2002/03年度全球棉花产量下降消费增加

美国农业部预测 2 0 0 2 /0 3年度全球棉花消费量为 2 0 94万吨 ,比上年多 43 .5万吨 ,其中增幅最大的是中国、印度、巴基斯坦和土耳其。棉花总产量为1 91 8万吨 ,减少 2 2 0多万吨。其中中国下降 6 4万吨 ,美国下降 5 4万包。全球棉花出口预计增加 2 %,达到 6 4 0万吨。棉花库存下降为 870万吨 ,比上年减少近 5 0 %。2002/03年度全球棉花产量下降消费增加@刘全义     

2003／04年度世界棉花供求形势

据美国农业部 5月初估计 ,由于 2 0 0 1 /0 2年度主要产棉国产量增加 ,2 0 0 2 /0 3年度全球棉花期初库存达 1 0 1 0万吨。本年度由于种植面积下降 ,产量减少 1 0 % ,而消费量增加 3.2 % ,期末库存降为 799万吨 ,同比下降 2 1 %。预计 2 0 0 3/0 4年度产量将增加 1 0 %左右 ,消费量仍有 1 %的增长 ,期末库存比2 0 0 2 /0 3年度减少 6%。2003/04年度世界棉花供求形势@刘全义     

2010/2011年度国际棉价因供应不足而高涨

2011年1月,ICAC分析认为,较低的库存、有限的新棉供应、强劲的需求和很少的现货等多种因素导致2010/2011年度棉花价格一路飙升。据估计,本年度全球棉花产量为2510万吨,比上年度增产330万吨;消费量2460万吨,与上年度持平;期末库存940万吨,仅比上年度增加50万吨。     

主产棉国棉花长势良好,全球总产预计达2280万吨

本年度全球棉花种植面积增加 41 .6万公顷 ,增加最多的国家是印度 ( 2 0万公顷 )、美国 ( 1 2 .1万公顷 )和中国 ( 1 0万公顷 )。美国农业部估计 ,到2 0 0 4年 7月 ,全球各主要产棉国气候有利 ,棉花长势普遍较好。预计产量达 2 2 80万吨 ,比 2 0 0 3/0 4年度的 2 0 4 4万吨增加 1 1 .5 %。其中中国增产 30 %以上 ,巴基斯坦和巴西分别增产 1 2 .9%和 1 2 .1 %。美国、印度则分别减产 1 .4%和 5 .3%。 2 0 0 4 /0 5年度消费略增 1 .8% ,期末库存将达 82 2 .8万吨 ,比2 0 0 3/0 4年度增加 1 4.7%。主产棉国棉花长势良好,全球总产预计达2280万吨…     

现行棉价将促进全球棉花产量上升

如果棉花产量下降、消费上升、2 0 0 2 0 3年度末库存下降将帮助全球的棉花价格从 3 0年来的最低点开始急剧反弹。目前的棉价促进了 2 0 0 3 0 4年度全球的棉花产量。下个棉季 ,世界的棉花产量预测将达到 2 10 0万吨 ,比 2 0 0 2 0 3棉季的棉花产量上升了 9% ,180万吨。这将是自 2 0 0 1 0 2棉季以来第二个高产年。在 2 0 0 1 0 2年度 ,全球的棉花产量达到2 15 0万吨。中国的棉花产量增加有望达到 90万吨 ,几乎占全球棉花产量增加量的一半。国际棉花咨询委员会 (ICAC)说 ,下个棉季 ,世界的棉花消费量将出现负增长 ,这是因为受到棉价高…     

2007/2008年度全球棉花供求预测

据国际棉花咨询委员会(ICAC)2007年2月1日公布的数据预测,2007/2008年度全球棉花产量稳定在2530万吨,然而全球棉花消费有望上升至2650万吨,这将使2007/2008年度末库存下降7%至1070万吨;全球棉花贸易量为910万吨,主要受预计中国进口的驱动。ICAC预测2006/2007年度世界棉花产量为2530万吨,同比增加3%;世界棉花消费量2590万吨,同比增长4%;世界棉花出口量在880万吨,同比下降8%,主要原因是预期中国的进口量减少。2006/2007年度,包括美国、乌兹别克斯坦、巴西、澳大利亚在内的主要棉花出口大国的出口量预计减少,相反地,印度的出口量有望创新高…     

今年度世界原棉消费量大于总产

20 0 0 /0 1年度的世界棉花总产预计为 1 874万吨 ,比 1 999/2 0 0 0年度的 1 90 2万吨降 1 .5%;而同期的原棉消费量分别是 2 0 0 5万吨和 1 973万吨 ,均比产量为高。全球经济的强劲发展势头是促进纺纱厂用量增加的主要原因。同期的库存量为 796万吨和 92 7万吨 ,2 0 0 0 /0 1年度因消费量大于总产将使库存减幅 1 4%左右。今年度世界原棉消费量大于总产@王淑民     

2009/2010年度全球棉花库存再降

ICAC 6月1日消息：由于世界棉花生产继续下降，同时全球纺织厂用量反弹，致使2009／2010年度全球棉花期末库存预计降至960万吨，较上年减少21％，成为2003／2004年度以来的最低库存。另外，全球库存消费比也从2008／2009年度的52％降至2009／2010年度的399／6，这也是1993／1994年度以来的最低比率。     

棉花价格低迷将是一个长期的问题

<正>尽管预期2014/2015年度棉花的消费增长,世界棉花产量仍然盈余170万t,这将使本年度世界棉花期末库存达到2130万t,比2013/2014年多9%,比2009/2010年(近15年的棉花库存低谷)多147%。在2011年中国开始实施棉花收储政策以前的25年,世界棉花平均库存消费比为47%;然而,2014/2015年世界棉花库存量将占计划消费量     

2000/01年度世界棉花统计

播种面积 3 3 0 0万公顷 ,每公顷产量 576公斤 ,总产量 1 90 0万吨 ,期初库存量 871万吨 ,期末库存量 76 2万吨 ,进口量 6 2 0 .7万吨 ,出口量 6 2 0 .7万吨 ,消费量 2 0 0 3万吨 ,消费与用棉量比率 3 8%。2000/01年度世界棉花统计@王淑民     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。     

大豆根潜蝇及根腐病的发生与防治

近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Effects of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Growth and Quality of Cucumber and Lettuce

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer.