 hm2/h。      

An assessment of the energy inputs and greenhouse gas emissions in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) production in the UK

Reducing the energy derived from fossil fuels within agricultural systems has important implications for decreasing atmospheric emissions of greenhouse gases, thus assisting the arrest of global warming. The identification of crop production methods that maximise energy efficiency and minimise greenhouse gas emissions is vital. Sugar beet is grown in a variety of locations and under a variety of agronomic conditions within the UK. This study identified thirteen production scenarios, representative of over 90% of the UK beet crop, which included five soil types, nine fertiliser regimes and nine crop protection strategies. The fossil energy input, the overall energy efficiency and the global warming potential (GWP) of each production scenario was assessed. This study did not consider the processing of the beet to extract sugar.The overall energy input of the UK beet crop ranges between 15.72 and 25.94 GJ/ha. It produces between 7.3 and 15.0 times as much energy in dry matter at the sugar factory gate as consumed in its production, with an average ratio of 9.7. It has an average GWP of 0.024 eq. t CO₂ per tonne of clean beet harvested, equivalent to 0.0062 eq. t CO₂ per GJ output. The energy input into each scenario was dictated largely by the energy associated with crop nutrition. The smallest energy inputs per hectare were to crops grown under organic conditions or conventional crops grown on fertile soils (clay loam, silt or peat) or sand soil with broiler manure applied. Those crops with the greatest energy input were grown on sand soil that was irrigated and had mineral fertiliser applied. Although the organic scenario grown on sandy loam soil had one of the smallest energy inputs per hectare, the low yield meant that the energy input was similar per tonne of beet harvested to the conventional crops grown on sandy loam soil. The extra distance travelled by organic beet from the farm to the factory increased the energy input per tonne above that of the conventional scenarios. The GWP was smallest for the conventional crops on the fertile peat and silt soils and greatest on the irrigated sand soils and the sandy loam soils. The organic scenario had a similar GWP to the conventional scenarios on sandy loam to the farm gate, although the greater diesel requirement for transport increased the GWP overall. The GWP per GJ of output for sugar beet in England is similar to published values for wheat.     

Risks of post-emergence weed control strategies in sugar beet: development and application of a bio-economic model

In The Netherlands, new farming systems have been developed that combine environmental sustainability with technical feasibility. Adoption of these new production strategies in practice seems to be hampered by their association with high levels of risks. In the case of weed control in sugar beet the risks of the new techniques concern manageability and probability of success in relation to meteorological aspects. The Bio-Economic model on STrategy choice in Weed control IN Sugar beet (BESTWINS) allows an efficient and consistent comparison of strategies ranging from conventional to environmentally friendly with respect to risk. Risk is calculated by implementing the various strategies under a range of meteorologically determined conditions. Risk is measured by the statistical value distributions of characteristic parameters of the weed control strategies; e.g. cost and required labour and active chemical ingredient. Calculations show that more sustainable strategies do not necessarily imply an increase in risk. Labour requirements for manual weeding are generally higher than for the biological strategy, but under exceptional conditions (95% point) other strategies show high requirements as well. Intensive tractor use increases labour requirements for strategies with row spraying combined with mechanical techniques. ©     

国内外甜菜生产全程机械化概况

介绍了国内外甜菜生产现状,重点阐述了国内外甜菜生产全程机械化各生产环节所涉及的耕整地机械、播种机械、育苗移栽机械、中耕机械、收获机械等,最后提出了发展甜菜生产全程机械化的保障措施与建议.     

半干旱区甜菜水分生产函数试验研究

为了研究甜菜的耗水规律和节水方法以达到在半干旱区大面积推广的目的,在具有典型半干旱区气候特征的甘南县,以不同生育期的土壤水分水平作为控制的纸筒甜菜盆栽试验,对甜菜蒸腾量和产量之间的函数关系和生育期耗水规律进行了研究,得出了不同生育期甜菜蒸腾量和产量之间的函数关系.采用Jensen模型进行了水分生产函数的求解,建立了甜菜的水分生产函数模型.试验结果表明,甜菜各个生育期耗水量从小到大依次是苗期、糖分积累期、叶丛生长期和块根增长期,需水高峰期在7月和8月;水分敏感指数的变化规律与甜菜的耗水规律相一致,叶丛生长期的λ值最大,说明这个时期甜菜对水分的需求特别敏感,应该重点进行补水灌溉.